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Liu Q, Song X, DuBois D, Yu B, Bhuller A, Flannery G, Hawley M, Bridges F, Chen S. Alkyne-Functionalized Platinum Chalcogenide (S, Se) Nanoparticles. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1046-1053. [PMID: 38170680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Metal chalcogenide nanoparticles play a vital role in a wide range of applications and are typically stabilized by organic derivatives containing thiol, amine, or carboxyl moieties, where the nonconjugated particle-ligand interfaces limit the electronic interactions between the inorganic cores and organic ligands. Herein, a wet-chemistry method is developed for the facile preparation of stable platinum chalcogenide (S, Se) nanoparticles capped with acetylene derivatives (e.g., 4-ethylphenylacetylene, EPA). The formation of Pt-C≡ conjugated bonds at the nanoparticle interfaces, which is confirmed by optical and X-ray spectroscopic measurements, leads to markedly enhanced electronic interactions between the d electrons of the nanoparticle cores and π electrons of the acetylene moiety, in stark contrast to the mercapto-capped counterparts with only nonconjugated Pt-S- interfacial bonds, as manifested in spectroscopic measurements and density functional theory calculations. This study underscores the significance of conjugated anchoring linkages in the stabilization and functionalization of metal chalcogenides, a unique strategy for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Xingjian Song
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Davida DuBois
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Bingzhe Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Amrinder Bhuller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Gabriel Flannery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Marcus Hawley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Frank Bridges
- Department of Physics, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Shaowei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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Mkhonto PP, Ngoepe PE. Reconstruction of Cooperite (PtS) Surfaces: A DFT-D+U Study. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:43390-43410. [PMID: 36506214 PMCID: PMC9730779 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cooperite (PtS) is one of the main sources of platinum in the world and has not been given much attention, in particular from the computational aspect. Besides, the surface stability of cooperite is not fully understood, in particular the preferred surface cleavage. In the current study, we employed computer modeling methods within the plane-wave framework of density functional theory with dispersion correction and the U parameter to correctly predict the bulk and surface properties. We reconstructed and calculated the geometries and surface energies of (001), (100), (101), (112), (110), (111), and (211) cooperite surfaces of stoichiometric planes. The Pt d-orbitals with U = 4.5 eV and S p-orbitals with U = 5.5 eV were found optimum to correctly predict a band gap of 1.408 eV for the bulk cooperite model, which agreed with an experimental value of 1.41 eV. The PtS-, Pt-, and S-terminated surfaces were investigated. The structural and electronic properties of the reconstructed surfaces were discussed in detail. We observed one major mechanism of relaxation of cooperite surface reconstructions that emerged from this study, which was the formation of Pt-Pt bonds. It emanated that the (110) and (111) cooperite surfaces underwent significant reconstruction in which the Pt2+ cation relaxed into the surface, forming new Pt-Pt (Pt2 2+) bonds. Similar behavior was perceived for (101) and (211) surfaces, where the Pt2+ cation relaxed inward and sideways on the surface, forming new Pt-Pt (Pt2 2+) bonds. The surface stability decreased in the order (101) > (100) ≈ (112) > (211) > (111) > (110) > (001), indicating that the (101) surface was the most stable, leading to an octahedron cooperite crystal morphology with truncated corners under equilibrium conditions. However, the electronic structures indicated that the chemical reactivity stability of the surfaces would be determined by band gaps. It was found that the (112) surface had a larger band gap than the other surfaces and thus was a chemical stability competitor to the (101) surface. In addition, it was established that the surfaces had different reactivities, which largely depended on the atomic coordination and charge state based on population atomic charges. This study has shown that cooperite has many planes/surface cleavages as determined by the computed crystal morphology, which is in agreement with experimental X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern findings and the formation of irregular morphology shapes.
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Han SS, Ko TJ, Shawkat MS, Shum AK, Bae TS, Chung HS, Ma J, Sattar S, Hafiz SB, Mahfuz MMA, Mofid SA, Larsson JA, Oh KH, Ko DK, Jung Y. Peel-and-Stick Integration of Atomically Thin Nonlayered PtS Semiconductors for Multidimensionally Stretchable Electronic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20268-20279. [PMID: 35442029 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Various near-atom-thickness two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) crystals with unparalleled electromechanical properties have been explored for transformative devices. Currently, the availability of 2D vdW crystals is rather limited in nature as they are only obtained from certain mother crystals with intrinsically possessed layered crystallinity and anisotropic molecular bonding. Recent efforts to transform conventionally non-vdW three-dimensional (3D) crystals into ultrathin 2D-like structures have seen rapid developments to explore device building blocks of unique form factors. Herein, we explore a "peel-and-stick" approach, where a nonlayered 3D platinum sulfide (PtS) crystal, traditionally known as a cooperate mineral material, is transformed into a freestanding 2D-like membrane for electromechanical applications. The ultrathin (∼10 nm) 3D PtS films grown on large-area (>cm2) silicon dioxide/silicon (SiO2/Si) wafers are precisely "peeled" inside water retaining desired geometries via a capillary-force-driven surface wettability control. Subsequently, they are "sticked" on strain-engineered patterned substrates presenting prominent semiconducting properties, i.e., p-type transport with an optical band gap of ∼1.24 eV. A variety of mechanically deformable strain-invariant electronic devices have been demonstrated by this peel-and-stick method, including biaxially stretchable photodetectors and respiratory sensing face masks. This study offers new opportunities of 2D-like nonlayered semiconducting crystals for emerging mechanically reconfigurable and stretchable device technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Sub Han
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Tae-Jun Ko
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Mashiyat Sumaiya Shawkat
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | | | - Tae-Sung Bae
- Analytical Research Division, Korea Basic Science Institute, Jeonju 54907, South Korea
| | - Hee-Suk Chung
- Analytical Research Division, Korea Basic Science Institute, Jeonju 54907, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Shahid Sattar
- Applied Physics, Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå SE-97187, Sweden
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, SE-39231 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Shihab Bin Hafiz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Mohammad M Al Mahfuz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Sohrab Alex Mofid
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - J Andreas Larsson
- Applied Physics, Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå SE-97187, Sweden
| | - Kyu Hwan Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kyun Ko
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Yeonwoong Jung
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
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Cullen CP, Ó Coileáin C, McManus JB, Hartwig O, McCloskey D, Duesberg GS, McEvoy N. Synthesis and characterisation of thin-film platinum disulfide and platinum sulfide. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:7403-7411. [PMID: 33889876 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06197b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Group-10 transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are rising in prominence within the highly innovative field of 2D materials. While PtS2 has been investigated for potential electronic applications, due to its high charge-carrier mobility and strongly layer-dependent bandgap, it has proven to be one of the more difficult TMDs to synthesise. In contrast to most TMDs, Pt has a significantly more stable monosulfide, the non-layered PtS. The existence of two stable platinum sulfides, sometimes within the same sample, has resulted in much confusion between the materials in the literature. Neither of these Pt sulfides have been thoroughly characterised as-of-yet. Here we utilise time-efficient, scalable methods to synthesise high-quality thin films of both Pt sulfides on a variety of substrates. The competing nature of the sulfides and limited thermal stability of these materials is demonstrated. We report peak-fitted X-ray photoelectron spectra, and Raman spectra using a variety of laser wavelengths, for both materials. This systematic characterisation provides a guide to differentiate between the sulfides using relatively simple methods which is essential to enable future work on these interesting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor P Cullen
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland.
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Huang J, Dong N, McEvoy N, Wang L, Coileáin CÓ, Wang H, Cullen CP, Chen C, Zhang S, Zhang L, Wang J. Surface-State Assisted Carrier Recombination and Optical Nonlinearities in Bulk to 2D Nonlayered PtS. ACS NANO 2019; 13:13390-13402. [PMID: 31661247 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cooperite, or platinum sulfide (PtS), is a rare mineral that generally exists as microscale, irregularly shaped crystallites. The presence of impurities, in both naturally occurring and synthesized samples, has hindered the study of its optical properties in the past. In this work, we prepare large-scale, uniform PtS films in bulk to two-dimensional form through the thermally assisted conversion method. An abnormal trend is observed in linear spectral studies whereby the optical bandgap narrows as the film thickness decreases. A model based on the continuous distribution of carriers in real space, which can be regarded as a quantum well normal to the plane, is used to describe the thickness-dependent carrier recombination phenomenon. In the nonlinear optical measurements, PtS exhibits ultrafast saturable absorption and self-defocusing properties in the visible region, which are dominated by the resonant electronic nonlinearities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Huang
- Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser , Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science , Shanghai 201800 , China
| | - Ningning Dong
- Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser , Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science , Shanghai 201800 , China
| | - Niall McEvoy
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre and School of Chemistry , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | - Lei Wang
- Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser , Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science , Shanghai 201800 , China
| | - Cormac Ó Coileáin
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre and School of Chemistry , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser , Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science , Shanghai 201800 , China
| | - Conor P Cullen
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre and School of Chemistry , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | - Chenduan Chen
- Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser , Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science , Shanghai 201800 , China
| | - Saifeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser , Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science , Shanghai 201800 , China
| | - Long Zhang
- Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser , Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science , Shanghai 201800 , China
| | - Jun Wang
- Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser , Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science , Shanghai 201800 , China
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics , Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800 , China
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Rozhdestvina VI, Udovenko AA, Rubanov SV, Mudrovskaya NV. Structural investigation of cooperite (PtS) crystals. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774516020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
While all materials reduce their intrinsic volume under hydrostatic (uniform) compression, a select few actually expand along one or more directions during this process of densification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B. Cairns
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- UK
| | - Andrew L. Goodwin
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- UK
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