1
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Klein M, Sundermeyer J. Modular Design Strategy toward Second-Generation Tridentate Carbodiphosphorane N,C,N Ligands with a Central Four-Electron Carbon Donor Motif and Their Complexes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Klein
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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2
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Strausser SL, Jenkins DM. Synthesis of d10 N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes with a Perimidine Scaffold. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L. Strausser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - David M. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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3
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Goreshnik E. Influence of the synthetic conditions on a formation of 1-D, 2-D and 3-D copper–chloride coordination polymers. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01048d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using the electrochemical synthesis and varying the solvents used, the amounts and ratios of starting reagents and the crystallization temperature, single crystals of new 1-D, 2-D and 3-D copper(i)-chloride salts of diprotonated dabco were prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Goreshnik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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4
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Liske A, Wallbaum L, Hölzel T, Föller J, Gernert M, Hupp B, Ganter C, Marian CM, Steffen A. Cu–F Interactions between Cationic Linear N-Heterocyclic Carbene Copper(I) Pyridine Complexes and Their Counterions Greatly Enhance Blue Luminescence Efficiency. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:5433-5445. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Markus Gernert
- Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Benjamin Hupp
- Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | - Andreas Steffen
- Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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5
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Danopoulos AA, Simler T, Braunstein P. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Copper, Nickel, and Cobalt. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3730-3961. [PMID: 30843688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of N-heterocyclic carbenes as ligands across the Periodic Table had an impact on various aspects of the coordination, organometallic, and catalytic chemistry of the 3d metals, including Cu, Ni, and Co, both from the fundamental viewpoint but also in applications, including catalysis, photophysics, bioorganometallic chemistry, materials, etc. In this review, the emergence, development, and state of the art in these three areas are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A Danopoulos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis Zografou , Athens GR 15771 , Greece.,Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 , Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination , Strasbourg 67081 Cedex , France
| | - Thomas Simler
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 , Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination , Strasbourg 67081 Cedex , France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 , Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination , Strasbourg 67081 Cedex , France
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6
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Shi S, Jung MC, Coburn C, Tadle A, Sylvinson M R D, Djurovich PI, Forrest SR, Thompson ME. Highly Efficient Photo- and Electroluminescence from Two-Coordinate Cu(I) Complexes Featuring Nonconventional N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3576-3588. [PMID: 30768250 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of six luminescent two-coordinate Cu(I) complexes were investigated bearing nonconventional N-heterocyclic carbene ligands, monoamido-aminocarbene (MAC*) and diamidocarbene (DAC*), along with carbazolyl (Cz) as well as mono- and dicyano-substituted Cz derivatives. The emission color can be systematically varied over 270 nm, from violet to red, through proper choice of the acceptor (carbene) and donor (carbazolyl) groups. The compounds exhibit photoluminescent quantum efficiencies up to 100% in fluid solution and polystyrene films with short decay lifetimes (τ ≈ 1 μs). The radiative rate constants for the Cu(I) complexes ( kr = 105-106 s-1) are comparable to state of the art phosphorescent emitters with noble metals such as Ir and Pt. All complexes show strong solvatochromism due to the large dipole moment of the ground states and the transition dipole moment that is in the opposite direction. Temperature-dependent studies of (MAC*)Cu(Cz) reveal a small energy separation between the lowest singlet and triplet states (Δ ES1-T1 = 500 cm-1) and an exceptionally large zero-field splitting (ZFS = 85 cm-1). Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) fabricated with (MAC*)Cu(Cz) as a green emissive dopant have high external quantum efficiencies (EQE = 19.4%) and brightness of 54 000 cd/m2 with modest roll-off at high currents. The complex can also serve as a neat emissive layer to make highly efficient OLEDs (EQE = 16.3%).
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7
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Inverse coordination – An emerging new chemical concept. II. Halogens as coordination centers. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Hamze R, Jazzar R, Soleilhavoup M, Djurovich PI, Bertrand G, Thompson ME. Phosphorescent 2-, 3- and 4-coordinate cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) Cu(i) complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:9008-9011. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02638b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
2-, 3- and 4-coordinate CAAC–Cu(i) complexes were prepared and all were found to display phosphorescent emission with microsecond lifetimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Hamze
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | | | | | | | - Guy Bertrand
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Mark E. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
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9
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Shi S, Collins LR, Mahon MF, Djurovich PI, Thompson ME, Whittlesey MK. Synthesis and characterization of phosphorescent two-coordinate copper(i) complexes bearing diamidocarbene ligands. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:745-752. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04016k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
[(DAC)2Cu][BF4] (1) shows a high photoluminescence quantum efficiency (ΦPL) in the solid state and in solution under both N2 and O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Shi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | | | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | | | - Mark E. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
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10
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Collins LR, Rajabi NA, Macgregor SA, Mahon MF, Whittlesey MK. Experimental and Computational Studies of the Copper Borate Complexes [(NHC)Cu(HBEt3)] and [(NHC)Cu(HB(C6F5)3)]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee R. Collins
- Department of Chemistry; University of Bath; Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Nasir A. Rajabi
- Institute of Chemical Sciences; Heriot Watt University; Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
| | - Stuart A. Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences; Heriot Watt University; Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry; University of Bath; Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
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11
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Collins LR, Rajabi NA, Macgregor SA, Mahon MF, Whittlesey MK. Experimental and Computational Studies of the Copper Borate Complexes [(NHC)Cu(HBEt3)] and [(NHC)Cu(HB(C6F5)3)]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15539-15543. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee R. Collins
- Department of Chemistry; University of Bath; Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Nasir A. Rajabi
- Institute of Chemical Sciences; Heriot Watt University; Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
| | - Stuart A. Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences; Heriot Watt University; Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry; University of Bath; Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
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12
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Liberman-Martin AL, Ziegler MS, DiPasquale AG, Bergman RG, Tilley TD. Functionalization of an iridium–diamidocarbene complex by ligand-based reactions with titanocene and zirconocene sources. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Moerdyk JP, Schilter D, Bielawski CW. N,N'-Diamidocarbenes: Isolable Divalent Carbons with Bona Fide Carbene Reactivity. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:1458-68. [PMID: 27409520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Since the first reported isolation of a carbene just over a quarter century ago, the study of such compounds-including stable derivatives-has flourished. Indeed, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), of which imidazolylidenes and their derivatives are the most pervasive subclass, feature prominently in organocatalysis, as ligands for transition metal catalysts, and as stabilizers of reactive species. However, imidazolylidenes (and many other NHCs) typically lack the reactivity characteristic of electrophilic carbenes, including insertion into unactivated C-H bonds, participation in [2 + 1] cycloadditions, and reaction with carbon monoxide. This has led to debates over whether NHCs are truly carbenic in nature or perhaps better regarded as ylides. The fundamental and synthetic utility of transformations that involve electrophilic carbenes has motivated our group and others to expand the reactivity of NHCs and other stable carbenes to encompass electrophilic carbene chemistry. These efforts have led to the development of the diamidocarbenes (DACs), a stable and unique subset of the NHCs that feature carbonyl groups inserted into the N-heterocyclic scaffold. To date, crystalline five-, six-, and seven-membered DACs have been prepared and studied. Unlike imidazolylidenes, which are often designated as prototypical NHCs, the DACs exhibit a reactivity profile similar to that of bona fide carbenes, reactive species that are less "tamed" by heteroatom π conjugation. The DACs engage in [2 + 1] cycloadditions with electron-rich or -poor alkenes, aldehydes, alkynes, and nitriles, and doing so in a reversible manner in some cases. They also react with isonitriles, reversibly couple to CO, and mediate the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons. Such rich chemistry may be rationalized in terms of their ambiphilicity: DACs are nucleophilic, as required for some of the reactions above, yet also have electrophilic character, as evidenced by their insertions into unactivated N-H and C-H bonds, including nonacidic derivatives. As will become clear, such reactivity is unique among isolable carbenes. DAC chemistry is expected to find applications in synthesis, dynamic covalent chemistry, and catalysis. For example, the hydrolysis of DAC-derived diamidocyclopropanes and -propenes affords carboxylic acids and cyclopropenones, respectively. These new hydrocarboxylation and carbonylation methodologies are significant in that they represent alternatives to processes that typically involve precious metals and gaseous carbon monoxide. Future efforts in this area may involve modifications that transform the stoichiometric conversions facilitated by DACs into catalytic variants. In this context, the reversible binding of CO to DACs is an indication that the latter may serve as a blueprint for the development of more electrophilic, stable carbenes with the capacity to activate other challenging small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P. Moerdyk
- Department
of Chemistry, Seton Hill University, Greensburg, Pennsylvania 15601, United States
| | - David Schilter
- Center
for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic
Science (IBS), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Center
for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic
Science (IBS), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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14
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Gu S, Du J, Huang J, Xia H, Yang L, Xu W, Lu C. Bi- and trinuclear copper(I) complexes of 1,2,3-triazole-tethered NHC ligands: synthesis, structure, and catalytic properties. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:863-73. [PMID: 27340477 PMCID: PMC4901887 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of copper complexes (3–6) stabilized by 1,2,3-triazole-tethered N-heterocyclic carbene ligands have been prepared via simple reaction of imidazolium salts with copper powder in good yields. The structures of bi- and trinuclear copper complexes were fully characterized by NMR, elemental analysis (EA), and X-ray crystallography. In particular, [Cu2(L2)2](PF6)2 (3) and [Cu2(L3)2](PF6)2 (4) were dinuclear copper complexes. Complexes [Cu3(L4)2](PF6)3 (5) and [Cu3(L5)2](PF6)3 (6) consist of a triangular Cu3 core. These structures vary depending on the imidazolium backbone and N substituents. The copper–NHC complexes tested are highly active for the Cu-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction in an air atmosphere at room temperature in a CH3CN solution. Complex 4 is the most efficient catalyst among these polynuclear complexes in an air atmosphere at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojin Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiehao Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China; College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilin Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxin Lu
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, People's Republic of China
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15
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Hao W, Wei J, Chi Y, Walsh PJ, Xi Z. A DFT Study on the Conversion of Aryl Iodides to Alkyl Iodides: Reductive Elimination of R−I from Alkylpalladium Iodide Complexes with Accessible β-Hydrogens. Chemistry 2016; 22:3422-3429. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Yue Chi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Patrick J. Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories; Department of Chemistry; University of Pennsylvania; 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
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16
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Collins LR, Riddlestone IM, Mahon MF, Whittlesey MK. A Comparison of the Stability and Reactivity of Diamido‐ and Diaminocarbene Copper Alkoxide and Hydride Complexes. Chemistry 2015; 21:14075-84. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee R. Collins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225‐386‐231
| | - Ian M. Riddlestone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225‐386‐231
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225‐386‐231
| | - Michael K. Whittlesey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225‐386‐231
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17
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Collins LR, Hierlmeier G, Mahon MF, Riddlestone IM, Whittlesey MK. Unexpected Migratory Insertion Reactions of M(alkyl)
2
(M=Zn, Cd) and Diamidocarbenes. Chemistry 2015; 21:3215-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee R. Collins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225‐386‐231
| | - Gabriele Hierlmeier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225‐386‐231
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225‐386‐231
| | - Ian M. Riddlestone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225‐386‐231
| | - Michael K. Whittlesey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225‐386‐231
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18
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Liu B, Pan S, Liu B, Chen W. Di-, Tri-, and Tetranuclear Copper(I) Complexes of Phenanthroline-Linked Dicarbene Ligands. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:10485-97. [DOI: 10.1021/ic501544d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Xixi Campus, Hangzhou 310028, P. R. China
| | - Shanfei Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Xixi Campus, Hangzhou 310028, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Noble Metal Catalytic Materials and Technology, Hangzhou 310011, P. R. China
| | - Wanzhi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Xixi Campus, Hangzhou 310028, P. R. China
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19
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Collins LR, Rookes TM, Mahon MF, Riddlestone IM, Whittlesey MK. Use of Ring-Expanded Diamino- and Diamidocarbene Ligands in Copper Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne “Click” Reactions. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5004732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee R. Collins
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K
| | - Thomas M. Rookes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K
| | - Ian M. Riddlestone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K
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