1
|
Nguyen JQ, Wedal JC, Ziller JW, Furche F, Evans WJ. Investigating Steric and Electronic Effects in the Synthesis of Square Planar 6d 1 Th(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:6217-6230. [PMID: 38502000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The factors affecting the formation and crystal structures of unusual 6d1 Th(III) square planar aryloxide complexes, as exemplified by [Th(OArMe)4]1- (OArMe = OC6H2tBu2-2,6-Me-4), were explored by synthetic and reduction studies of a series of related Th(IV) tetrakis(aryloxide) complexes, Th(OArR)4 (OArR = OC6H2tBu2-2,6-R-4). Specifically, electronic, steric, and countercation effects were explored by varying the aryloxide ligand, the alkali metal reducing agent, and the alkali metal chelating agent. Salt metathesis reactions between ThBr4(DME)2 (DME = 1,2-dimethoxyethane) and 4 equiv of the appropriate potassium aryloxide salt were used to prepare a series of Th(IV) aryloxide complexes in high yields: Th(OArH)4 (OArH = OC6H3tBu2-2,6), Th(OArtBu)4 (OArtBu = OC6H2tBu3-2,4,6), Th(OArOMe)4 (OArOMe = OC6H2tBu2-2,6-OMe-4), and Th(OArPh)4 (OArPh = OC6H2tBu2-2,6-Ph-4). Th(OArH)4 can be reduced by KC8, Na, or Li in the absence or presence of 2.2.2-cryptand (crypt) or 18-crown-6 (crown) to form dark purple solutions that have EPR and UV-visible spectra similar to those of the square planar Th(III) complex, [Th(OArMe)4]1-. Hence, the para position of the aryloxide ligand does not have to be alkylated to obtain the Th(III) complexes. Furthermore, reduction of Th(OArOMe)4, Th(OArtBu)4, and Th(OArPh)4 with KC8 in THF generated purple solutions with EPR and UV-visible spectra that are similar to those of the previously reported Th(III) anion, [Th(OArMe)4]1-. Although many of these reduction reactions did not produce single crystals suitable for study by X-ray diffraction, reduction of Th(OArH)4, Th(OArtBu)4, and Th(OArOMe)4 with Li provided X-ray quality crystals whose structures had square planar coordination geometries. Reduction of Th(OArPh)4 with Li also gave a product with EPR and UV-visible spectra that matched those of [Th(OArMe)4]1-, but X-ray quality crystals of the reduction product were too unstable to provide data. Neither Th(Odipp)4(THF)2 (Odipp = OC6H3iPr2-2,6) nor Th(Odmp)4(THF)2 (Odmp = OC6H3Me2-2,6) could be reduced to Th(III) products under similar conditions. Reduction of U(OArH)3(THF) with KC8 in the presence of 2.2.2-cryptand (crypt) was examined for comparison and formed [K(crypt)][U(OArH)4], which has a tetrahedral arrangement of the aryloxide ligands. Moreover, no further reduction was observed when either [K(crypt)][U(OArH)4] or [K(crown)(THF)2][U(OArH)4] were treated with KC8 or Li.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Q Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Justin C Wedal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Filipp Furche
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Queen JD, Anderson-Sanchez LM, Stennett CR, Rajabi A, Ziller JW, Furche F, Evans WJ. Synthesis of Crystallographically Characterizable Bis(cyclopentadienyl) Sc(II) Complexes: (C 5H 2tBu 3) 2Sc and {[C 5H 3(SiMe 3) 2] 2ScI} 1. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3279-3292. [PMID: 38264991 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of previously unknown bis(cyclopentadienyl) complexes of the first transition metal, i.e., Sc(II) scandocene complexes, has been investigated using C5H2(tBu)3 (Cpttt), C5Me5 (Cp*), and C5H3(SiMe3)2 (Cp″) ligands. Cpttt2ScI, 1, formed from ScI3 and KCpttt, can be reduced with potassium graphite (KC8) in hexanes to generate dark-red crystals of the first crystallographically characterizable bis(cyclopentadienyl) scandium(II) complex, Cpttt2Sc, 2. Complex 2 has a 170.6° (ring centroid)-Sc-(ring centroid) angle and exhibits an eight-line EPR spectrum characteristic of Sc(II) with Aiso = 82.6 MHz (29.6 G). It sublimes at 200 °C at 10-4 Torr and has a melting point of 268-271 °C. Reductions of Cp*2ScI and Cp″2ScI under analogous conditions in hexanes did not provide new Sc(II) complexes, and reduction of Cp*2ScI in benzene formed the Sc(III) phenyl complex, Cp*2Sc(C6H5), 3, by C-H bond activation. However, in Et2O and toluene, reduction of Cp*2ScI at -78 °C gives a dark-red solution, 4, which displays an eight-line EPR pattern like that of 1, but it did not provide thermally stable crystals. Reduction of Cp″2ScI, in THF or Et2O at -35 °C in the presence of 2.2.2-cryptand, yields the green Sc(II) metallocene iodide complex, [K(crypt)][Cp″2ScI], 5, which was identified by X-ray crystallography and EPR spectroscopy and is thermally unstable. The analogous reaction of Cp*2ScI with KC8 and 18-crown-6 in Et2O gave the ligand redistribution product, [Cp*2Sc(18-crown-6-κ2O,O')][Cp*2ScI2], 6, as the only crystalline product. Density functional theory calculations on the electronic structure of these compounds are reported in addition to a steric analysis using the Guzei method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Queen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | | | - Cary R Stennett
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Ahmadreza Rajabi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Filipp Furche
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Errulat D, Harriman KLM, Gálico DA, Kitos AA, Mansikkamäki A, Murugesu M. A trivalent 4f complex with two bis-silylamide ligands displaying slow magnetic relaxation. Nat Chem 2023:10.1038/s41557-023-01208-y. [PMID: 37231297 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The best-performing single-molecule magnets (SMMs) have historically relied on pseudoaxial ligands delocalized across several coordinated atoms. This coordination environment has been found to elicit strong magnetic anisotropy, but lanthanide-based SMMs with low coordination numbers have remained synthetically elusive species. Here we report a cationic 4f complex bearing only two bis-silylamide ligands, Yb(III)[{N(SiMePh2)2}2][Al{OC(CF3)3}4], which exhibits slow relaxation of its magnetization. The combination of the bulky silylamide ligands and weakly coordinating [Al{OC(CF3)3}4]- anion provides a sterically hindered environment that suitably stabilizes the pseudotrigonal geometry necessary to elicit strong ground-state magnetic anisotropy. The resolution of the mJ states by luminescence spectroscopy is supported by ab initio calculations, which show a large ground-state splitting of approximately 1,850 cm-1. These results provide a facile route to access a bis-silylamido Yb(III) complex, and further underline the desirability of axially coordinated ligands with well-localized charges for high-performing SMMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Errulat
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katie L M Harriman
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diogo A Gálico
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandros A Kitos
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Contrasting behaviour under pressure reveals the reasons for pyramidalization in tris(amido)uranium(III) and tris(arylthiolate) uranium(III) molecules. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3931. [PMID: 35798750 PMCID: PMC9262880 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A range of reasons has been suggested for why many low-coordinate complexes across the periodic table exhibit a geometry that is bent, rather a higher symmetry that would best separate the ligands. The dominating reason or reasons are still debated. Here we show that two pyramidal UX3 molecules, in which X is a bulky anionic ligand, show opposite behaviour upon pressurisation in the solid state. UN″3 (UN3, N″ = N(SiMe3)2) increases in pyramidalization between ambient pressure and 4.08 GPa, while U(SAr)3 (US3, SAr = S-C6H2-tBu3−2,4,6) undergoes pressure-induced planarization. This capacity for planarization enables the use of X-ray structural and computational analyses to explore the four hypotheses normally put forward for this pyramidalization. The pyramidality of UN3, which increases with pressure, is favoured by increased dipole and reduction in molecular volume, the two factors outweighing the slight increase in metal-ligand agostic interactions that would be formed if it was planar. The ambient pressure pyramidal geometry of US3 is favoured by the induced dipole moment and agostic bond formation but these are weaker drivers than in UN3; the pressure-induced planarization of US3 is promoted by the lower molecular volume of US3 when it is planar compared to when it is pyramidal. The reasons for which many low-coordinate complexes exhibit bent geometry, rather than a higher symmetry, are still under debate. Here, the authors use high-pressure crystallography to examine whether low-coordinate f-block molecules become more planar or pyramidal under pressure; which happens is dictated by the dipole moment of the complex and the volume of the planar form.
Collapse
|
5
|
Tanaka S, Konishi M, Imoto H, Nakamura Y, Ishida M, Furuta H, Naka K. Fundamental Study on Arsenic(III) Halides (AsX 3; X = Br, I) toward the Construction of C3-Symmetrical Monodentate Arsenic Ligands. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:9587-9593. [PMID: 32515950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic ligands have attracted considerable attention in coordination chemistry. Arsenic(III) halides are the most important starting materials in the preparation of monodentate arsenic ligands. In this work, we optimized the synthetic methodologies of arsenic(III) halides (AsX3; X = Br, I) and examined the difference of their physical properties such as solubility to organic solvent and reactivity to nucleophiles. In addition, a wide variety of monodentate arsenic ligands were prepared with the obtained AsX3. Finally, the obtained monodentate arsenic ligands were utilized for copper-free Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction in the reaction system with porphyrin. The results showed that monodentate arsenic ligands have higher catalytic activity compared with triphenylphosphine because of the difference of the electronic features of lone pairs between arsenic and phosphorus atoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Tanaka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Masafumi Konishi
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yuma Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Moehring SA, Ziller JW, Evans WJ. Rare-earth complexes of the asymmetric amide ligands, N(SiMe3)Ph and N(SiMe3)Cy. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
7
|
Haddow MF, Newland RJ, Tegner BE, Mansell SM. Reversible temperature-induced polymorphic phase transitions of [Y(OAr) 3] and [Ce(OAr) 3] (Ar = 2,6- tBu 2-4-MeC 6H 2): interconversions between pyramidal and planar geometries. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00184k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the balance of energetics between planar and pyramidal forms of [Y(O-2,6-tBu2-4-MePh)3] and related complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mairi F. Haddow
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | | | - Bengt E. Tegner
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Koby RF, Hanusa TP. Dispersion and distortion in heavy group 2 and lanthanide decamethylmetallocenes: The (C5Me5)2(Sr,Sm) connection. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
9
|
Goodwin CAP, Chilton NF, Natrajan LS, Boulon ME, Ziller JW, Evans WJ, Mills DP. Investigation into the Effects of a Trigonal-Planar Ligand Field on the Electronic Properties of Lanthanide(II) Tris(silylamide) Complexes (Ln = Sm, Eu, Tm, Yb). Inorg Chem 2017; 56:5959-5970. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Conrad A. P. Goodwin
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Nicholas F. Chilton
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Louise S. Natrajan
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | | | - Joseph W. Ziller
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - William J. Evans
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - David P. Mills
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Harmgarth N, Liebing P, Zörner F, Silinskas M, Burte EP, Edelmann FT. Synthesis and Crystal Structures of the First Antimony(III) Aziridinides. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:4267-4270. [PMID: 28345886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first antimony(III) aziridinyl derivatives are reported. Treatment of anhydrous SbCl3 with N-lithioaziridine Li(Azn) (Azn = NC2H4) afforded the structurally unique heterobimetallic lithium/antimony(III) amide complex [Li3Sb(μ3-Cl)2(μ-Azn)4(THF)2]∞ (1). Homoleptic Sb2(Azn)6 (2) has become available for the first time through an amide group exchange reaction between Sb(NMe2)3 and 3 equiv of aziridine. The low-melting Sb2(Azn)6 exhibits a "weak dimer" structure in the crystal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Harmgarth
- Chemisches Institut der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität , Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Phil Liebing
- Chemisches Institut der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität , Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Florian Zörner
- Chemisches Institut der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität , Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mindaugas Silinskas
- Institut für Mikro- und Sensorsysteme, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität , Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Edmund P Burte
- Institut für Mikro- und Sensorsysteme, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität , Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank T Edelmann
- Chemisches Institut der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität , Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Coles MP. The role of the bis-trimethylsilylamido ligand, [N{SiMe3}2]−, in main group chemistry. Part 2: Structural chemistry of the metallic p-block elements. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
12
|
Guo JD, Nagase S, Power PP. Dispersion Force Effects on the Dissociation of “Jack-in-the-Box” Diphosphanes and Diarsanes. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Dong Guo
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-Nishihiraki-cho 34-4, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-Nishihiraki-cho 34-4, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Philip P. Power
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Goodwin CAP, Joslin KC, Lockyer SJ, Formanuik A, Morris GA, Ortu F, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ, Mills DP. Homoleptic Trigonal Planar Lanthanide Complexes Stabilized by Superbulky Silylamide Ligands. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om501123e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Conrad A. P. Goodwin
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Kristian C. Joslin
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Selena J. Lockyer
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Alasdair Formanuik
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Gareth A. Morris
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Fabrizio Ortu
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | | | - David P. Mills
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| |
Collapse
|