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Keener M, Maria L, Mazzanti M. Progress in the chemistry of molecular actinide-nitride compounds. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6493-6521. [PMID: 37350843 PMCID: PMC10283502 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01435e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemistry of actinide-nitrides has witnessed significant advances in the last ten years with a large focus on uranium and a few breakthroughs with thorium. Following the early discovery of the first terminal and bridging nitride complexes, various synthetic routes to uranium nitrides have since been identified, although the range of ligands capable of stabilizing uranium nitrides still remains scarce. In particular, both terminal- and bridging-nitrides possess attractive advantages for potential reactivity, especially in light of the recent development of uranium complexes for dinitrogen reduction and functionalization. The first molecular thorium bridged-nitride complexes have also been recently identified, anticipating the possibility of expanding nitride chemistry not only to low-valent thorium, but also to the transuranic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Keener
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering - ISIC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Leonor Maria
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa 2695-066 Bobadela Portugal
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering - ISIC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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2
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Zhao J, Chi CX, Meng LY, Jiang XL, Grunenberg J, HU HS, Zhou M, Li J, Schwarz W. Cis- and Trans-Binding Influences in [NUO · (N2)n]+ . J Chem Phys 2022; 157:054301. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0098068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Uranium nitride-oxide cations [NUO]+ and their complexes with equatorial N2 ligands, [NUO·(N2) n]+ ( n=1-7), were synthesized in the gas phase. Mass-selected infrared photo-dissociation spectroscopy and quantum-chemical calculations confirm [NUO·(N2)5]+ as the sterically fully coordinated cation, with electronic singlet ground state of 1A1, linear [NUO]+ core, and C5v structure. The short N-U bond distances and high stretching modes, with slightly elongated U-O bond distances and lowered stretching modes, are rationalized as due to cooperative covalent and dative [ǀN≡U≡Oǀ]+ triple bonds. The mutual trans-interaction through the flexible electronic U-5f6d7sp valence shell, and the linearly increasing perturbation by an increasing number of equatorial dative N2 ligands are rationalized. It highlights the bonding and distinctiveness of uranium chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lu-Yan Meng
- East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Xue-Lian Jiang
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | | | - Jun Li
- Tsinghua University, China
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3
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Marks JH, Rittgers BM, Van Stipdonk MJ, Duncan MA. Photodissociation and Infrared Spectroscopy of Uranium-Nitrogen Cation Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7278-7288. [PMID: 34387501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Laser vaporization of uranium in a pulsed supersonic expansion of nitrogen is used to produce complexes of the form U+(N2)n (n = 1-8). These ions are mass selected in a reflectron time-of-flight spectrometer and studied with visible and UV laser fixed-frequency photodissociation and with tunable infrared laser photodissociation spectroscopy. The dissociation patterns and spectroscopy of U+(N2)n indicate that N2 ligands are intact molecules and that there is no insertion chemistry resulting in UN+ or NUN+. Fixed frequency photodissociation at 532 and 355 nm indicate that the U+-N2 bond dissociation energy varies little with changing coordination. The photon energy and the number of ligands eliminated allow an estimate of the average U+-N2 dissociation energy of 12 kcal/mol. Infrared bands are observed for these complexes near the N-N stretch vibration via elimination of N2 molecules. These resonances are observed to be shifted about 130 cm-1 to the red from the free-N2 frequency for complexes with n = 3-8. Density functional theory indicates that U+ is most stable in the sextet state in these complexes and that N2 molecules bind in end-on configurations. The fully coordinated complex is predicted to be U+(N2)8, which has a cubic structure. The vibrational frequencies predicted by theory are consistently lower than those in the experiment, independent of the isomeric structure or spin state of the complexes. Despite its failure to reproduce the infrared spectra, theory provides an average U+-N2 dissociation energy of 11.8 ± 0.5 kcal/mol, in good agreement with the value from the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Marks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - B M Rittgers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - M J Van Stipdonk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - M A Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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4
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Liu G, Zhang C, Ciborowski SM, Asthana A, Cheng L, Bowen KH. Mapping the Electronic Structure of the Uranium(VI) Dinitride Molecule, UN 2. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6486-6492. [PMID: 32700533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c03735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A combined anion photoelectron spectroscopic and relativistic coupled-cluster computational study of the electronic structure of the UN2 molecule is presented. Because the photoelectron spectrum of the uranium dinitride negative ion, UN2-, directly reflects the electronic structure of neutral UN2, we have measured and relied upon the photoelectron spectrum of the UN2- anion as a means of mapping the electronic structure of neutral UN2. In addition to the electron affinity of the UN2 ground state, energy levels of the UN2 excited states were well characterized by the close interplay between the experiment and high-level theory. We found that both electron attachment and electronic excitation significantly bend the UN2 molecule and elongate its U≡N bond. Implications for the activation of UN2 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Chaoqun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Sandra M Ciborowski
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Ayush Asthana
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kit H Bowen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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5
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Rudel SS, Deubner HL, Müller M, Karttunen AJ, Kraus F. Complexes featuring a linear [N≡U≡N] core isoelectronic to the uranyl cation. Nat Chem 2020; 12:962-967. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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Back-bonding between an electron-poor, high-oxidation-state metal and poor π-acceptor ligand in a uranium(v)–dinitrogen complex. Nat Chem 2019; 11:806-811. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Qin JW, Zhang P, Pu Z, Hu Y, Zhang P, Shuai MB, Hu SX. Probing the Electronic Structure and Chemical Bonding of Uranium Nitride Complexes of NU–XO (X = C, N, O). J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:6958-6969. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b02923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Qin
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621908, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Pu
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621907, China
| | - Yin Hu
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621908, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Mao-Bing Shuai
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621907, China
| | - Shu-Xian Hu
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
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8
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Huang Z, Sun L, Yuan Y, Li Y, Wang X. Theoretical Insights into Halogenated Uranium Cyanide/Isocyanide Compounds. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:12559-12567. [PMID: 27989178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two kinds of halogenated uranium cyanide/isocyanide compounds, XUCN and XUNC (X = halogen) formed by the insertion of uranium atom into X-C(N) bonds of XCN (or XNC), were investigated by DFT and ab initio methods. Although XNC is less stable thermodynamically than XCN, XUNC is more stable than XUCN and is expected to be prepared and characterized in matrix isolation experiments. The C-N stretching vibration mode (νC-N) is the primary fingerprint for the identification of these isomers due to its red-shift character with respect to the relevant precursor. Atoms-in-molecule (AIM) analysis illustrates that both X-U and U-C(N) bonds in XUCN and XUNC show closed-shell interaction character, although partial covalent character contributes to them, and can be denoted as X-U2+(CN)- and X-U2+(NC)-, respectively. Charge decomposition analysis (CDA) further reveals that the isocyanide exhibits better donation performance than the cyanide, which should be the root cause of the difference between XUCN and XUNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengguo Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Materials Chemistry (Tianjin Normal University), Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University , Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Materials Chemistry (Tianjin Normal University), Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University , Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Materials Chemistry (Tianjin Normal University), Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University , Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Materials Chemistry (Tianjin Normal University), Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University , Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Materials Chemistry (Tianjin Normal University), Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University , Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
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Choi C, Yoo HW, Goh EM, Cho SG, Jung Y. Ti(N5)4 as a Potential Nitrogen-Rich Stable High-Energy Density Material. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:4249-55. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b04226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changhyeok Choi
- Graduate
school of Energy Environment Water and Sustainability (EEWS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehakro, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Hae-Wook Yoo
- Agency for Defense Development, P.O Box 35-42,
Yuseong, Daejeon 34186, Korea
| | - Eun Mee Goh
- Graduate
school of Energy Environment Water and Sustainability (EEWS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehakro, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
- Agency for Defense Development, P.O Box 35-42,
Yuseong, Daejeon 34186, Korea
| | - Soo Gyeong Cho
- Agency for Defense Development, P.O Box 35-42,
Yuseong, Daejeon 34186, Korea
| | - Yousung Jung
- Graduate
school of Energy Environment Water and Sustainability (EEWS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehakro, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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Vlaisavljevich B, Andrews L, Wang X, Gong Y, Kushto GP, Bursten BE. Detection and Electronic Structure of Naked Actinide Complexes: Rhombic-Ring (AnN)2 Molecules Stabilized by Delocalized π-Bonding. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:893-905. [PMID: 26645301 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The major products of the reaction of laser ablated and excited U atoms and N2 are the linear N≡U≡N dinitride molecule, isoelectronic with the uranyl dication, and the diatomic nitride U≡N. These molecules form novel cyclic dimers, (UN)2 and (NUN)2, with complex electronic structures, in matrix isolation experiments, which increase on UV photolysis. In addition, (NUN)2 increases at the expense of (UN)2 upon warming the codeposited matrix samples into the 20-40 K range as attested by additional nitrogen and argon matrix infrared spectra recorded after cooling the samples back to 4 or 7 K. These molecules are identified through matrix infrared spectra with nitrogen isotopic substitution and by comparing the observed matrix frequencies with those from electronic structure calculations. The dimerization is strong (theory predicts the dimer to be on the order of 100 kcal/mol more stable than the monomers), since the ground state involves 12 bonding electrons, 8 in the σ-system, and 4 in the delocalized π-system. This delocalized π bonding is present in the U, Th, La, and Hf analogues further demonstrating the interesting interplay between the 5f and 6d orbitals in actinide chemistry. The (UN)2(+) cation is also observed in solid argon, and calculations indicate that the bonding in the ring is preserved. On the other hand, the NUN dimer is of lower C2h symmetry, and the initial NUN molecules are recognizable in this more weakly bonded (ΔE = -64 kcal/mol) structure. The NThN molecules bind more strongly in the (NThN)2 dimer than the NUN molecules in (NUN)2 since NUN itself is more stable than NThN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bess Vlaisavljevich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota and Supercomputing Institute , 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia , P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University , Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia , P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Gary P Kushto
- United States Naval Research Laboratory , 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Bruce E Bursten
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester, Massachusetts 01609-2280, United States
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11
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Liddle ST. The Renaissance of Non-Aqueous Uranium Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8604-41. [PMID: 26079536 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201412168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prior to the year 2000, non-aqueous uranium chemistry mainly involved metallocene and classical alkyl, amide, or alkoxide compounds as well as established carbene, imido, and oxo derivatives. Since then, there has been a resurgence of the area, and dramatic developments of supporting ligands and multiply bonded ligand types, small-molecule activation, and magnetism have been reported. This Review 1) introduces the reader to some of the specialist theories of the area, 2) covers all-important starting materials, 3) surveys contemporary ligand classes installed at uranium, including alkyl, aryl, arene, carbene, amide, imide, nitride, alkoxide, aryloxide, and oxo compounds, 4) describes advances in the area of single-molecule magnetism, and 5) summarizes the coordination and activation of small molecules, including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, dinitrogen, white phosphorus, and alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Liddle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK).
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13
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Wu QY, Lan JH, Wang CZ, Zhao YL, Chai ZF, Shi WQ. Terminal U≡E (E = N, P, As, Sb, and Bi) bonds in uranium complexes: a theoretical perspective. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:922-30. [PMID: 25584689 DOI: 10.1021/jp512950j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The compound L-U-N [L = [N(CH2CH2NSiPr(i)3)3](3-), Pr(i) = CH(CH3)2] containing a terminal U-N triple bond has been synthesized and isolated successfully in experiments. To investigate the trend in the bonding nature of its pnictogen analogues, we have studied the L-U-E (E = N, P, As, Sb, and Bi) complexes using the scalar relativistic density functional theory. The terminal U-E multiple bond length increases in the order of U-N ≪ U-P < U-As < U-Sb < U-Bi, which can be supported by the hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB) theory. The U-E bond length, molecular orbital (MO), and natural bond orbital (NBO) reveal that the terminal U-E bonds should be genuine triple bonds containing one σ- and two π-bonding orbitals. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) topological analysis and the electron localization function (ELF) suggest that the terminal U-E bond possesses covalent character and the covalency of U-E bonds decrease sharply when the terminal atom becomes heavier. This work presents a comparison about the bonding characteristic between the terminal U≡N bond and its heavier pnictogen (P, As, Sb, and Bi) analogues. It is expected that this work would shed light on the evaluation of the amount of 5f orbital participation in multiple bonds and further facilitate our deeper understanding of f-block elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
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Pandey KK, Patidar P, Patidar SK, Vishwakarma R. Effects of density functionals and dispersion interactions on geometries, bond energies and harmonic frequencies of EUX3 (E=N, P, CH; X=H, F, Cl). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 133:846-855. [PMID: 25014545 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Quantum-chemical calculations have been performed to evaluate the geometries, bonding nature and harmonic frequencies of the compounds [EUX3] at DFT, DFT-D3, DFT-D3(BJ) and DFT-dDSc levels using different density functionals BP86, BLYP, PBE, revPBE, PW91, TPSS and M06-L. The stretching frequency of UN bond in [NUF3] calculated with DFT/BLYP closely resembles with the experimental value. The performance of different density functionals for accurate UN vibrational frequencies follows the order BLYP>revPBE>BP86>PW91>TPSS>PBE>M06-L. The BLYP functional gives accurate value of the UE bond distances. The uranium atom in the studied compounds [EUX3] is positively charged. Upon going from [EUF3] to [EUCl3], the partial Hirshfeld charge on uranium atom decreases because of the lower electronegativity of chlorine compared to flourine. The Gopinathan-Jug bond order for UE bonds ranges from 2.90 to 3.29. The UE bond dissociation energies vary with different density functionals as M06-L<TPSS<BLYP<revPBE<BP86<PBE≈PW91. The orbital interactions ΔEorb, in all studied compounds [EUX3] are larger than the electrostatic interaction ΔEelstat, which means the UN bonds in these compound have greater degree of covalent character (in the range 63.8-77.2%). The UE σ-bonding interaction is the dominant bonding interaction in the nitride and methylidyne complexes while it is weaker in [PUX3]. The dispersion energy contributions to the total bond dissociation energies are rather small. Compared to the Grimme's D3(BJ) corrections, the Corminboeuf's dispersion corrections are larger with metaGGA functionals (TPSS, M06-L) while smaller with GGA functionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kumar Pandey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Devi Ahilya University Indore, Khandwa Road Campus, Indore 452 001, India.
| | - Pankaj Patidar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Devi Ahilya University Indore, Khandwa Road Campus, Indore 452 001, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Patidar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Devi Ahilya University Indore, Khandwa Road Campus, Indore 452 001, India
| | - Ravi Vishwakarma
- School of Chemical Sciences, Devi Ahilya University Indore, Khandwa Road Campus, Indore 452 001, India
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Cleaves PA, King DM, Kefalidis CE, Maron L, Tuna F, McInnes EJL, McMaster J, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Liddle ST. Two-electron reductive carbonylation of terminal uranium(V) and uranium(VI) nitrides to cyanate by carbon monoxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:10412-5. [PMID: 25079093 PMCID: PMC4497608 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two-electron reductive carbonylation of the uranium(VI) nitride [U(Tren(TIPS))(N)] (2, Tren(TIPS)=N(CH2CH2NSiiPr3)3) with CO gave the uranium(IV) cyanate [U(Tren(TIPS))(NCO)] (3). KC8 reduction of 3 resulted in cyanate dissociation to give [U(Tren(TIPS))] (4) and KNCO, or cyanate retention in [U(Tren(TIPS))(NCO)][K(B15C5)2] (5, B15C5=benzo-15-crown-5 ether) with B15C5. Complexes 5 and 4 and KNCO were also prepared from CO and the uranium(V) nitride [{U(Tren(TIPS))(N)K}2] (6), with or without B15C5, respectively. Complex 5 can be prepared directly from CO and [U(Tren(TIPS))(N)][K(B15C5)2] (7). Notably, 7 reacts with CO much faster than 2. This unprecedented f-block reactivity was modeled theoretically, revealing nucleophilic attack of the π* orbital of CO by the nitride with activation energy barriers of 24.7 and 11.3 kcal mol(-1) for uranium(VI) and uranium(V), respectively. A remarkably simple two-step, two-electron cycle for the conversion of azide to nitride to cyanate using 4, NaN3 and CO is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Cleaves
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University ParkNottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - David M King
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University ParkNottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - Christos E Kefalidis
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse (France)
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse (France)
| | - Floriana Tuna
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of ManchesterOxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK)
| | - Eric J L McInnes
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of ManchesterOxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK)
| | - Jonathan McMaster
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University ParkNottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University ParkNottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - Alexander J Blake
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University ParkNottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University ParkNottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
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Cleaves PA, King DM, Kefalidis CE, Maron L, Tuna F, McInnes EJL, McMaster J, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Liddle ST. Two-Electron Reductive Carbonylation of Terminal Uranium(V) and Uranium(VI) Nitrides to Cyanate by Carbon Monoxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Andrews L, Wang X, Gong Y, Kushto GP, Vlaisavljevich B, Gagliardi L. Infrared Spectra and Electronic Structure Calculations for NN Complexes with U, UN, and NUN in Solid Argon, Neon, and Nitrogen. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:5289-303. [DOI: 10.1021/jp501637j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, Box 400319, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Box 400319, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Box 400319, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Gary P. Kushto
- Department of Chemistry, Box 400319, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Bess Vlaisavljevich
- Department of Chemistry and
Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry and
Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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Hu HS, Wei F, Wang X, Andrews L, Li J. Actinide–Silicon Multiradical Bonding: Infrared Spectra and Electronic Structures of the Si(μ-X)AnF3 (An = Th, U; X = H, F) Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:1427-37. [DOI: 10.1021/ja409527u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Shi Hu
- Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fan Wei
- Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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