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Gladisch FC, Maier S, Steinberg S. Eu
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CuSe
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Revisited by Means of Experimental and Quantum‐Chemical Techniques. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian C. Gladisch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Stefan Maier
- Institute of Physics IA RWTH Aachen University 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Simon Steinberg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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2
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Ovchinnikov A, Smetana V, Mudring AV. Metallic alloys at the edge of complexity: structural aspects, chemical bonding and physical properties. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:243002. [PMID: 31935688 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab6b87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Complex metallic alloys belong to the vast family of intermetallic compounds and are hallmarked by extremely large unit cells and, in many cases, extensive crystallographic disorder. Early studies of complex intermetallics were focusing on the elucidation of their crystal structures and classification of the underlying building principles. More recently, ab initio computational analysis and detailed examination of the physical properties have become feasible and opened new perspectives for these materials. The present review paper provides a summary of the literature data on the reported compositions with exceptional structural complexity and their properties, and highlights the factors leading to the emergence of their crystal structures and the methods of characterization and systematization of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ovchinnikov
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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The Crystal Orbital Hamilton Population (COHP) Method as a Tool to Visualize and Analyze Chemical Bonding in Intermetallic Compounds. CRYSTALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst8050225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recognizing the bonding situations in chemical compounds is of fundamental interest for materials design because this very knowledge allows us to understand the sheer existence of a material and the structural arrangement of its constituting atoms. Since its definition 25 years ago, the Crystal Orbital Hamilton Population (COHP) method has been established as an efficient and reliable tool to extract the chemical-bonding information based on electronic-structure calculations of various quantum-chemical types. In this review, we present a brief introduction into the theoretical background of the COHP method and illustrate the latter by diverse applications, in particular by looking at representatives of the class of (polar) intermetallic compounds, usually considered as “black sheep” in the light of valence-electron counting schemes.
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Revealing Tendencies in the Electronic Structures of Polar Intermetallic Compounds. CRYSTALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst8020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Celania C, Smetana V, Mudring AV. Bringing order to large-scale disordered complex metal alloys: Gd2Au15−xSbxand BaAuxGa12−x. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce01865g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
New complex metallic alloys, BaAuxGa12−xand Gd2Au15−xSbx, display entire planes of disordered atom sites, forming a set planar conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Celania
- The Ames Laboratory
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
| | - Volodymyr Smetana
- The Ames Laboratory
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
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Göbgen KC, Gladisch FC, Steinberg S. The Mineral Stützite: a Zintl-Phase or Polar Intermetallic? A Case Study Using Experimental and Quantum-Chemical Techniques. Inorg Chem 2017; 57:412-421. [PMID: 29251497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai C. Göbgen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian C. Gladisch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Simon Steinberg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Smetana V, Rhodehouse M, Meyer G, Mudring AV. Gold Polar Intermetallics: Structural Versatility through Exclusive Bonding Motifs. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2633-2641. [PMID: 29112375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The design of new materials with desired chemical and physical characteristics requires thorough understanding of the underlying composition-structure-property relationships and the experimental possibility of their modification through the controlled involvement of new components. From this point of view, intermetallic phases, a class of compounds formed by two or more metals, present an endless field of combinations that produce several chemical compound classes ranging from simple alloys to true ionic compounds. Polar intermetallics (PICs) belong to the class that is electronically situated in the middle, between Hume-Rothery phases and Zintl compounds and possessing e/a (valence electron per atom) values around 2. In contrast to the latter, where logical rules of formation and classification systems were developed decades ago, polar intermetallics remain a dark horse with a huge diversity of crystal structures but unclear mechanisms of their formation. Partial incorporation of structural and bonding features from both nonpolar and Zintl compounds is commonly observed here. A decent number of PICs can be described in terms of complex metallic alloys (CMAs) following the Hume-Rothery electron-counting schemes but exhibit electronic structure changes that cannot be explained by the latter. Our research is aimed at the discovery and synthesis of new polar intermetallic compounds, their structural characterization, and investigation of their properties in line with the analysis of the principles connecting all of these components. Understanding of the basic structural tendencies is one of the most anticipated outcomes of this analysis, and systematization of the available knowledge is the initial and most important step. In this Account, we focus on a well-represented but rather small section of PICs: ternary intermetallic compounds of gold with electropositive and post-transition metals of groups 12 to 15. The strong influence of relativistic effects in its chemical bonding results in special, frequently unique structural motifs, while at the same time gold participates in common structure types as an ordinary transition element. Enhanced bonding strength leads to the formation and stabilization of complex homo- and heteroatomic clusters and networks that are compositionally restricted to just a few options throughout the periodic table. Because it has the highest absolute electronegativity among metals, comparable to those of some halogens, gold usually plays the role of an anion, even being able to form true salts with the most electropositive metals. We discuss the occurrence of the structure types and show the place of gold intermetallics in the general picture. Among the structures considered are ones as common as AlB2 or BaAl4 types, in line with the recently discovered diamond-like homoatomic metal networks, formation of local fivefold symmetry, different types of tunneled structures, and more complex intergrown multicomponent structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Smetana
- Ames
Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3020, United States
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Melissa Rhodehouse
- Ames
Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3020, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
| | - Gerd Meyer
- Ames
Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3020, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
| | - Anja-Verena Mudring
- Ames
Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3020, United States
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-2300, United States
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Celania C, Smetana V, Provino A, Pecharsky V, Manfrinetti P, Mudring AV. R3Au9Pn (R = Y, Gd–Tm; Pn = Sb, Bi): A Link between Cu10Sn3 and Gd14Ag51. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:7247-7256. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Celania
- The Ames Laboratory,
U.S. Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Volodymyr Smetana
- The Ames Laboratory,
U.S. Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Alessia Provino
- The Ames Laboratory,
U.S. Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso
31, 16146 Genova, Italy
- Institute SPIN-CNR, Corso Perrone 24, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Vitalij Pecharsky
- The Ames Laboratory,
U.S. Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Pietro Manfrinetti
- The Ames Laboratory,
U.S. Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso
31, 16146 Genova, Italy
- Institute SPIN-CNR, Corso Perrone 24, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Anja-Verena Mudring
- The Ames Laboratory,
U.S. Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Benndorf C, Stegemann F, Seidel S, Schubert L, Bartsch M, Zacharias H, Mausolf B, Haarmann F, Eckert H, Pöttgen R, Janka O. Equiatomic AEAuX (AE=Ca-Ba, X=Al-In) Intermetallics: A Systematic Study of their Electronic Structure and Spectroscopic Properties. Chemistry 2017; 23:4187-4196. [PMID: 28139849 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The three intermetallic compounds SrAuGa, BaAuAl and BaAuGa were synthesised from the elements in niobium ampoules. The Sr compound crystallises in the orthorhombic KHg2 -type structure (Imma, a=465.6(1), b=771.8(2), c=792.6(2) pm, wR2 =0.0740, 324 F2 values, 13 variables), whereas the Ba compounds were both found to crystallise in the cubic non-centrosymmetric LaIrSi-type structure (P21 3, BaAuAl: a=696.5(1) pm; wR2 =0.0427, 446 F2 values, 12 variables; BaAuGa: a=693.49(4) pm, wR2 =0.0717, 447 F2 values, 12 variables). The samples were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction and their structures refined on the basis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The title compounds, along with references from the literature (CaAuAl, CaAuGa, CaAuIn, and SrAuIn), were characterised further by susceptibility measurements and 27 Al and 71 Ga solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Theoretical calculations of the density of states (DOS) and the NMR parameters were used for the interpretation of the spectroscopic data. The electron transfer from the alkaline-earth metals and the group 13 elements onto the gold atoms was investigated through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), classifying these intermetallics as aurides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Benndorf
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Stegemann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Seidel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lea Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Manfred Bartsch
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Helmut Zacharias
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Mausolf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Haarmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hellmut Eckert
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Janka
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Strasse 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
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Smetana V, Steinberg S, Mudryk Y, Pecharsky V, Miller GJ, Mudring AV. Cation-Poor Complex Metallic Alloys in Ba(Eu)–Au–Al(Ga) Systems: Identifying the Keys that Control Structural Arrangements and Atom Distributions at the Atomic Level. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:10296-308. [PMID: 26479308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gordon J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
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Gerke B, Hoffmann RD, Pöttgen R. Ca4Au10Zn3- A Substitution Variant of AlB2by Incorporation of Zn3Triangles. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201500533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Steinberg S, Card N, Mudring AV. From the Ternary Eu(Au/In)2 and EuAu4(Au/In)2 with Remarkable Au/In Distributions to a New Structure Type: The Gold-Rich Eu5Au16(Au/In)6 Structure. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:8187-96. [PMID: 26270622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Steinberg
- Ames
Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and ‡Department of Material Sciences
and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Nathan Card
- Ames
Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and ‡Department of Material Sciences
and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Anja-Verena Mudring
- Ames
Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and ‡Department of Material Sciences
and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Seidel S, Schubert L, Hoffmann RD, Pöttgen R. The Gallides SrRh 2Ga 2, SrIr 2Ga 2, and Sr 3Ir 4Ga 4. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201500221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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