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Zhu X, Xu J, Guan X, Li F, Zhu K, Huang J, Cui X, Fang Z. Rapid Evaluation of Material Surface Modification by a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Based on Fluorescence Coloring and Image Processing Technologies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:49094-49108. [PMID: 36265103 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, improving the surface properties of large-scale insulation by plasma modification has attracted extensive attention with the development of power systems and high-tech industries. However, routine evaluations of the modification effect and uniformity require complicated tests after the plasma is powered off, which waste a lot of time and cannot regulate the modification effect online. In this study, a novel fluorescence-assisted dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) for fabricating a functional film is developed, and a rapid evaluation method of the modification effect and uniformity is proposed based on fluorescence coloring and image processing technologies. The results show that the addition of an organic fluorescent agent in the DBD with hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) has no negative effect on the plasma discharge and modification effect, and the fluorescence-assisted DBD successfully fabricates the functional films with typical chromogenic groups (N-H and S═O) that exhibit typical fluorescence under an UV lamp. According to image processing and parameter extraction, the plasma-assisted fluorescent film is converted into a two-dimensional (2D) color map with nine color levels, and three characteristic parameters are proposed to evaluate the modification effect rapidly and directly. It shows that the warmer the color of the treated sample, the better the hydrophobicity and electrical insulating properties, where the red region represents the optimally modified surface, while the blue region represents the worst one. The area, shape, and integrity of the plasma modification are clarified quantificationally, which provides the possibility of further online evaluation of the modification effect and uniformity by the plasma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhu
- College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingang Xu
- College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuhan Guan
- College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fangsong Li
- College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kangyue Zhu
- College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jialiang Huang
- College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinglei Cui
- College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi Fang
- College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, Jiangsu, China
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Sarkar SK, Jena S, Behera SK, Thilagar P. Synthesis and Characterization of Far-Red Emissive Boron-Based Triads Showing Large Stokes Shifts: Optical, TRANES, and Electrochemical Studies. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3967-3977. [PMID: 35254826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the design and synthesis of far-red emissive boryl-thiophene-BODIPY triads 1-3. The π-conjugation length and electronic communication between borane and BODIPY moieties are tuned by judiciously varying the size of the oligothiophene spacer in these triads (1, terthiophene; 2, quarterthiophene; and 3, pentathiophene). Conjugates 1-3 showed intriguing triple emissions in the blue to far-red regions. Detailed optical, time-resolved decay kinetics, time-resolved area-normalized emission spectra (TRANES), fluoride binding, and computational studies suggest that the multiple emissions in these triads are due to an inefficient transfer of energy from the boryl-oligothiophene to the BODIPY unit. In addition, all of the conjugates showed a ratiometric fluorescence response to fluoride ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Satyam Jena
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Behera
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Pakkirisamy Thilagar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore 560012, India
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Li P, Jia Y, Zhang S, Di J, Zhang N, Chen P. Oligotriarylamine-Extended Organoboranes with Tunable Electron-Donating Strength by Changing the Number of Donor Units. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:3951-3958. [PMID: 35201745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Triarylborane (Ar3B) and triarylamine (Ar3N) have been widely employed to construct electronically different donor-acceptor (D-A) systems. Herein, we describe a series of A-D-A-type luminescent organoboranes L-B2Nn (n = 1, 3, 5) that show an increased number of Ar3N units as electron donors and two terminal Ar3B as acceptors. When the Ar3N moieties were extended from one to five units, their electron-donating strength was gradually enhanced and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gaps could also be tuned, which was further reflected in the red-shifted emissions from blue (λem = 458 nm) to orange (λem = 595 nm) with a decrease in Egap(elect) from 3.19 to 2.61 eV. L-B2N5 showed a huge Stokes shift (∼14 057 cm-1) and a considerably bright emission with an enhanced solid-state quantum efficiency (ΦS = 98%) compared with the other members. L-B2N3 and L-B2N5 exhibited aggregation-induced emissions (AIEs), and an apparent solvatochromic shift was also observed in the emission spectra as the solvent was changed from hexane to tetrahydrofuran (THF) (430 → 595 nm). In addition, the donor-acceptor charge-transfer character in these organoboranes caused a thermally responsive emission over a broad range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yawei Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Songhe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jiaqi Di
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
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Sarkar SK, Rao SE, Thilagar P. Molecular Conformational Effect on Optical Properties and Fluoride Induced Color Changes in Triarylborane-Vinylbithiophene-BODIPY Conjugates. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:8896-8903. [PMID: 32975933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Three new triads [bis(mesityl)boryl (Mes2B)-vinylbithiophene-BODIPY] bearing zero (1), two (2), and four (3) methyl groups on the BODIPY core are synthesized, and their optical properties are reported. The vinyl linker between the thiophene rings in the spacer moiety improved the electronic communication between the boryl and BODIPY units. It displayed a bathochromic shift in the absorption and emission spectra compared to the Mes2B-bithiophene-BODIPY triad reported elsewhere. These compounds exhibit intriguing multiple-emission features due to an incomplete energy transfer from donor borane to the acceptor BODIPY unit. These compounds' photoluminescence color can be conveniently fine-tuned by fluoride binding at the coordinatively unsaturated tricoordinate boron center. Triad 3, with a rigid molecular structure, showed a sharp emission band, whereas triads 1 and 2, with flexible molecular structures, displayed broad emission bands with a robust bathochromic shift, ascribed to their excited state structural reorganizations. These triads selectively bind fluoride ions and show colorimetric responses, which can be seen with an unaided eye. DFT computational studies were performed to rationalize the optical signatures of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Shilpa Eshwar Rao
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Pakkirisamy Thilagar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Jena S, Dhanalakshmi P, Bano G, Thilagar P. Delayed Fluorescence, Room Temperature Phosphorescence, and Mechanofluorochromic Naphthalimides: Differential Imaging of Normoxia and Hypoxia Live Cancer Cells. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:5393-5406. [PMID: 32501697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c04115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We study the effect of molecular conformation on the electronic coupling between the donor amines and acceptor 1,8-naphthalimide (NPI) in a series of D-A systems 1-4 (A = NPI; D = phenothiazine, phenoxazine, carbazole, diphenylamine, respectively, for 1, 2, 3, and 4). Weakly coupled systems show dual emission in the solution state, while strongly coupled systems show single emission bands. The energy of transitions and photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield are sensitive to the molecular conformation and donor strength. These compounds show delayed emission in the solutions and aggregated state and phosphorescence in the solid state. Compounds 3 and 4 with weak donors exhibit intermolecular slipped π···π interactions in the solid state and consequently exhibit dual (intra- and inter-) phosphorescence at low temperature. Steady state and time-resolved PL studies at variable temperature together with computational and crystal structure analysis were used to rationalize the optical properties of these compounds. The delayed emission of these compounds is sensitive to molecular oxygen; accordingly, these molecules are utilized for differential imaging of normoxia and hypoxia cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyam Jena
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India 560012
| | - Pandi Dhanalakshmi
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India 560012
| | - Gulista Bano
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India 560012
| | - Pakkirisamy Thilagar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India 560012
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Kalluvettukuzhy NK, Thilagar P. Bistable Polyaromatic Aminoboranes: Bright Solid State Emission and Mechanochromism. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neena K. Kalluvettukuzhy
- Department of Inorganic and
Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Pakkirisamy Thilagar
- Department of Inorganic and
Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Rajendra Kumar G, Thilagar P. Tuning the Phosphorescence and Solid State Luminescence of Triarylborane-Functionalized Acetylacetonato Platinum Complexes. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:12220-12229. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Rajendra Kumar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Pakkirisamy Thilagar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Jia J, Xue P, Lu R. Stimuli-response fluorescence behaviors of dimesitylboron functionalized with tetraphenylethylene. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gu L, Liu R, Shi H, Wang Q, Song G, Zhu X, Yuan S, Zhu H. Synthesis, Luminescent Properties of aza-Boron-Diquinomethene Difluoride Complexes and Their Application for Fluorescent Security Inks. J Fluoresc 2015; 26:407-12. [PMID: 26596734 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-015-1727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two aza-boron-diquinomethene (aza-BODIQU) complexes bearing phenyl and carbazyl substituents were synthesized and characterized. Their photophysical properties were investigated systematically via spectroscopic and theoretical methods. Both complexes exhibit strong (1)π-π* transition absorptions (λ(abs) = 400-540 nm) and intense fluorescent emissions (λ(em) = 440-600 nm, Φ(PL) = 0.93 and 0.78) in CH2Cl2 solution and in solid state at room temperature. Compared to the complex with phenyl groups, the complex bearing carbazyl groups shows significant bathochromic shift in both absorption and emission. This could be attributed to the larger π-electron conjugation of the carbazole unit and intramolecular charge transfer feature from carbazole to aza-BODIQU component. In addition, the complexes exhibit intense photoluminescence and good stability on antacid, anti-alkali and stability in printing ink samples, which makes them potential dopants for the application of fluorescent security inks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Gu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Hong Shi
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Information Technology, Wuxi, 214153, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Guangliang Song
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shidong Yuan
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Hongjun Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Swamy P CA, Priyanka RN, Mukherjee S, Thilagar P. Panchromatic Borane-aza-BODIPY Conjugate: Synthesis, Intriguing Optical Properties, and Selective Fluorescent Sensing of Fluoride Anions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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