Metalloporphyrinic Framework Containing Multiple Pores for Highly Efficient and Selective Epoxidation

A new type of heterogeneous catalysis strategy for organic reactions: Ugi-3CR catalyzed by highly stable MOFs with exposed carboxyl groups

A mild and highly efficient Ugi-3CR using a novel Cu-COOH@MOF-6 as the catalyst has been developed, which provides facile access to α-amino amides. The recycling test and XRD images showed that the catalytic system has good stability and recyclability.

Recent Advances in the Application of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Polymerization and Oligomerization Reactions

Polymers have become one of the major types of materials that are essential in our daily life. The controlled synthesis of value-added polymers with unique mechanical and chemical properties have attracted broad research interest. Metal–organic framework (MOF) is a class of porous material with immense structural diversity which offers unique advantages for catalyzing polymerization and oligomerization reactions including the uniformity of the catalytic active site, and the templating effect of the nano-sized channels. We summarized in this review the important recent progress in the field of MOF-catalyzed and MOF-templated polymerizations, to reveal the chemical principle and structural aspects of these systems and hope to inspire the future design of novel polymerization systems with improved activity and specificity.

Electron transfer in the confined environments of metal–organic coordination supramolecular systems

In this review, we overview regulatory factors and diverse applications of electron transfer in confined environments of supramolecular host–guest systems.

A series of robust metal-porphyrinic frameworks based on rare earth clusters and their application in N-H carbene insertion

We herein report a series of microporous metal-porphyrinic frameworks (MPFs), denoted as NUPF-2M, based on rare earth (RE) clusters. NUPF-2M represent the first examples of RE cluster-based MPFs, possessing a rarely seen shp-a topology and exhibiting high thermal and thermal stabilities. After a post-metallization process with FeCl₃, NUPF-2M is catalytically active as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for intermolecular N-H carbene insertion.

Incorporation of Molecular Catalysts in Metal-Organic Frameworks for Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysis

Porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are built from periodically alternate organic moieties and metal ions/clusters. The unique features of the open framework structures, the high surface areas, the permanent porosity, and the appropriate hydrophilic and hydrophobic pore nature mean that MOF materials are a class of ideal host matrices for immobilization of molecular catalysts. The emerging porous materials can not only retain but are also able to enhance the catalytic functions of the single individuals. MOF catalysts have the following super characters: i) uniformly dispersed catalytic sites on the pore surfaces to improve the utility, ii) appropriate hydrophilic and hydrophobic pore nature to facilitate the recognition and transportation of reactant and product molecules, iii) a collaborative microenvironment to realize synergistic catalysis, and iv) simple separation and recovery for long-term usage. Accompanying the development of the synthetic strategies and the technologies for the characterization of MOF materials, MOF catalysis has undergone an upsurge, which has transcended the stage of opportunism. Here, the rational design and synthesis of MOF catalysts are discussed, along with the key factors of active sites, microenvironments, and transmission channels that lead to the distinct catalytic properties of MOF catalysts.

Two New Copper Borates with Mesoscale Cubic Supramolecular Cages Assembled from {Cu4 @B20 } Clusters

Two new copper borates, namely H₆ [(μ₄ -O)Cu₄ @B₂₀ O₃₂ (OH)₈ ]⋅25 H₂ O (1) and H₆ [(μ₄ -O)Cu₄ @B₂₀ O₃₂ (OH)₈ ]⋅34 H₂ O⋅8 H₃ BO₃ (2), with 3D supramolecular framework have been made under solvothermal conditions, which built by novel cubic supramolecular cages with mesoscale cavities via the H-bondings. Interestingly, the cage is assembled by [(μ₄ -O)Cu₄ @B₂₀ O₃₂ (OH)₈ ] ({Cu₄ @B₂₀ }) cluster units with different point-group symmetry. Owing to extra H₃ BO₃ molecules participated in building the supramolecular framework, 2 has a larger cubic cage size and higher non-framework volume, leading to the cage size extended to mesoporous size set as a version of ''1 plus".

Highly Stable Mesoporous Zirconium Porphyrinic Frameworks with Distinct Flexibility

The construction of highly stable metal-porphyrinic frameworks (MPFs) is appealing as these materials offer great opportunities for applications in artificial light-harvesting systems, gas storage, heterogeneous catalysis, etc. Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel mesoporous metal-porphyrinic framework (denoted as NUPF-1) and its catalytic properties. NUPF-1 is constructed from a new porphyrin linker and a Zr6 O8 structural building unit, possessing an unprecedented doubly interpenetrating scu net. The structure exhibits not only remarkable chemical and thermal stabilities, but also a distinct structural flexibility, which is seldom seen in metal-organic framework (MOF) materials. By the merit of high chemical stability, NUPF-1 could be easily post-metallized with [Ru3 (CO)12 ], and the resulting {NUPF-1-RuCO} is catalytically active as a heterogeneous catalyst for intermolecular C(sp(3) )-H amination. Excellent yields and good recyclability for amination of small substrates with various organic azides have been achieved.

Ameliorated synthetic methodology for crystalline lanthanoid–metalloporphyrin open frameworks based on a multitopic octacarboxy-porphyrin scaffold: structural, gas sorption and photophysical properties

A novel synthetic methodology has been applied to obtain sizeable single crystals of wide-pore porphyrin-based MOFs.

Metal organic frameworks mimicking natural enzymes: a structural and functional analogy

In this review, we have portrayed the structure, synthesis and applications of a variety of biomimetic MOFs from an unprecedented angle.

Porphyrinic metal–organic frameworks from custom-designed porphyrins

This paper highlights porphyrinic metal–organic frameworks (porph-MOFs) assembled from metal ions and custom-designed porphyrins: pyridyl-based, carboxyphenyl-based porphyrins and other custom-designed porphyrins.

A robust indium–porphyrin framework for CO2 capture and chemical transformation

A robust indium–porphyrin framework based on amido-decorated porphyrin ligands is used for CO₂ capture and chemical fixation, showing good catalytic activity and recyclability.

Hydrogen bond-directed encapsulation of metalloporphyrin into the microcages of zeolite imidazolate frameworks for synergistic biomimetic catalysis

In efforts to replicate the 3D model and desirable function of haemoglobin, the zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) was delineated for an ideal host matrix to accommodate custom-designed porphyrin molecules via hydrogen bonding.

Metal-organic frameworks: versatile heterogeneous catalysts for efficient catalytic organic transformations

Novel catalytic materials are highly demanded to perform a variety of catalytic organic reactions. MOFs combine the benefits of heterogeneous catalysis like easy post reaction separation, catalyst reusability, high stability and homogeneous catalysis such as high efficiency, selectivity, controllability and mild reaction conditions. The possible organization of active centers like metallic nodes, organic linkers, and their chemical synthetic functionalization on the nanoscale shows potential to build up MOFs particularly modified for catalytic challenges. In this review, we have summarized the recent research progress in heterogeneous catalysis by MOFs and their catalytic behavior in various organic reactions, highlighting the key features of MOFs as catalysts based on the active sites in the framework. Examples of their post functionalization, inclusion of active guest species and metal nanoparticles have been discussed. Finally, the use of MOFs as catalysts for asymmetric heterogeneous catalysis and stability of MOFs has been presented as separate sections.

Porphyrin-based mixed-valent Ag(i)/Ag(ii) and Cu(i)/Cu(ii) networks as efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the azide-alkyne "click" reaction and promising oxidation of ethylbenzene

By using a new porphyrin-based linker, two unusual mixed-valent Ag(i,ii)- and Cu(i,ii)-organic networks were synthesized. Most strikingly, 1 and 2 exhibit highly efficient catalytic activities for the azide-alkyne "click" reaction and oxidation of ethylbenzene.

Recent developments in metal-metalloporphyrin frameworks

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based on porphyrin or metalloporphyrin components are of particular interest due to their potential applications in molecular sorption, light-harvesting, and heterogeneous catalysis. This perspective is focused on recent advances in the syntheses and functional properties of metal-metalloporphyrin frameworks, which are classified according to coordination moieties on the porphyrin ligands.

Crystal structure, magnetic and catalytic oxidation properties of manganese(iii) tetrakis(ethoxycarbonyl)porphyrin

5,10,15,20-tetrakis(ethoxycarbonyl)porphyrin manganese(iii) chloride (Mn^IIITECPCl) existed as a Mn–O coordinated dimer. Mn^IIITECPCl gave high yield in oxidation of styrene by using TBHP or PhIO oxidant and was found recyclable.

Synthesis, spectroscopic, electrochemical redox, solvatochromism and anion binding properties of β-tetra- and -octaphenylethynyl substituted meso-tetraphenylporphyrins

β-Phenylethynyl (PE) porphyrins exhibited unique photophysical properties and solvatochromic behavior due to ICT from the porphyrin core to PE moieties. Further, Zn(ii) porphyrins were utilized for anion sensing.

Electron deficient nonplanar β-octachlorovanadylporphyrin as a highly efficient and selective epoxidation catalyst for olefins

Highly electron deficient and nonplanar β-octachlorovanadylporphyrin (VOTPPCl₈) was synthesized and utilized for selective epoxidation of olefins with very high TOF numbers (6566-9650 h⁻¹).

Rational construction of metal–organic frameworks for heterogeneous catalysis

The recently developed strategies on designed synthesis of porous metal–organic framework catalysts and their interesting catalytic properties are summarized in this short review.