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Vijay K, Vavilapalli DS, Arya A, Srivastava SK, Singh R, Sagdeo A, Jha SN, Kumar K, Banik S. Magneto-strain effects in 2D ferromagnetic van der Waal material CrGeTe[Formula: see text]. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8579. [PMID: 37237016 PMCID: PMC10219987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The idea of strain based manipulation of spins in magnetic two-dimensional (2D) van der Waal (vdW) materials leads to the development of new generation spintronic devices. Magneto-strain arises in these materials due to the thermal fluctuations and magnetic interactions which influences both the lattice dynamics and the electronic bands. Here, we report the mechanism of magneto-strain effects in a vdW material CrGeTe[Formula: see text] across the ferromagnetic (FM) transition. We find an isostructural transition in CrGeTe[Formula: see text] across the FM ordering with first order type lattice modulation. Larger in-plane lattice contraction than out-of-plane give rise to magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The signature of magneto-strain effects in the electronic structure are shift of the bands away from the Fermi level, band broadening and the twinned bands in the FM phase. We find that the in-plane lattice contraction increases the on-site Coulomb correlation ([Formula: see text]) between Cr atoms resulting in the band shift. Out-of-plane lattice contraction enhances the [Formula: see text] hybridization between Cr-Ge and Cr-Te atoms which lead to band broadening and strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in FM phase. The interplay between [Formula: see text] and SOC out-of-plane gives rise to the twinned bands associated with the interlayer interactions while the in-plane interactions gives rise to the 2D spin polarized states in the FM phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Vijay
- Accelerator Physics and Synchrotrons Utilization Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, 452013 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094 India
| | - Durga Sankar Vavilapalli
- Materials Design Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ashok Arya
- Glass and Advanced Materials Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085 India
| | - S. K. Srivastava
- Accelerator Physics and Synchrotrons Utilization Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, 452013 India
| | - Rashmi Singh
- Laser Materials Development and Devices Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, 452013 India
| | - Archna Sagdeo
- Accelerator Physics and Synchrotrons Utilization Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, 452013 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094 India
| | - S. N. Jha
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094 India
- Beamline Development and Application Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085 India
| | - Kranti Kumar
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Khandwa Road, Indore, 452001 India
| | - Soma Banik
- Accelerator Physics and Synchrotrons Utilization Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, 452013 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094 India
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2
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Mishra S. Ultra-mild synthesis of nanometric metal chalcogenides using organyl chalcogenide precursors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10136-10153. [PMID: 36004549 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03458a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bis(trialkylsilyl) monochalcogenides and diorganyl dichalcogenides, (R3Si)2E and R2E2 (E = S, Se or Te and R = alkyl, aryl or allyl group), have emerged in the past decade as excellent reagents for the synthesis of metal chalcogenide nanoparticles (NPs) and clusters owing to their ability to transfer the chalcogenide anion (E2-) under ultra-mild conditions and versatility in reacting even with non-conventional metal reagents or being employed in a variety of synthetic methods. In comparison, the related non-silylated diorganyl monochalcogenides R2E have received attention only recently for the solution phase synthesis of metal chalcogenide NPs. In spite of sharing many similarities, these three families of organyl chalcogenides are different in their coordination ability and decomposition behavior, and therefore in reactivities towards metal reagents. This feature article provides a concise overview on the use of these three families as synthons for the ultralow-temperature synthesis of metal chalcogenide nanomaterials, deliberating their different decomposition mechanisms and critically assessing their advantages for certain applications. More specifically, it discusses their usefulness in (i) affording molecular precursors with different kinetic and thermal stabilities, (ii) isolating reactive intermediates for comprehending the mechanism of molecule-to-nanoparticle transformation and, therefore, achieving fine control over the synthesis, (iii) stabilizing isolable metastable or difficult-to-achieve phases, and (iv) yielding complex ternary nanoparticles with controlled stoichiometry or composites with sensitive materials without modifying the characteristics of the latter. Besides providing a perspective on the low-temperature synthesis of nanomaterials, this overview is expected to assist further progress, particularly in the field of R2E, leading to interesting materials including metastable ones for new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Mishra
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5256, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France.
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3
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Hwang JM, Lee JH, Kim HS, Park CW, Yoo D, Park BK, Kim CG, Chung TM. Strategy of solution process precursors for phase change memory. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.114289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Celania C, Mudring AV. Structures, properties, and potential applications of rare earth-noble metal tellurides. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Yarema O, Perevedentsev A, Ovuka V, Baade P, Volk S, Wood V, Yarema M. Colloidal Phase-Change Materials: Synthesis of Monodisperse GeTe Nanoparticles and Quantification of Their Size-Dependent Crystallization. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018; 30:6134-6143. [PMID: 30270986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b04710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Phase-change memory materials refer to a class of materials that can exist in amorphous and crystalline phases with distinctly different electrical or optical properties, as well as exhibit outstanding crystallization kinetics and optimal phase transition temperatures. This paper focuses on the potential of colloids as phase-change memory materials. We report a novel synthesis for amorphous GeTe nanoparticles based on an amide-promoted approach that enables accurate size control of GeTe nanoparticles between 4 and 9 nm, narrow size distributions down to 9-10%, and synthesis upscaling to reach multigram chemical yields per batch. We then quantify the crystallization phase transition for GeTe nanoparticles, employing high-temperature X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and transmission electron microscopy. We show that GeTe nanoparticles crystallize at higher temperatures than the bulk GeTe material and that crystallization temperature increases with decreasing size. We can explain this size-dependence using the entropy of crystallization model and classical nucleation theory. The size-dependences quantified here highlight possible benefits of nanoparticles for phase-change memory applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya Yarema
- Materials and Device Engineering Group, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandr Perevedentsev
- Polymer Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Ovuka
- Materials and Device Engineering Group, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul Baade
- Materials and Device Engineering Group, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Volk
- Materials and Device Engineering Group, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Wood
- Materials and Device Engineering Group, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maksym Yarema
- Materials and Device Engineering Group, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Yarema O, Perevedentsev A, Ovuka V, Baade P, Volk S, Wood V, Yarema M. Colloidal Phase-Change Materials: Synthesis of Monodisperse GeTe Nanoparticles and Quantification of Their Size-Dependent Crystallization. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018; 30:6134-6143. [PMID: 30270986 PMCID: PMC6156088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b02702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Phase-change memory materials refer to a class of materials that can exist in amorphous and crystalline phases with distinctly different electrical or optical properties, as well as exhibit outstanding crystallization kinetics and optimal phase transition temperatures. This paper focuses on the potential of colloids as phase-change memory materials. We report a novel synthesis for amorphous GeTe nanoparticles based on an amide-promoted approach that enables accurate size control of GeTe nanoparticles between 4 and 9 nm, narrow size distributions down to 9-10%, and synthesis upscaling to reach multigram chemical yields per batch. We then quantify the crystallization phase transition for GeTe nanoparticles, employing high-temperature X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and transmission electron microscopy. We show that GeTe nanoparticles crystallize at higher temperatures than the bulk GeTe material and that crystallization temperature increases with decreasing size. We can explain this size-dependence using the entropy of crystallization model and classical nucleation theory. The size-dependences quantified here highlight possible benefits of nanoparticles for phase-change memory applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya Yarema
- Materials
and Device Engineering Group, Department of Information Technology
and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandr Perevedentsev
- Polymer
Technology, Department of Materials, ETH
Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Ovuka
- Materials
and Device Engineering Group, Department of Information Technology
and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul Baade
- Materials
and Device Engineering Group, Department of Information Technology
and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Volk
- Materials
and Device Engineering Group, Department of Information Technology
and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Wood
- Materials
and Device Engineering Group, Department of Information Technology
and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maksym Yarema
- Materials
and Device Engineering Group, Department of Information Technology
and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Rusek M, Bendt G, Wölper C, Bläser D, Schulz S. Intramolecularly-stabilized Group 14 Alkoxides - Promising Precursors for the Synthesis of Group 14-Chalcogenides by Hot-Injection Method. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201700029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Rusek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE); University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 7 45114 Essen Germany
| | - Georg Bendt
- Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE); University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 7 45114 Essen Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE); University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 7 45114 Essen Germany
| | - Dieter Bläser
- Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE); University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 7 45114 Essen Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE); University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 7 45114 Essen Germany
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8
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Loor M, Bendt G, Schaumann J, Hagemann U, Heidelmann M, Wölper C, Schulz S. Synthesis of Sb2Se3and Bi2Se3Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids at Low Temperatures and Solid State Structure of [C4C1Im]3[BiCl6]. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201600325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Loor
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE); University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 5-7, S07 S03 C30 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Georg Bendt
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE); University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 5-7, S07 S03 C30 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Julian Schaumann
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE); University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 5-7, S07 S03 C30 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Ulrich Hagemann
- Interdisciplinary Center for Analytics on the Nanoscale (ICAN); NETZ; Carl-Benz-Str. 199 47047 Duisburg Germany
| | - Markus Heidelmann
- Interdisciplinary Center for Analytics on the Nanoscale (ICAN); NETZ; Carl-Benz-Str. 199 47047 Duisburg Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE); University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 5-7, S07 S03 C30 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE); University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 5-7, S07 S03 C30 45117 Essen Germany
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9
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Huang WH, Gao TL, Huang CW, Chang CF, Wu WW, Tuan HY. Synthesis of single-crystalline Ge 1Sb 2Te 4nanoplates in solution phase. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce02355f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Loor M, Bendt G, Hagemann U, Wölper C, Assenmacher W, Schulz S. Synthesis of Bi2Te3and (BixSb1−x)2Te3nanoparticles using the novel IL [C4mim]3[Bi3I12]. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:15326-15335. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02361d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
[C4mim]3[Bi3I12] is a promising Bi-source for the ionothermal synthesis of binary (Bi2Te3) and ternary tetradymite-type nanoparticles (BixSb1−x)2Te3(x= 0.25, 0.5, 0.75) in ionic liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Loor
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- D-45117 Essen
- Germany
| | - G. Bendt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- D-45117 Essen
- Germany
| | - U. Hagemann
- Interdisciplinary Center for Analytics on the Nanoscale (ICAN)
- NETZ
- 47047 Duisburg
- Germany
| | - C. Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- D-45117 Essen
- Germany
| | - W. Assenmacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Bonn
- D-53117 Bonn
- Germany
| | - S. Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- D-45117 Essen
- Germany
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11
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Bendt G, Lapsien S, Steiniger P, Bläser D, Wölper C, Schulz S. Oxidative Addition of Diethylchalcogenanes to Lappert's Germylene and Stannylene. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201500023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Polavarapu L, Mourdikoudis S, Pastoriza-Santos I, Pérez-Juste J. Nanocrystal engineering of noble metals and metal chalcogenides: controlling the morphology, composition and crystallinity. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce00112a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Bendt G, Weber A, Heimann S, Assenmacher W, Prymak O, Schulz S. Wet-chemical synthesis of different bismuth telluride nanoparticles using metal organic precursors – single source vs. dual source approach. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:14272-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02072g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermolysis of metal organicsingle sourceanddual source precursorsyielded phase-pure BixTeynanoparticles at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Bendt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE)
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- D-45117 Essen
- Germany
| | - Anna Weber
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE)
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- D-45117 Essen
- Germany
| | - Stefan Heimann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE)
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- D-45117 Essen
- Germany
| | | | - Oleg Prymak
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE)
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- D-45117 Essen
- Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE)
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- D-45117 Essen
- Germany
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