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Abstract
Cobalt-NHC complexes have emerged as an attractive class of 3d transition metal catalysts for a broad range of chemical processes, including cross-coupling, hydrogenation, hydrofunctionalization and cycloaddition reactions. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of catalytic methods utilizing cobalt-NHC complexes with a focus on catalyst structure, the role of the NHC ligand, properties of the catalytic system, mechanism and synthetic utility. The survey clearly suggests that the recent emergence of well-defined cobalt-NHC catalysts may have a tremendous utility in the design and application of catalytic reactions using more abundant 3d transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Sekhar Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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2
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Weller R, Gonzalez A, Gottschling H, Hänisch C, Werncke CG. NHC‐Stabilized Parent Phosphinidene Adducts of Metal(II) Hexamethyldisilazanides of Manganese – Cobalt and Their Lability in Solution. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Weller
- Department of Chemistry Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 D-35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Andres Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 D-35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Hannah Gottschling
- Department of Chemistry Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 D-35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Carsten Hänisch
- Department of Chemistry Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 D-35032 Marburg Germany
| | - C. Gunnar Werncke
- Department of Chemistry Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 D-35032 Marburg Germany
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3
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Zanders D, Boysen N, Land MA, Obenlüneschloß J, Masuda JD, Mallick B, Barry ST, Devi A. Co(II) Amide, Pyrrolate, and Aminopyridinate Complexes: Assessment of their Manifold Structural Chemistry and Thermal Properties**. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Zanders
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 Bochum 44801 Germany
- Department of Chemistry Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Nils Boysen
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 Bochum 44801 Germany
| | - Michael A. Land
- Department of Chemistry Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Jorit Obenlüneschloß
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 Bochum 44801 Germany
| | - Jason D. Masuda
- Department of Chemistry Saint Mary's University 923 Robie Street Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 3C3 Canada
| | - Bert Mallick
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 Bochum 44801 Germany
| | - Seán T. Barry
- Department of Chemistry Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Anjana Devi
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 Bochum 44801 Germany
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4
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Indris S, Bredow T, Schwarz B, Eichhöfer A. Paramagnetic 7Li NMR Shifts and Magnetic Properties of Divalent Transition Metal Silylamide Ate Complexes [LiM{N(SiMe 3) 2} 3] (M 2+ = Mn, Fe, Co). Inorg Chem 2021; 61:554-567. [PMID: 34931842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
7Li NMR shifts and magnetic properties have been determined for three so-called ate complexes [LiM{N(SiMe3)2}3] (M2+ = Mn, Fe, Co; e.g., named lithium-tris(bis(trimethylsilylamide))-manganate(II) in accordance with a formally negative charge assigned to the complex fragment [M{N(SiMe3)2}3]-, which comprises the transition metal). They are formed by addition reactions of LiN(SiMe3)2 and [M{N(SiMe3)2}2] and stabilized by Lewis base/Lewis acid interactions. The results are compared to those of the related "ion-separated" complexes [Li(15-crown-5)][M{N(SiMe3)2}3]. The ate complexes with the lithium atoms connected to the 3d metal atoms manganese, iron, or cobalt via μ2 nitrogen bridges reveal strong 7Li NMR paramagnetic shifts of about -75, 125, and 171 ppm, respectively, whereas the shifts for the lithium ions coordinated by the 15-crown-5 ether are close to zero. The observed trends of the 7Li NMR shifts are confirmed by density-functional theory calculations. The magnetic dc and ac properties display distinct differences for the six compounds under investigation. Both manganese compounds, [LiMn{N(SiMe3)2}3] and [Li(15-crown-5)][Mn{N(SiMe3)2}3], display almost pure and ideal spin-only paramagnetic behavior of a 3d5 high-spin complex. In this respect slightly unexpected, both complexes show slow relaxation behavior at low temperatures under applied dc fields, which is especially pronounced for the ate complex [LiMn{N(SiMe3)2}3]. Dc magnetic properties of the iron complexes reveal moderate g-factor anisotropies with small values of the axial magnetic anisotropy parameter D and a larger E (transversal anisotropy). Both complexes display at low temperatures and, under external dc fields of up to 5000 Oe, only weak ac signals with no maxima in the frequency range from 1 to 1500 s-1. In contrast, the two cobalt complexes display strong g-factor anisotropies with large values of D and E. In addition, in both cases, the ac measurements at low temperatures and applied dc fields reveal two, in terms of their frequency range, well separated relaxation processes with maxima lying for the most part outside of the measurement range between 1 and 1500 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvio Indris
- Institute for Applied Materials - Energy Storage Systems (IAM-ESS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Thomas Bredow
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Björn Schwarz
- Institute for Applied Materials - Energy Storage Systems (IAM-ESS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Andreas Eichhöfer
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus Nord, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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5
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Weller R, Völlinger L, Werncke CG. On the Synthesis and Reduction of Trigonal Halido Bis(silylamido) Metalates of Chromium to Cobalt. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Weller
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Lena Völlinger
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - C. Gunnar Werncke
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
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6
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Grineva AA, Filippov OA, Canac Y, Sortais JB, Nefedov SE, Lugan N, César V, Valyaev DA. Experimental and Theoretical Insights into the Electronic Properties of Anionic N-Heterocyclic Dicarbenes through the Rational Synthesis of Their Transition Metal Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:4015-4025. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alina A. Grineva
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Oleg A. Filippov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS), Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov str., GSP-1, B-334, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklay Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Sortais
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Sergei E. Nefedov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Noël Lugan
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Vincent César
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Dmitry A. Valyaev
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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7
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Chernyshev VM, Denisova EA, Eremin DB, Ananikov VP. The key role of R-NHC coupling (R = C, H, heteroatom) and M-NHC bond cleavage in the evolution of M/NHC complexes and formation of catalytically active species. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6957-6977. [PMID: 33133486 PMCID: PMC7553045 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02629h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Complexes of metals with N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (M/NHC) are typically considered the systems of choice in homogeneous catalysis due to their stable metal-ligand framework. However, it becomes obvious that even metal species with a strong M-NHC bond can undergo evolution in catalytic systems, and processes of M-NHC bond cleavage are common for different metals and NHC ligands. This review is focused on the main types of the M-NHC bond cleavage reactions and their impact on activity and stability of M/NHC catalytic systems. For the first time, we consider these processes in terms of NHC-connected and NHC-disconnected active species derived from M/NHC precatalysts and classify them as fundamentally different types of catalysts. Problems of rational catalyst design and sustainability issues are discussed in the context of the two different types of M/NHC catalysis mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Chernyshev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) , Prosveschenya 132 , Novocherkassk , 346428 , Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Denisova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Prospect 47 , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry B Eremin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Prospect 47 , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
- The Bridge@USC , University of Southern California , 1002 Childs Way , Los Angeles , California 90089-3502 , USA
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) , Prosveschenya 132 , Novocherkassk , 346428 , Russia
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Prospect 47 , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
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8
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Merschel A, Rottschäfer D, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Ghadwal RS. Quantifying the Electronic and Steric Properties of 1,3-Imidazole-Based Mesoionic Carbenes (iMICs). Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Merschel
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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9
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Kneusels NJH, Münzer JE, Flosdorf K, Jiang D, Neumüller B, Zhao L, Eichhöfer A, Frenking G, Kuzu I. Double donation in trigonal planar iron-carbodiphosphorane complexes - a concise study on their spectroscopic and electronic properties. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:2537-2546. [PMID: 32022052 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04725e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We present the syntheses of trigonal planar coordinated Fe(ii) carbodiphosphorane (CDPR) complexes, starting from iron(ii)-bis(trimethylsilylamide) [Fe{N(SiMe3)2}2] and hexaphenyl-(CDPPh) and sym-dimethyltetraphenyl-carbodiphosphoranes (CDPMe), respectively. Both complexes [CDPPh-Fe{N(SiMe3)2}2] (1) and [CDPMe-Fe{N(SiMe3)2}2] (2) were examined in solution and in the solid state. 1 shows a dissociation equilibrium in solution which we monitored by variable temperature 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Magnetic measurements of 1 and 2 yielded a high spin configuration (S = 2) for both complexes. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to analyze the bonding situation in compound 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nis-Julian H Kneusels
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Jörn E Münzer
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Kimon Flosdorf
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Bernhard Neumüller
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Andreas Eichhöfer
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Campus Nord, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. and Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Istemi Kuzu
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
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10
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Peters M, Baabe D, Maekawa M, Bockfeld D, Zaretzke MK, Tamm M, Walter MD. Pogo-Stick Iron and Cobalt Complexes: Synthesis, Structures, and Magnetic Properties. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:16475-16486. [PMID: 31769666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, structures, and magnetic properties of monomeric half-sandwich iron and cobalt imidazolin-2-iminato complexes have been comprehensively investigated. Salt metathesis reactions of [Cp'M(μ-I)]2 (1-M, M = Fe, Co; Cp' = η5-1,2,4-tri-tert-butylcyclopentadienyl) with [ImDippNLi]2 (ImDippN = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-iminato) furnishes the terminal half-sandwich compounds [Cp'M(NImDipp)] (2-M, M = Fe, Co), which can be regarded as models for elusive half-sandwich iron and cobalt imido complexes. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the structure motif of a one-legged piano stool. Complex 2-Co can also be prepared by an acid-base reaction between [Cp'Co{N(SiMe3)2}] (3-Co) and ImDippNH. The electronic and magnetic properties of 2-M and 3-Co were probed by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy (M = Fe), X-band EPR spectroscopy (M = Co), and solid-state magnetic susceptibility measurements. In particular, the central metal atom adopts a high-spin (S = 2) state in 2-Fe, while the cobalt complex 2-Co represents a rare example of a Co(II) species with a coordination number different from six displaying a low-spin to high-spin spin-crossover (SCO) behavior. The experimental observations are complemented by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Peters
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Hagenring 30 , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Dirk Baabe
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Hagenring 30 , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Miyuki Maekawa
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Hagenring 30 , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Dirk Bockfeld
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Hagenring 30 , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Marc-Kevin Zaretzke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Hagenring 30 , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Hagenring 30 , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Marc D Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Hagenring 30 , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
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11
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Lubitz K, Radius U. The Coupling of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes to Terminal Alkynes at Half Sandwich Cobalt NHC Complexes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lubitz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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12
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Medici F, Maury J, Lemière G, Fensterbank L. Interaction between Spirosilanes and Lewis Bases: from Coordination to Frustration. Chemistry 2019; 25:9438-9442. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Medici
- CNRSInstitut Parisien de Chimie MoléculaireSorbonne Universite 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229 75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Julien Maury
- CNRSInstitut Parisien de Chimie MoléculaireSorbonne Universite 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229 75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Gilles Lemière
- CNRSInstitut Parisien de Chimie MoléculaireSorbonne Universite 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229 75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Louis Fensterbank
- CNRSInstitut Parisien de Chimie MoléculaireSorbonne Universite 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229 75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
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13
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Danopoulos AA, Simler T, Braunstein P. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Copper, Nickel, and Cobalt. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3730-3961. [PMID: 30843688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of N-heterocyclic carbenes as ligands across the Periodic Table had an impact on various aspects of the coordination, organometallic, and catalytic chemistry of the 3d metals, including Cu, Ni, and Co, both from the fundamental viewpoint but also in applications, including catalysis, photophysics, bioorganometallic chemistry, materials, etc. In this review, the emergence, development, and state of the art in these three areas are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A Danopoulos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis Zografou , Athens GR 15771 , Greece.,Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 , Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination , Strasbourg 67081 Cedex , France
| | - Thomas Simler
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 , Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination , Strasbourg 67081 Cedex , France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 , Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination , Strasbourg 67081 Cedex , France
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14
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DIVALENT MANGANESE, IRON, AND COBALT BIS(TRIMETHYLSILYL)AMIDO DERIVATIVES AND THEIR TETRAHYDROFURAN COMPLEXES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119477822.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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15
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Vivancos Á, Segarra C, Albrecht M. Mesoionic and Related Less Heteroatom-Stabilized N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis, Catalysis, and Other Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9493-9586. [PMID: 30014699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mesoionic carbenes are a subclass of the family of N-heterocyclic carbenes that generally feature less heteroatom stabilization of the carbenic carbon and hence impart specific donor properties and reactivity schemes when coordinated to a transition metal. Therefore, mesoionic carbenes and their complexes have attracted considerable attention both from a fundamental point of view as well as for application in catalysis and beyond. As a follow-up of an earlier Chemical Reviews overview from 2009, the organometallic chemistry of N-heterocyclic carbenes with reduced heteroatom stabilization is compiled for the 2008-2017 period, including specifically the chemistry of complexes containing 1,2,3-triazolylidenes, 4-imidazolylidenes, and related 5-membered N-heterocyclic carbenes with reduced heteratom stabilization such as (is)oxazolylidenes, pyrrazolylidenes, and thiazolylidenes, as well as pyridylidenes as 6-membered N-heterocyclic carbenes with reduced heteroatom stabilization. For each ligand subclass, metalation strategies, electronic and steric properties, and applications, in particular, in metal-mediated catalysis, are compiled. Mesoionic carbenes demonstrate particularly high activity in (water) oxidation, hydrogen transfer reactions, and cyclization reactions. Unique features of these ligands are identified such as their dipolar structure, their specific donor properties, as well as stability aspects of the ligand and the complexes, which provides opportunities for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Vivancos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland.,Departamento de Química Inorgánica , Universidad de Murcia , Apartado 4021 , 30071 Murcia , Spain
| | - Candela Segarra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland.,Instituto de Tecnología Química , Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Avenida de los Naranjos s/n , 46022 Valencia , Spain
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland
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Grindell R, Day BM, Guo FS, Pugh T, Layfield RA. Activation of C-H bonds by rare-earth metallocene-butyl complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:9990-9993. [PMID: 28832031 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05597h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The stable metallocene-butyl complexes [(CpMe)2M(nBu)]2 (M = Y, Dy) were synthesized and their reactivity towards to ferrocene and bulky N-heterocyclic carbenes investigated. Selective mono-deprotonation of ferrocene and a benzylic methyl group of IMes were observed, whereas a control reaction of (CpMe)3M with IMes resulted in a normal-to-abnormal NHC rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Grindell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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17
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Medici F, Gontard G, Derat E, Lemière G, Fensterbank L. Synthesis of Stable Pentacoordinate Silicon(IV)–NHC Adducts: An Entry to Anionic N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Medici
- Institut Parisien de Chimie
Moléculaire, UMR 8232 Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris06-CNRS, 4
place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Geoffrey Gontard
- Institut Parisien de Chimie
Moléculaire, UMR 8232 Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris06-CNRS, 4
place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Derat
- Institut Parisien de Chimie
Moléculaire, UMR 8232 Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris06-CNRS, 4
place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Lemière
- Institut Parisien de Chimie
Moléculaire, UMR 8232 Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris06-CNRS, 4
place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Louis Fensterbank
- Institut Parisien de Chimie
Moléculaire, UMR 8232 Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris06-CNRS, 4
place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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18
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Liang Q, Salmon A, Kim PJ, Yan L, Song D. Unusual Rearrangement of an N-Donor-Functionalized N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand on Group 8 Metals. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1263-1266. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Liang
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Andrew Salmon
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Patrick Jinhyung Kim
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Linfan Yan
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Datong Song
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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19
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Liang Q, Liu NJ, Song D. Constructing reactive Fe and Co complexes from isolated picolyl-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbenes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:9889-9896. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02621a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Fe(ii) and Co(ii) complexes prepared from the isolated free carbene form of the picolyl-NHC ligands display excellent catalytic activity towards the hydrosilylation of ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Liang
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Nina Jiabao Liu
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Datong Song
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
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20
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Lin CY, Fettinger JC, Power PP. Reversible Complexation of Lewis Bases to Low-Coordinate Fe(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) Amides: Influence of the Metal, Donor Ligand, and Amide Substituent on Binding Constants. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:9892-9902. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - James C. Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Philip P. Power
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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21
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Liu Y, Deng L. Mode of Activation of Cobalt(II) Amides for Catalytic Hydrosilylation of Alkenes with Tertiary Silanes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1798-1801. [PMID: 28121434 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt(II) complexes capable of catalyzing alkene hydrosilylation in the absence of external activators are rarely known, and their activation mode has remained poorly understood. We present here that cobalt(II) amide complexes, [Co(N(SiMe3)2)2] and its NHC adducts [(NHC)Co(N(SiMe3)2)2] (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene), are effective catalysts for the hydrosilylation of alkenes with tertiary silanes. Mechanistic studies revealed that cobalt(II) amides can react with hydrosilane to form cobalt(I) species, silylamide, and hydrogen, which serves as the entry to the genuine catalytically active species, presumably cobalt(I) species, for the cobalt-catalyzed hydrosilylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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22
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Danopoulos AA, Braunstein P, Monakhov KY, van Leusen J, Kögerler P, Clémancey M, Latour JM, Benayad A, Tromp M, Rezabal E, Frison G. Heteroleptic, two-coordinate [M(NHC){N(SiMe 3) 2}] (M = Co, Fe) complexes: synthesis, reactivity and magnetism rationalized by an unexpected metal oxidation state. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:1163-1171. [PMID: 28054058 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03565e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The linear, two-coordinate and isostructural heteroleptic [M(IPr){N(SiMe3)2}] (IPr = 1,3-bis(diisopropylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene), formally MI complexes (M = Co, 3; Fe, 4) were obtained by the reduction of [M(IPr)Cl{N(SiMe3)2}] with KC8, or [Co(IPr){N(SiMe3)2}2] with mes*PH2, mes* = 2,4,6-tBu3C6H2. The magnetism of 3 and 4 implies CoII and FeII centres coupled to one ligand-delocalized electron, in line with XPS and XANES data; the ac susceptibility of 4 detected a pronounced frequency dependence due to slow magnetization relaxation. Reduction of [Fe(IPr)Cl{N(SiMe3)2}] with excess KC8 in toluene gave the heteronuclear 'inverse-sandwich' Fe-K complex 7, featuring η6-toluene sandwiched between one Fe0 and one K+ centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A Danopoulos
- Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Université de Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France. and Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CHIMIE UMR 7177, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CHIMIE UMR 7177, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - Kirill Yu Monakhov
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jan van Leusen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Paul Kögerler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany. and Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-FIT) and Peter Grünberg Institute 6, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Martin Clémancey
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Equipe de Physicochimie des Métaux en Biologie, UMR 5249 CNRS/CEA-DRF-BIG/Université Grenoble-Alpes, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38054, France
| | - Jean-Marc Latour
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Equipe de Physicochimie des Métaux en Biologie, UMR 5249 CNRS/CEA-DRF-BIG/Université Grenoble-Alpes, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38054, France
| | - Anass Benayad
- CEA/DRT/LITEN/DTNM/SEN/L2N, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Moniek Tromp
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Sustainable Materials Characterisation, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elixabete Rezabal
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Gilles Frison
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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23
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Ghadwal RS, Rottschäfer D, Andrada DM, Frenking G, Schürmann CJ, Stammler HG. Normal-to-abnormal rearrangement of an N-heterocyclic carbene with a silylene transition metal complex. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:7791-7799. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01199g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The NHC ligand of the complex 3-W undergoes normal-to-abnormal rearrangement on treatment with CsOH and yields the aNHC-complex 6-W, which is found to be 13.5 kcal mol−1 less stable than its normal counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse
- Am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- Bielefeld
| | - Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse
- Am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- Bielefeld
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
| | | | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse
- Am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- Bielefeld
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24
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Iannuzzi TE, Gao Y, Baker TM, Deng L, Neidig ML. Magnetic circular dichroism and density functional theory studies of electronic structure and bonding in cobalt(ii)–N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:13290-13299. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01748k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The combination of simple cobalt salts and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands has been highly effective in C–H functionalization, hydroarylation and cross-coupling catalysis, though displaying a strong dependence on the identity of the NHC ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yafei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
| | - Tessa M. Baker
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Rochester
- Rochester
- USA
| | - Liang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
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25
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Ghadwal RS, Lamm JH, Rottschäfer D, Schürmann CJ, Demeshko S. Facile routes to abnormal-NHC-cobalt(ii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:7664-7667. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01778b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Deprotonation of 1 with Co{N(SiMe3)2}2 affords aNHC-Co(ii) complex 2, whereas carbene transfer from 3 to Co{N(SiMe3)2}2 enables access to complex 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse
- Am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- Bielefeld
| | - Jan-Hendrik Lamm
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse
- Am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- Bielefeld
| | - Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse
- Am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- Bielefeld
| | - Christian J. Schürmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
- D-37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
- D-37077 Göttingen
- Germany
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26
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Jin P, Yang L, Liu C, Chen M, Hou Q, Li L, Zhao Y. A comparative study on the N-heterocyclic carbene adducts of Ih-C60, D5h-C70 and Sc3N@Ih-C80. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:17598-17606. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02696j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The exclusive formations of the normal nNHC-C60/70 and abnormal aNHC-Sc3N@Ih-C80 complexes in two recent experiments were suggested to be thermodynamically and kinetically controlled, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- Key Laboratory for New Type of Functional Materials in Hebei Province
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- P. R. China
| | - Le Yang
- Key Laboratory for New Type of Functional Materials in Hebei Province
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- P. R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory for New Type of Functional Materials in Hebei Province
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- P. R. China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Department of Materials Physics
- School of Physics and Mechanical & Electronical Engineering
- Hubei University of Education
- Wuhan 430205
- P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Hou
- Key Laboratory for New Type of Functional Materials in Hebei Province
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- P. R. China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Key Laboratory for New Type of Functional Materials in Hebei Province
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- P. R. China
| | - Yujun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 30072
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27
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Hering F, Berthel JHJ, Lubitz K, Paul USD, Schneider H, Härterich M, Radius U. Synthesis and Thermal Properties of Novel NHC-Stabilized Cobalt Carbonyl Nitrosyl Complexes. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hering
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes H. J. Berthel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Lubitz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ursula S. D. Paul
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heidi Schneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Härterich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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28
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Pal K, Hemming OB, Day BM, Pugh T, Evans DJ, Layfield RA. Iron- and Cobalt-Catalyzed Synthesis of Carbene Phosphinidenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:1690-3. [PMID: 26643712 PMCID: PMC5064616 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of stoichiometric or catalytic amounts of [M{N(SiMe3 )2 }2 ] (M=Fe, Co), N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) react with primary phosphines to give a series of carbene phosphinidenes of the type (NHC)⋅PAr. The formation of (IMe4 )⋅PMes (Mes=mesityl) is also catalyzed by the phosphinidene-bridged complex [(IMe4 )2 Fe(μ-PMes)]2 , which provides evidence for metal-catalyzed phosphinidene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Pal
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Oliver B Hemming
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Benjamin M Day
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Thomas Pugh
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - David J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Richard A Layfield
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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29
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Simler T, Braunstein P, Danopoulos AA. Cobalt PNCNHC ‘pincers’: ligand dearomatisation, formation of dinuclear and N2 complexes and promotion of C–H activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:2717-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc10121b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ligand dearomatisation in CoII phosphino-picoline NHC-type pincers and dicobalt complexes result from side-arm metalation or C–H activation at the NHC backbone; in the latter case, an ‘anionic dicarbene’ originates from a dearomatised CoI–N2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Simler
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination
- Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS)
- Université de Strasbourg
- 67081 Strasbourg Cedex
- France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination
- Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS)
- Université de Strasbourg
- 67081 Strasbourg Cedex
- France
| | - Andreas A. Danopoulos
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination
- Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS)
- Université de Strasbourg
- 67081 Strasbourg Cedex
- France
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30
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Würtemberger-Pietsch S, Radius U, Marder TB. 25 years of N-heterocyclic carbenes: activation of both main-group element-element bonds and NHCs themselves. Dalton Trans 2015; 45:5880-95. [PMID: 26675582 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04106f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are widely used ligands and reagents in modern inorganic synthesis as well as in homogeneous catalysis and organocatalysis. However, NHCs are not always innocent bystanders. In the last few years, more and more examples were reported of reactions of NHCs with main-group elements which resulted in modification of the NHC. Many of these reactions lead to ring expansion and the formation of six-membered heterocyclic rings involving insertion of the heteroatom into the C-N bond and migration of hydrides, phenyl groups or boron-containing fragments. Furthermore, a few related NHC rearrangements were observed some decades ago. In this Perspective, we summarise the history of NHC ring expansion reactions from the 1960s till the present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Würtemberger-Pietsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. u.radius@uni-wuerzburg
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31
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Pal K, Hemming OB, Day BM, Pugh T, Evans DJ, Layfield RA. Iron- and Cobalt-Catalyzed Synthesis of Carbene Phosphinidenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Pal
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Oliver B. Hemming
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Benjamin M. Day
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Thomas Pugh
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - David J. Evans
- Department of Chemistry; University of Hull; Hull HU6 7RX UK
| | - Richard A. Layfield
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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32
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Hansen CB, Jordan RF, Hillhouse GL. Protonolysis and Amide Exchange Reactions of a Three-Coordinate Cobalt Amide Complex Supported by an N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:4603-10. [DOI: 10.1021/ic502670x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Richard F. Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Gregory L. Hillhouse
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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33
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Massard A, Braunstein P, Danopoulos AA, Choua S, Rabu P. Studies on Three-Coordinate [Co{N(SiMe3)2}2L] Complexes, L = N-Heterocyclic Carbene. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om501178p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Massard
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, F-67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, F-67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Andreas A. Danopoulos
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, F-67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Université de Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), F-67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Choua
- Institut
de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, BP 296 R8, F-67008 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Rabu
- Institut
de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS) (UMR7504 CNRS - Université de Strasbourg), 23 rue du Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg, France
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Mo Z, Xiao J, Gao Y, Deng L. Regio- and Stereoselective Hydrosilylation of Alkynes Catalyzed by Three-Coordinate Cobalt(I) Alkyl and Silyl Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:17414-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja510924v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jie Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yafei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Liang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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