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Hanson DS, Wang Y, Zhou X, Washburn E, Ekmekci MB, Dennis D, Paripati A, Xiao D, Zhou M. Catalytic Urea Synthesis from Ammonium Carbamate Using a Copper(II) Complex: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:5573-5589. [PMID: 33826330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of urea fertilizer is currently the largest CO2 conversion process by volume in the industry. In this process, ammonium carbamate is an intermediate en route to urea formation. We determined that the tetraammineaquacopper(II) sulfate complex, [Cu(NH3)4(OH2)]SO4, catalyzed the formation of urea from ammonium carbamate in an aqueous solution. A urea yield of up to 18 ± 6% was obtained at 120 °C after 15 h and in a high-pressure metal reactor. No significant urea formed without the catalyst. The urea product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and quantitative 1H{13C} NMR analyses. The [Cu(NH3)4(OH2)]SO4 catalyst was then recovered at the end of the reaction in a 29% recovery yield, as verified by FT-IR, PXRD, and quantitative UV-vis spectroscopy. A precipitation method using CO2 was developed to recover and reuse 66 ± 3% of Cu(II). The catalysis mechanism was investigated by the density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-31G** level with an SMD continuum solvent model. We determined that the [Cu(NH3)4]2+ complex is likely an effective catalyst structure. The study of the catalysis mechanism suggests that the coordinated carbamate with [Cu(NH3)4]2+ is likely the starting point of the catalyzed reaction, and carbamic acid can be involved as a transient intermediate that facilitates the removal of an OH group. Our work has paved the way for the rational design of catalysts for urea synthesis from the greenhouse gas CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S Hanson
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lawrence Technological University, 21000 West Ten Mile Road, Southfield, Michigan 48075, United States
| | - Yigui Wang
- Center for Integrative Materials Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Road, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Xinrui Zhou
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lawrence Technological University, 21000 West Ten Mile Road, Southfield, Michigan 48075, United States
| | - Erik Washburn
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lawrence Technological University, 21000 West Ten Mile Road, Southfield, Michigan 48075, United States
| | - Merve B Ekmekci
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lawrence Technological University, 21000 West Ten Mile Road, Southfield, Michigan 48075, United States
| | - Donovan Dennis
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lawrence Technological University, 21000 West Ten Mile Road, Southfield, Michigan 48075, United States
| | - Amay Paripati
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lawrence Technological University, 21000 West Ten Mile Road, Southfield, Michigan 48075, United States
| | - Dequan Xiao
- Center for Integrative Materials Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Road, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lawrence Technological University, 21000 West Ten Mile Road, Southfield, Michigan 48075, United States
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Properties of Protic Ionic Liquids Comprised of
N
‐Alkyldiethylenetriamine and Their Complexation of Copper(II) Ions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Hu Y, Shaw AP, Guan H, Norton JR, Sattler W, Rong Y. Synthesis and Resolution of Chiral Ruthenium Complexes Containing the 1-Me-3-PhCp Ligand. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Eastman Chemical Company, Kingsport, Tennessee 37662, United States
| | - Anthony P. Shaw
- Pyrotechnics
Technology and Prototyping Division, U.S. Army RDECOM-ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey 07806, United States
| | - Hairong Guan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Jack R. Norton
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Wesley Sattler
- Dow
Electronic Materials, The Dow Chemical Company, Marlborough, Massachusetts 01752, United States
| | - Yi Rong
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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A new approach to treating vibronic coupling under stress—The strain-induced enhancement or suppression of Jahn–Teller distortions in tetrahedral CuIICl4-complexes, and the transition to octahedral structures. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Wang F, Ahmed M. Sitting above the maze: recent model discoveries in molecular science. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2014.923570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ganesan A, Dreyer J, Wang F, Akola J, Larrucea J. Density functional study of Cu2+-phenylalanine complex under micro-solvation environment. J Mol Graph Model 2013; 45:180-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Structural and spectroscopic parameters of distortion in [Cu(bpy)2(O2SO2)]·CH3OH and [Cu(bpy)3][SO4]·7.5H2O – Synthesis, crystal structure, spectroscopic and magnetic properties. Polyhedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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García JJ, Zerecero-Silva P, Reyes-Rios G, Crestani MG, Arévalo A, Barrios-Francisco R. One-pot synthesis of imidazoles from aromatic nitriles with nickel catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10121-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13497c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juventino J García
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Interior, México City 04510, México.
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Wojciechowska A, Pietraszko A, Bronowska W, Staszak Z, Jezierska J, Cieślak-Golonka M. Geometric distortions of octahedral cations and tetrahedral anions in disordered [Cu(bpy)3]CrO4·7.5H2O crystal – A comparative study. Polyhedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wojciechowska A, Daszkiewicz M, Staszak Z, Boczar M, Jezierska J, Cieślak-Golonka M. Monodentate coordinated chromate(VI) ion in [Cu(phen)2OCrO3](phen)0.5·4H2O completing the square pyramidal geometry of the copper(II) in the solid state. Struct Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-009-9539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Hasanvand F, Hoseinzadeh A, Zolgharnein J, Amani S. Synthesis and characterization of two acetato-bridged dinuclear copper(II) complexes with 4-bromo-2-((4 or 6-methylpyridin-2-ylimino)methyl)phenol as ligand. J COORD CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00958970903330294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farshideh Hasanvand
- a Department of Chemistry , Arak University , Dr Beheshti Ave., Arak 38156, Iran
| | - Ali Hoseinzadeh
- a Department of Chemistry , Arak University , Dr Beheshti Ave., Arak 38156, Iran
| | - Javad Zolgharnein
- a Department of Chemistry , Arak University , Dr Beheshti Ave., Arak 38156, Iran
| | - Saeid Amani
- a Department of Chemistry , Arak University , Dr Beheshti Ave., Arak 38156, Iran
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Migdał-Mikuli A, Mikuli E, Hetmańczyk Ł, Ściesińska E, Ściesiński J. Phase transition and its connection with molecular motions in [Cu(NH3)5](BF4)2. J Mol Struct 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Migdał-Mikuli A, Mikuli E, Hetmańczyk Ł, Natkaniec I, Ściesińska E, Ściesiński J, Wróbel S. Phase transition, molecular motions, structural changes and low-frequency vibrations in [Cu(NH3)5](ClO4)2. Chem Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kilner CA, McInnes EJL, Leech MA, Beddard GS, Howard JAK, Mabbs FE, Collison D, Bridgeman AJ, Halcrow MA. A crystallographic, EPR and theoretical study of the Jahn–Teller distortion in [CuTp2] (Tp−= tris{pyrazol-1-yl}hydridoborate). Dalton Trans 2004:236-43. [PMID: 15356718 DOI: 10.1039/b312426f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystals of the title compound (1) contain two independent, centrosymmetric half-molecules per asymmetric unit. While both of these show Jahn-Teller elongated six-coordinate geometries, the lengths of the elongated Cu-N bonds in the two molecules differ by 0.117(2) A at 30 K. The structure of one of these molecules (molecule A) does not vary with temperature below 350 K. The other molecule (molecule B) shows Cu-N bond lengths that are temperature-dependent between 225 and 375 K, but do not vary further at lower temperature. This indicates a fluxional axis of Jahn-Teller elongation in this molecule at these higher temperatures. Consideration of the thermal parameters in these structures implies that the fluxionality in molecule B is frozen out near 150 K. This conclusion is supported by a Q-band powder EPR study. The d-d transition energies of molecules A and B have been calculated by several density function (DF) methods, including a time-dependent DF calculation. The crystallographic data have been reproduced using the vibronic coupling model of Burgi and Hitchman. This has shown that the different fluxionality regimes for molecules A and B are not a consequence of their different static molecular structures, but rather reflect their different local environments in the crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin A Kilner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Pranowo HD, Rode BM. Solvation of Cu2+ in Liquid Ammonia: Monte Carlo Simulation Including Three-Body Corrections. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp990264b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harno D. Pranowo
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernd M. Rode
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Tümer M, Köksal H, Serin S. Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Studies of Mononuclear and Binuclear Complexes of Copper(II) with Schiff Bases Derived from 1-Phenyl-2,3-dimethyl-4-amino-5-pyrazolone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/00945719608005149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Valli M, Matsuo S, Wakita H, Yamaguchi T, Nomura M. Solvation of Copper(II) Ions in Liquid Ammonia. Inorg Chem 1996; 35:5642-5645. [PMID: 11666757 DOI: 10.1021/ic960475k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements have been performed at -50 degrees C on a 0.4 mol dm(-)(3) copper(II) nitrate solution in liquid ammonia. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy was used to determine the coordination number and bond distances for the solvated copper(II) ion in solution. The equatorial ammonia nitrogens are located 2.00 Å from the copper and the axial nitrogen 2.19 Å from the copper. However, it was not possible from the EXAFS analysis alone to conclude whether there was one or two axial nitrogens. Therefore, X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy was combined with discrete variational Xalpha (DV-Xalpha) molecular orbital calculations for a series of five- and six-coordinated models to determine the coordination number and the geometry. The experimental XANES spectrum was best reproduced by a model where the copper(II) ion is pentacoordinated in liquid ammonia in a square pyramidal geometry with the copper(II) ion lifted above the average nitrogen plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Valli
- Department of Chemistry, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-80, Japan
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Synthesis, characterization and physicochemical studies of some Copper(II) tetrathiocyanato dithallate(I) complexes with hydrazides and hydrazones. Polyhedron 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(00)84728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Johnson DW, Mayer HK, Minard JP, Banaticla J, Miller C. Copper(II) complexes with Schiff base ligands. Synthesis of some copper(II) complexes with ligands derived from the reaction of pyridine-2-carboxaldehydes and aromatic amines. Inorganica Chim Acta 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)86281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Yamaguchi T, Ohtaki H. X-Ray Diffraction Studies on the Structures of Tetra- and Higherammine Complexes of Copper(II) Ion in Aqueous Solution. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1979. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.52.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Nguyen Dinh Phung, Tedenac JC, Maurin M. Stéréochimie du Ni(II) et du Cu(II) dans les sulfates et fluoroberyllates complexes d'imidazole et de pyrazole. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(76)80222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Trapp C, Shyr C. Paramagnetic Resonance in Transition‐Metal Hexammine Complexes. I The Ni(II)(NH3)6 Complex Ion. J Chem Phys 1971. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1674593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Baglio J, Vaughan P. The structures of the tetraamminecopper(II)dihalocuprates(I) II. The structures of Cu(NH3)4(CuBr2)2 and Cu(NH3)4(CuCl2)2·H2O. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(70)80060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Electron Spin Resonance of Transition Metal Complexes. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND RADIOCHEMISTRY 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2792(08)60336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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30
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Chakravorty A, Kannan T. Electronic spectra of pyrrole-2-aldimine chelates of bivalent copper—I. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1967. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(67)80212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Shupack S. Molecular orbital theory for metal-ammine complexes. I. [Cu(NH3)6]2+, [Cu(NH3)4]2+ and [Ni(NH3)6]2+. Inorganica Chim Acta 1967. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)93219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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