1
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Pickl T, Zuber J, Stephan J, Pöthig A. Crystal structure elucidation of a geminal and vicinal bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) ester. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2024; 80:278-283. [PMID: 38885047 PMCID: PMC11225611 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229624005230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Geminal and vicinal bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) esters are highly reactive alkylene synthons used as potent electrophiles in the macrocyclization of imidazoles and the transformation of bypyridines to diquat derivatives via nucleophilic substitution reactions. Herein we report the crystal structures of methylene (C3H2F6O6S2) and ethylene bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) (C4H4F6O6S2), the first examples of a geminal and vicinal bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) ester characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). With melting points slightly below ambient temperature, both reported bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate)s are air- and moisture-sensitive oils and were crystallized at 277 K to afford two-component non-merohedrally twinned crystals. The dominant interactions present in both compounds are non-classical C-H...O hydrogen bonds and intermolecular C-F...F-C interactions between trifluoromethyl groups. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) calculations by DFT-D3 helped to quantify the polarity between O...H and F...F contacts to rationalize the self-sorting of both bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) esters in polar (non-fluorous) and non-polar (fluorous) domains within the crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pickl
- School of Natural Sciences & Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Julian Zuber
- School of Natural Sciences & Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Stephan
- School of Natural Sciences & Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- School of Natural Sciences & Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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2
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Białek MJ, Hurej K, Furuta H, Latos-Grażyński L. Organometallic chemistry confined within a porphyrin-like framework. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2082-2144. [PMID: 36852929 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00784c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The world of modified porphyrins changed forever when an N-confused porphyrin (NCP), a porphyrin isomer, was first published in 1994. The replacement of one inner nitrogen with a carbon atom revolutionised the chemistry that one is able to perform within the coordination cavity. One could explore new pathways in the organometallic chemistry of porphyrins by forcing a carbon fragment from the ring or an inner substituent to sit close to an inserted metal ion. Since the NCP discovery, a series of modifications became available to tune the coordination properties of the cavity, introducing a fascinating realm of carbaporphyrins. The review surveys all possible carbatetraphyrins(1.1.1.1) and their spectacular coordination and organometallic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał J Białek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Karolina Hurej
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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3
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Schlachta TP, Kühn FE. Cyclic iron tetra N-heterocyclic carbenes: synthesis, properties, reactivity, and catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2238-2277. [PMID: 36852959 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs01064j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic iron tetracarbenes are an emerging class of macrocyclic iron N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes. They can be considered as an organometallic compound class inspired by their heme analogs, however, their electronic properties differ, e.g. due to the very strong σ-donation of the four combined NHCs in equatorial coordination. The ligand framework of iron tetracarbenes can be readily modified, allowing fine-tuning of the structural and electronic properties of the complexes. The properties of iron tetracarbene complexes are discussed quantitatively and correlations are established. The electronic nature of the tetracarbene ligand allows the isolation of uncommon iron(III) and iron(IV) species and reveals a unique reactivity. Iron tetracarbenes are successfully applied in C-H activation, CO2 reduction, aziridination and epoxidation catalysis and mechanisms as well as decomposition pathways are described. This review will help researchers evaluate the structural and electronic properties of their complexes and target their catalyst properties through ligand design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim P Schlachta
- Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Fritz E Kühn
- Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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4
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Panchal K, Katke S, Dash SK, Gaur A, Shinde A, Saha N, Mehra NK, Chaurasiya A. An expanding horizon of complex injectable products: development and regulatory considerations. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:433-472. [PMID: 35963928 PMCID: PMC9376055 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There has been a constant evolution in the pharmaceutical market concerning the new technologies imbibed in delivering drug substances for various indications. This is either market-driven or technology-driven to improve the overall therapeutic efficacy and patients' quality of life. The pharmaceutical industry has experienced rapid growth in the area of complex injectable products because of their effectiveness in the unmet market. These novel parenteral products, viz, the nanoparticles, liposomes, microspheres, suspensions, and emulsions, have proven their worth as "Safe and Effective" products. However, the underlying challenges involved in the development, scalability, and characterization of these injectable products are critical. Moreover, the guidelines available do not provide a clear understanding of these complex products, making it difficult to anticipate the regulatory requirements. Thus, it becomes imperative to comprehend the criticalities and develop an understanding of these products. This review discusses various complexities involved in the parenteral products such as complex drug substances, excipients, dosage forms, drug administration devices like pre-filled syringes and injector pens, and its different characterization tools and techniques. The review also provides a brief discussion on the regulatory aspects and associated hurdles with other parenteral products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanan Panchal
- Translational Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Medchal District, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Sumeet Katke
- Translational Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Medchal District, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Sanat Kumar Dash
- Translational Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Medchal District, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Ankit Gaur
- Formulation Development, Par Formulations Pvt. Ltd, Navi Mumbai, Endo India, 400 708, India
| | - Aishwarya Shinde
- Translational Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Medchal District, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Nithun Saha
- Research & Development - Injectables, MSN Laboratories Pvt. Ltd, Pashamaylaram, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502307, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India
| | - Akash Chaurasiya
- Translational Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Medchal District, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Telangana, 500078, India.
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5
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Zámbó GG, Mayr J, Sauer MJ, Schlachta TP, Reich RM, Kühn FE. The first macrocyclic abnormally coordinating tetra-1,2,3-triazole-5-ylidene iron complex: a promising candidate for olefin epoxidation. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13591-13595. [PMID: 36039702 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02561b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first macrocyclic and abnormally coordinating, mesoionic N-heterocyclic carbene iron complex has been synthesised and characterised via ESI-MS, EA, SC-XRD, CV, NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. 13C-NMR spectroscopy and CV measurements indicate a strong σ-donor ability of the carbene moieties, suggesting an efficient catalytic activity of the iron complex in oxidation reactions. Initial tests in the epoxidation of cis-cyclooctene as a model substrate confirm this assumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta G Zámbó
- Molecular Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Centre, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85784 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Johannes Mayr
- Molecular Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Centre, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85784 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Michael J Sauer
- Molecular Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Centre, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85784 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Tim P Schlachta
- Molecular Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Centre, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85784 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Robert M Reich
- Molecular Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Centre, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85784 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Fritz E Kühn
- Molecular Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Centre, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85784 Garching bei München, Germany.
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6
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Blatchford KM, Mize CJ, Roy S, Jenkins DM. Toward asymmetric aziridination with an iron complex supported by a D2-symmetric tetra-NHC. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6153-6156. [PMID: 35380151 PMCID: PMC9019631 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00772j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A neutral D2-symmetric macrocyclic tetra-N-heterocyclic carbene ligand was synthesized. The macrocycle was ligated to iron(II) via transmetalation from an isolated silver complex that has two conformers. The iron complex catalyzed the first stereospecific aziridination between aryl azides and aliphatic alkenes, albeit with low ee's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Blatchford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
| | - Carson J Mize
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
| | - Sharani Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
| | - David M Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
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7
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Basappa S, Bhawar R, Nagaraju DH, Bose SK. Recent advances in the chemistry of the phosphaethynolate and arsaethynolate anions. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3778-3806. [PMID: 35108724 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03994f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the reactivity of 2-phosphaethynolate (OCP-), a heavier analogue of the cyanate anion, has been the subject of momentous interest in the field of modern organometallic chemistry. It is used as a precursor to novel phosphorus-containing heterocycles and as a ligand in decarbonylative processes, serving as a synthetic equivalent of a phosphinidene derivative. This perspective aims to describe advances in the reactivities of phosphaethynolate and arsaethynolate anions (OCE-; E = P, As) with main-group element, transition metal, and f-block metal scaffolds. Further, the unique structures and bonding properties are discussed based on spectroscopic and theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma Basappa
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore-562112, India.
| | - Ramesh Bhawar
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore-562112, India.
| | - D H Nagaraju
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Reva University, Bangalore 560064, India.
| | - Shubhankar Kumar Bose
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore-562112, India.
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8
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Carroll XB, Errulat D, Murugesu M, Jenkins DM. Late Lanthanide Macrocyclic Tetra-NHC Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:1611-1619. [PMID: 34990145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An isostructural set of macrocyclic tetra-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes were synthesized on late lanthanides including Lu, Yb, Ho, Dy, and Gd. They were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, multinuclear NMR, electrochemistry, and SQUID magnetometry. Solid-state structures show that all complexes are in a highly distorted square-pyramidal geometry with an axial HMDS ligand. 1H NMR for Lu, Yb, and Dy demonstrates that these geometries are maintained in solution. Electrochemical measurements on the Yb complex show that the NHCs are very strong σ-donors compared to other organometallic Yb complexes. Magnetic measurements of the Yb and Dy complexes reveal slow relaxation of the magnetization in both complexes. The highly anisotropic Dy complex possesses an energy barrier to spin reversal of 52.42 K/36.43 cm-1 and waist-restricted hysteresis up to 2.8 K. Finally, an 18-atom macrocycle variant of the Lu complex was synthesized for comparison in reactivity and stability. These complexes are the first lanthanides prepared with macrocyclic NHCs and suggest that NHCs may be a promising ligand for developing single-molecule magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian B Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Dylan Errulat
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David M Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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9
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Zámbó GG, Schlagintweit JF, Reich RM, Kühn FE. Organometallic 3d transition metal NHC complexes in oxidation catalysis. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00127f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of processes for the selective oxidation of hydrocarbons is a major focus in catalysis research. Making this process simultaneously environmentally friendly is still challenging. 3d transition metals are...
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10
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Zhang L, Sun LY, Chang JP, Xie HY, Zhang YW, Zhang YF, Han YF. A trefoil-shaped macrocycle with 12 imidazolium cations. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Esslinger EHJ, Schlagintweit JF, Zámbó GG, Imhof AM, Reich RM, Kühn FE. The Effect of
trans
Axial Isocyanide Ligands on Iron(II) Tetra‐NHC Complexes and their Reactivity in Olefin Epoxidation. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva‐Maria H. J. Esslinger
- Molecular Catalysis Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstrasse 4 D-85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Jonas F. Schlagintweit
- Molecular Catalysis Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstrasse 4 D-85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Greta G. Zámbó
- Molecular Catalysis Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstrasse 4 D-85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Alexander M. Imhof
- Molecular Catalysis Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstrasse 4 D-85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Robert M. Reich
- Molecular Catalysis Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstrasse 4 D-85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Molecular Catalysis Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstrasse 4 D-85748 Garching bei München Germany
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12
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Schlachta TP, Anneser MR, Schlagintweit JF, Jakob CHG, Hintermeier C, Böth AD, Haslinger S, Reich RM, Kühn FE. Mimicking reactive high-valent diiron- μ2-oxo intermediates of nonheme enzymes by an iron tetracarbene complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6644-6647. [PMID: 34126626 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02027g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first diiron(iii,iv)-μ2-oxo tetracarbene complex is isolated and characterized by SC-XRD, UV/Vis, EPR, Evans' NMR and elemental analysis. CV indicates the presence of a transient high-valent diiron(iv)-μ2-oxo species. Its formation and decay is investigated via UV/Vis kinetics and NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim P Schlachta
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Markus R Anneser
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Jonas F Schlagintweit
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Christian H G Jakob
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Carolin Hintermeier
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Alexander D Böth
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Stefan Haslinger
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Robert M Reich
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Fritz E Kühn
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
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13
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Schlachta TP, Schlagintweit JF, Anneser MR, Esslinger EMH, Muhr M, Haslinger S, Kühn FE. Modification of bio-inspired tetra-NHC iron complexes with axial nitrile ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Massie AA, Schremmer C, Rüter I, Dechert S, Siewert I, Meyer F. Selective Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction to CO by an NHC-Based Organometallic Heme Analogue. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allyssa A. Massie
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Schremmer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Rüter
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Inke Siewert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Schlagintweit JF, Altmann PJ, Böth AD, Hofmann BJ, Jandl C, Kaußler C, Nguyen L, Reich RM, Pöthig A, Kühn FE. Activation of Molecular Oxygen by a Cobalt(II) Tetra-NHC Complex*. Chemistry 2021; 27:1311-1315. [PMID: 33125815 PMCID: PMC7898330 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The first dicobalt(III) μ2 -peroxo N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex is reported. It can be quantitatively generated from a cobalt(II) compound bearing a 16-membered macrocyclic tetra-NHC ligand via facile activation of dioxygen from air at ambient conditions. The reaction proceeds via an end-on superoxo intermediate as demonstrated by EPR studies and DFT. The peroxo moiety can be cleaved upon addition of acetic acid, yielding the corresponding CoIII acetate complex going along with H2 O2 formation. In contrast, both CoII and CoIII complexes are also studied as catalysts to utilize air for olefin and alkane oxidation reactions; however, not resulting in product formation. The observations are rationalized by DFT-calculations, suggesting a nucleophilic nature of the dicobalt(III) μ2 -peroxo complex. All isolated compounds are characterized by NMR, ESI-MS, elemental analysis, EPR and SC-XRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas F. Schlagintweit
- Molecular CatalysisCatalysis Research Center and Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Philipp J. Altmann
- Molecular CatalysisCatalysis Research Center and Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747Garching bei MünchenGermany
- Single Crystal XRD Laboratory of the Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität MünchenErnst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 185747Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Alexander D. Böth
- Molecular CatalysisCatalysis Research Center and Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Benjamin J. Hofmann
- Molecular CatalysisCatalysis Research Center and Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Single Crystal XRD Laboratory of the Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität MünchenErnst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 185747Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Clemens Kaußler
- Molecular CatalysisCatalysis Research Center and Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Linda Nguyen
- Molecular CatalysisCatalysis Research Center and Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747Garching bei MünchenGermany
- Ausbildungszentrum der Technischen Universität MünchenTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Robert M. Reich
- Molecular CatalysisCatalysis Research Center and Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Single Crystal XRD Laboratory of the Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität MünchenErnst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 185747Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Molecular CatalysisCatalysis Research Center and Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747Garching bei MünchenGermany
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16
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Guan S, Pickl T, Jandl C, Schuchmann L, Zhou X, Altmann PJ, Pöthig A. Triazolate-based pillarplexes: shape-adaptive metallocavitands via rim modification of macrocyclic ligands. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00588j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Rim-modified pillarplexes are prepared by a macrocycle-templated synthesis strategy. They exhibit a shape-adaptive behaviour and complementary H-bonding, showing that rim modification can modulate the flexibility and functionality of the cavitand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyang Guan
- Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- D-85748 Garching b. München
- Germany
| | - Thomas Pickl
- Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- D-85748 Garching b. München
- Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- D-85748 Garching b. München
- Germany
| | - Leon Schuchmann
- Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- D-85748 Garching b. München
- Germany
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- D-85748 Garching b. München
- Germany
| | - Philipp J. Altmann
- Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- D-85748 Garching b. München
- Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- D-85748 Garching b. München
- Germany
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17
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Anticancer and antibacterial properties of trinuclear Cu(I), Ag(I) and Au(I) macrocyclic NHC/urea complexes. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Bernd MA, Dyckhoff F, Hofmann BJ, Böth AD, Schlagintweit JF, Oberkofler J, Reich RM, Kühn FE. Tuning the electronic properties of tetradentate iron-NHC complexes: Towards stable and selective epoxidation catalysts. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Bernd MA, Bauer EB, Oberkofler J, Bauer A, Reich RM, Kühn FE. Macrocyclic NHC complexes of group 10 elements with enlarged aromaticity for biological studies. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14106-14114. [PMID: 33016296 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02598d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Two sets of macrocyclic, bio-inspired, non-heme ligands are utilized for the synthesis of NiII, PdII and PtII complexes. The ligands consist of a 16-atom macrocycle, formed by four methylene bridged NHC moieties, with imidazole or benzimidazole as building blocks. The complexes exhibit a square planar coordination geometry and are characterized by NMR, ESI-MS, elemental analysis, SC-XRD and UV/Vis. For complexes incorporating benzimidazole, an evaluation of luminescence properties is performed, and is found that phosphorescence is present for the PdII derivative and there is fluorescence for the PtII derivative. Stability studies in cell culture medium are performed for subsequent MTT assays. Here, the NiII complexes show low to no activity, and PdII and PtII complexes exhibit remarkable low IC50 values in cisplatin resistant A2780cisR cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Bernd
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching b. München, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth B Bauer
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching b. München, Germany.
| | - Jens Oberkofler
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching b. München, Germany.
| | - Andreas Bauer
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching b. München, Germany.
| | - Robert M Reich
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching b. München, Germany.
| | - Fritz E Kühn
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching b. München, Germany.
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20
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Synthesis and Biological Studies on Dinuclear Gold(I) Complexes with Di-( N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Ligands Functionalized with Carbohydrates. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173850. [PMID: 32847116 PMCID: PMC7503629 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of novel metal complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands that display biological activity is an active research field in organometallic chemistry. One of the possible approaches consists of the use of NHC ligands functionalized with a carbohydrate moiety. Two novel Au(I)–Au(I) dinuclear complexes were synthesized; they present a neutral structure with one bridging diNHC ligand, having one or both heterocyclic rings decorated with a carbohydrate functionality. With the symmetric diNHC ligand, the dicationic dinuclear complex bearing two bridging diNHC ligands was also synthesized. The study was completed by analyzing the antiproliferative properties of these complexes, which were compared to the activity displayed by similar mononuclear Au(I) complexes and by the analogous bimetallic Au(I)–Au(I) complex not functionalized with carbohydrates.
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21
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Schlagintweit JF, Hintermeier C, Anneser MR, Esslinger EHJ, Haslinger S, Kühn FE. Electronic Finetuning of a Bio-inspired Iron(II) tetra-NHC Complex by trans Axial Isocyanide Substitution. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:1896-1902. [PMID: 32202690 PMCID: PMC7687264 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of trans axially substituted mono- (1 a) and bis(tert-butylisocyanide) (1 b) derivatives of the highly active homogeneous bio-inspired iron(II) olefin epoxidation (pre-)catalyst 1 bearing an equatorial macrocyclic tetra N-heterocyclic carbene and two trans axial labile acetonitrile ligands is reported. NMR spectroscopy and SC-XRD indicate a considerable π-backdonation from the iron(II) centres to the isocyanide ligand(s). The impact of isocyanide substitution on the electronic features of the complexes is studied by cyclic voltammetry revealing a significant increase in half-cell potential assignable to the reversible Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox couple with an increasing number of isocyanides as a result of their π-accepting properties: E1/2 =0.15 V (1), E1/2 =0.35 V (1 a), E1/2 =0.44 V (1 b).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas F. Schlagintweit
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry DepartmentTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Carolin Hintermeier
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry DepartmentTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Markus R. Anneser
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry DepartmentTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Eva‐Maria H. J. Esslinger
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry DepartmentTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Stefan Haslinger
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry DepartmentTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry DepartmentTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
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22
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Schlagintweit JF, Dyckhoff F, Nguyen L, Jakob CH, Reich RM, Kühn FE. Mixed tetradentate NHC/1,2,3-triazole iron complexes bearing cis labile coordination sites as highly active catalysts in Lewis and Brønsted acid mediated olefin epoxidation. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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23
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DeJesus JF, Jenkins DM. A Chiral Macrocyclic Tetra-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Yields an "All Carbene" Iron Alkylidene Complex. Chemistry 2020; 26:1429-1435. [PMID: 31788868 PMCID: PMC7024548 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The first chiral macrocyclic tetra-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand has been synthesized. The macrocycle, prepared in high yield and large scale, was ligated onto palladium and iron to give divalent C2 -symmetric square planar complexes. Multinuclear NMR and single crystal X-ray diffraction demonstrated that there are two distinct NHCs on each ligand, due to the bridging chiral cyclohexane. Oxidation of the iron(II) complex with trimethylamine N-oxide yielded a bridging oxo complex. Diazodiphenylmethane reacted with the iron(II) complex at room temperature to give a paramagnetic diazoalkane complex; the same reaction yielded the "all carbene" complex at elevated temperature. Electrochemical measurements support the assignment of the "all carbene" complex being an alkylidene. Notably, the diazoalkane complex can be directly transformed into the alkylidene complex, which had not been previously demonstrated on iron. Finally, a test catalytic reaction with a diazoalkane on the iron(II) complex does not yield the expected cyclopropane, but actually the azine compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F DeJesus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
| | - David M Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
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24
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Donner A, Trepka B, Theiss S, Immler F, Traber J, Polarz S. NHC-Metallosurfactants as Active Polymerization Catalysts. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:16514-16520. [PMID: 31697085 PMCID: PMC6921685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation surfactants provide extended functionality apart from their amphiphilic properties. We present two novel metallosurfactants characterized by an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) head bearing Cu(I) and Fe(II). An innovative approach for their application in emulsion polymerizations under atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) conditions was developed. Thereby the complexes fulfilled the role of emulsifiers, active catalysts, and stabilization agents at once. Polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) yielded stable poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) colloids in water with the catalyst located at the surface of the colloids. The termination of PMMA with a bromine moiety enabled the subsequent copolymerization with styrene via macroinitiation and PMMA-polystyrene (PS) core-shell particles were obtained. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and selective gradient NMR experiments revealed a covalent linkage between the PMMA core and the PS shell.
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25
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Mageed AH. Chemistry of macrocyclic tetracarbene complexes: Synthesis, structure, reactivity and catalytic application. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.120965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Bauer EB, Bernd MA, Schütz M, Oberkofler J, Pöthig A, Reich RM, Kühn FE. Synthesis, characterization, and biological studies of multidentate gold(i) and gold(iii) NHC complexes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:16615-16625. [PMID: 31657405 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03183a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a novel macrocyclic Au(iii) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) imidazolyl complex, a novel macrocyclic tetra-NHC benzimidazole ligand, and the corresponding Ag(i) and Au(i) complexes are presented. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the Au(i) benzimidazolyl complex 3 reveals an unusual structure, differing from the respective Au(i) imidazolyl complex 4. Both complexes have a Au4L2 composition; however, 3 has two C-Au(i)-C units acting as a connection between the two ligands with two Au(i) atoms being linearly coordinated inside the cavity of the macrocyclic ligand. In the case of complex 4, the structure shows a box-type coordination with all four Au(i) atoms being located between the two ligands. Stability studies in cell culture medium are performed for subsequent MTT assays and they show an unprecedented proton-to-deuterium exchange of the methylene bridge of the Au(iii) imidazolyl complex. In MTT assays, the tetranuclear acyclic Au(i) complex 5 displays the lowest IC50 values in MCF-7, PC3, and A2780cisR cells with a selective cytotoxicity for MCF-7 and A2780cisR cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth B Bauer
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Marco A Bernd
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Max Schütz
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany. and Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Jens Oberkofler
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Single Crystal XRD Laboratory of the Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Robert M Reich
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Fritz E Kühn
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany.
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27
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Ghosh M, Cramer HH, Dechert S, Demeshko S, John M, Hansmann MM, Ye S, Meyer F. A μ-Phosphido Diiron Dumbbell in Multiple Oxidation States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14349-14356. [PMID: 31350785 PMCID: PMC6790664 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the ferrous complex [LFe(NCMe)2 ](OTf)2 (1), which contains a macrocyclic tetracarbene as ligand (L), with Na(OCP) generates the OCP- -ligated complex [LFe(PCO)(CO)]OTf (2) together with the dinuclear μ-phosphido complex [(LFe)2 P](OTf)3 (3), which features an unprecedented linear Fe-(μ-P)-Fe motif and a "naked" P-atom bridge that appears at δ=+1480 ppm in the 31 P NMR spectrum. 3 exhibits rich redox chemistry, and both the singly and doubly oxidized species 4 and 5 could be isolated and fully characterized. X-ray crystallography, spectroscopic studies, in combination with DFT computations provide a comprehensive electronic structure description and show that the Fe-(μ-P)-Fe core is highly covalent and structurally invariant over the series of oxidation states that are formally described as ranging from FeIII FeIII to FeIV FeIV . 3-5 now add a higher homologue set of complexes to the many systems with Fe-(μ-O)-Fe and Fe-(μ-N)-Fe core structures that are prominent in bioinorganic chemistry and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munmun Ghosh
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Hanna H. Cramer
- Max-Planck Institut für Chemische EnergiekonversionStiftstrasse 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Michael John
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Max M. Hansmann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Shengfa Ye
- Max-Planck Institut für KohlenforschungStiftstrasse 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
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28
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Ghosh M, Cramer HH, Dechert S, Demeshko S, John M, Hansmann MM, Ye S, Meyer F. A μ‐Phosphido Diiron Dumbbell in Multiple Oxidation States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Munmun Ghosh
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Hanna H. Cramer
- Max-Planck Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Michael John
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Max M. Hansmann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Shengfa Ye
- Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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29
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Li Z, Wiratpruk N, Barnard PJ. Stepwise Synthesis of Tetra-imidazolium Macrocycles and Their N-Heterocyclic Carbene Metal Complexes. Front Chem 2019; 7:270. [PMID: 31069216 PMCID: PMC6491846 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A modular stepwise synthetic method has been developed for the preperation of tetra-imidazolium macrocycles. Initially a series of three bis(imidazolylmethyl)benzene precursors were alkylated with 1,2-dibromoethane to produce the corresponding bis-bromoethylimidazolium bromide salts. In the second step the bis-bromoethylimidazolium bromide salts were reacted with selected bis(imidazolylmethyl)benzene molecules to produce a series of two symmetrical and three asymmetrical tetra-imidazolium macrocycles. These tetra-imidazolium salts act receptors for anions and 1H-NMR titration studies were used to determine the association constants between two of the macrocycles and the halide anions chloride, bromide and iodide. The tetra-imidazolium salts are precursors for N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands and the corresponding silver(I), gold(I), and palladium(II) NHC complexes have been prepared. Varied structures were obtained, which depend on the chosen macrocyclic ligand and metal ion and in the case of the coinage metals Ag(I) and Au(I), mono, di, and hexanuclear complexes were formed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter J. Barnard
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Anneser MR, Elpitiya GR, Powers XB, Jenkins DM. Toward a Porphyrin-Style NHC: A 16-Atom Ringed Dianionic Tetra-NHC Macrocycle and Its Fe(II) and Fe(III) Complexes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus R. Anneser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Gaya R. Elpitiya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Xian B. Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - David M. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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Schremmer C, Cordes (née Kupper) C, Klawitter I, Bergner M, Schiewer CE, Dechert S, Demeshko S, John M, Meyer F. Spin‐State Variations of Iron(III) Complexes with Tetracarbene Macrocycles. Chemistry 2019; 25:3918-3929. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Schremmer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Göttingen Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | | | - Iris Klawitter
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Göttingen Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Marie Bergner
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Göttingen Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Christine E. Schiewer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Göttingen Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Göttingen Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Göttingen Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Michael John
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Göttingen Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Göttingen Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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32
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Pradeep T, Velusamy M, Mayilmurugan R. Novel iron(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene catalysts for efficient transfer hydrogenations under mild condition. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Ghavami ZS, Anneser MR, Kaiser F, Altmann PJ, Hofmann BJ, Schlagintweit JF, Grivani G, Kühn FE. A bench stable formal Cu(iii) N-heterocyclic carbene accessible from simple copper(ii) acetate. Chem Sci 2018; 9:8307-8314. [PMID: 30542579 PMCID: PMC6240905 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01834k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The first stable formal Cu(iii) NHC and its unusual reactivity with acetate are reported. Several products of this reaction are identified and fully characterised. It reactivity is extensively investigated and additionally explored by means of theoretical, electrochemical and isotope labelling experiments.
For years, Cu(iii)NHCs have been proposed as active intermediates in Cu(i)NHC catalyzed reactions, yielding the desired products by reductive elimination, but until today, no one has ever reported the characterisation of such a compound. When working on the synthesis of biomimetic transition metal (NHC) complexes and their application in homogeneous catalysis, we recently found a highly unusual reactivity for Cu(ii) acetate in the presence of a particular cyclic tetra(NHC) ligand. Therein, the formation of the first stable CuNHC compound, displaying Cu in the formal oxidation state +III, by simple disproportionation of Cu(ii) acetate in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was observed. At elevated temperatures selective mono-oxidation of the NHC ligand occurs, even under anaerobic conditions. Acetate was identified as the origin of the oxygen atom by 18O-labelling experiments. The remarkably high stability of the title compound was furthermore proven electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry. An in-depth investigation of its reactivity revealed the involvement of four additional compounds. Three of them could be isolated and characterised by 1H/13C-NMR, single crystal XRD, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The fourth, a Cu(i)NHC intermediate, formed by formal reductive elimination from the Cu(NHC)3+ compound, was characterised in situ by 1H/13C-NMR and computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh S Ghavami
- School of Chemistry , Damghan University , Damghan 36715-364 , Iran
| | - Markus R Anneser
- Molecular Catalysis , Catalysis Research Center and Faculty of Chemistry , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85747 Garching bei München , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 89 289 13096
| | - Felix Kaiser
- Molecular Catalysis , Catalysis Research Center and Faculty of Chemistry , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85747 Garching bei München , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 89 289 13096
| | - Philipp J Altmann
- Molecular Catalysis , Catalysis Research Center and Faculty of Chemistry , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85747 Garching bei München , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 89 289 13096
| | - Benjamin J Hofmann
- Molecular Catalysis , Catalysis Research Center and Faculty of Chemistry , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85747 Garching bei München , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 89 289 13096
| | - Jonas F Schlagintweit
- Molecular Catalysis , Catalysis Research Center and Faculty of Chemistry , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85747 Garching bei München , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 89 289 13096
| | | | - Fritz E Kühn
- Molecular Catalysis , Catalysis Research Center and Faculty of Chemistry , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85747 Garching bei München , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 89 289 13096
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34
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Kosiorek S, Butkiewicz H, Danylyuk O, Sashuk V. Pillar[6]pyridinium: a hexagonally shaped molecular box that selectively recognizes multicharged anionic species. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6316-6319. [PMID: 29856451 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03353f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A sextuply charged cyclic cationic receptor with an extraordinary structure and unprecedented binding properties is presented. The macrocycle consists of six pyridinium ions connected by methylene linkers with an electron-deficient cavity inside. In the solid state, the cavity is padded with an organized water network that gives the macrocycle a hexagonal shape. In water, the cavity is more flexible and selectively accommodates anionic species. Of the ions of similar size the macrocycle binds most strongly those with the largest negative charge. When the net charge is the same, the most preferred are anions with delocalized charge rather that those with localized charge; remarkably, the former form inclusion complexes, while the latter are complexed externally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kosiorek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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35
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Fei F, Lu T, Yang C, Chen X, Xue Z. Synthesis, Structures, and Catalytic Properties of Dinuclear Iridium(I) Complexes with a Hexadentate Macrocyclic Diamine‐Tetracarbene Ligand. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University 210023 Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Taotao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University 210023 Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Chu‐Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University 210023 Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Xue‐Tai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University 210023 Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Zi‐Ling Xue
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee 37996 Knoxville Tennessee USA
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36
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Lu T, Liu Z, Steren CA, Fei F, Cook TM, Chen XT, Xue ZL. Synthesis, structural characterization and NMR studies of group 10 metal complexes with macrocyclic amine N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:4282-4292. [PMID: 29487933 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04666a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of Ni(ii), Pd(ii) and Pt(ii) complexes [ML][PF6]2 [L = L1, M = Ni (1), Pd (2), Pt (3); L = L2, M = Ni (4), Pd (5), Pt (6)] and [Pt(L2)(acac)] (7) have been prepared by the reactions of two tetradentate macrocyclic amine-NHC ligand precursors, [H2L1][PF6]2 and [H2L2][PF6]2, with Ni(OAc)2·4H2O, Pd(OAc)2 and Pt(acac)2 in the presence of NaOAc. Complex 7 is isolated along with 6 from the same reaction between [H2L2][PF6]2 and Pt(acac)2. There are two atropisomers in 1-3 and two achiral conformers in 4-6. The crystal structures of 1-3 and one conformer of 4-6 (4a-6a) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The metal ion is found to reside in the cavity of the macrocyclic ring and adopts a square-planar configuration. Detailed NMR studies including variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy reveal a dynamic interconverting process between two atropisomers of 1-3 in the solutions via a ring twisting mechanism. Two conformers in the equilibrated solution of 4-6, probably arising from the orientation of two amine N-H bonds with respect to the coordination plane, exchange slowly. Time-dependent 1H NMR spectra show that one conformer (4a-6a) in solution converts into the other (4b-6b) via the inversion of the nitrogen atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
| | - Carlos A Steren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
| | - Fan Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Tabitha M Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
| | - Xue-Tai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zi-Ling Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
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37
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Lindhorst AC, Kaspar M, Altmann PJ, Pöthig A, Kühn FE. Synthesis, characterization and derivatization of hydroxyl-functionalized iron(ii) bis(NHC) complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:1857-1867. [PMID: 29337326 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04774f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of a novel hydroxyl-functionalized tetradentate NHC/pyridine hybrid ligand and the corresponding Ag(i) and Fe(ii) complexes are presented. Spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction techniques are used for structural investigations and cyclic voltammetry measurements reveal interesting electronic properties. Transmetalation of the trinuclear Ag(i) complex (C1) yields a mononuclear and a dinuclear iron(ii) bis(NHC) complex (C2 and C3), which can be separated by stepwise precipitation. The former is isostructural to iron(ii) bis(NHC) complex A, which is a versatile oxidation catalyst. Furthermore, suitable conditions for esterification reactions of the ligand precursor and iron(ii) bis(NHC) complex (C2) have been established, demonstrating the utility of the hydroxyl functionality for immobilization and derivatization purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja C Lindhorst
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching bei München, Germany.
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38
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Esteruelas MA, López AM, Oñate E, San-Torcuato A, Tsai JY, Xia C. Preparation of Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes with a Dianionic C,C,C,C-Tetradentate Ligand. Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M. López
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ainhoa San-Torcuato
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jui-Yi Tsai
- Universal Display Corporation, 375 Phillips Boulevard, Ewing, New Jersey 08618, United States
| | - Chuanjun Xia
- Universal Display Corporation, 375 Phillips Boulevard, Ewing, New Jersey 08618, United States
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39
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Kosiorek S, Rosa B, Boinski T, Butkiewicz H, Szymański MP, Danylyuk O, Szumna A, Sashuk V. Pillar[4]pyridinium: a square-shaped molecular box. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:13320-13323. [PMID: 29199297 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08562a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous applications of Stoddart's 'blue-box', a pyridinium containing macrocycle of rectangular shape, encouraged us to seek successors of this amazing molecule. Using a one-step cyclization reaction we synthesized a square-shaped cyclic tetramer consisting of 4-methylenepyridinium units - pillar[4]pyridinium (P[4]P). Pillar[4]pyridinium is a quadruply positively charged water-soluble macrocycle with a highly symmetric, strained structure and an electron-deficient cavity. These features impel the macrocycle to assemble into channel networks in the solid state and render it an effective fluoride receptor in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kosiorek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-248 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Bartłomiej Rosa
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-248 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Boinski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-248 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Helena Butkiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-248 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marek P Szymański
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-248 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Oksana Danylyuk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-248 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Szumna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-248 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Volodymyr Sashuk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-248 Warsaw, Poland.
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40
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Speciation in iron epoxidation catalysis: A perspective on the discovery and role of non-heme iron(III)-hydroperoxo species in iron-catalyzed oxidation reactions. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Kupper C, Mondal B, Serrano-Plana J, Klawitter I, Neese F, Costas M, Ye S, Meyer F. Nonclassical Single-State Reactivity of an Oxo-Iron(IV) Complex Confined to Triplet Pathways. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8939-8949. [PMID: 28557448 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
C-H bond activation mediated by oxo-iron (IV) species represents the key step of many heme and nonheme O2-activating enzymes. Of crucial interest is the effect of spin state of the FeIV(O) unit. Here we report the C-H activation kinetics and corresponding theoretical investigations of an exclusive tetracarbene ligated oxo-iron(IV) complex, [LNHCFeIV(O)(MeCN)]2+ (1). Kinetic traces using substrates with bond dissociation energies (BDEs) up to 80 kcal mol-1 show pseudo-first-order behavior and large but temperature-dependent kinetic isotope effects (KIE 32 at -40 °C). When compared with a topologically related oxo-iron(IV) complex bearing an equatorial N-donor ligand, [LTMCFeIV(O) (MeCN)]2+ (A), the tetracarbene complex 1 is significantly more reactive with second order rate constants k'2 that are 2-3 orders of magnitude higher. UV-vis experiments in tandem with cryospray mass spectrometry evidence that the reaction occurs via formation of a hydroxo-iron(III) complex (4) after the initial H atom transfer (HAT). An extensive computational study using a wave function based multireference approach, viz. complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) followed by N-electron valence perturbation theory up to second order (NEVPT2), provided insight into the HAT trajectories of 1 and A. Calculated free energy barriers for 1 reasonably agree with experimental values. Because the strongly donating equatorial tetracarbene pushes the Fe-dx2-y2 orbital above dz2, 1 features a dramatically large quintet-triplet gap of ∼18 kcal/mol compared to ∼2-3 kcal/mol computed for A. Consequently, the HAT process performed by 1 occurs on the triplet surface only, in contrast to complex A reported to feature two-state-reactivity with contributions from both triplet and quintet states. Despite this, the reactive FeIV(O) units in 1 and A undergo the same electronic-structure changes during HAT. Thus, the unique complex 1 represents a pure "triplet-only" ferryl model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kupper
- Universität Göttingen , Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bhaskar Mondal
- Max-Planck Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion , Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Joan Serrano-Plana
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Quimica, Universitat de Girona , Campus Montilivi, E17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Iris Klawitter
- Universität Göttingen , Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion , Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Miquel Costas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Quimica, Universitat de Girona , Campus Montilivi, E17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Shengfa Ye
- Max-Planck Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion , Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Universität Göttingen , Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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42
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Charra V, de Frémont P, Braunstein P. Multidentate N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of the 3d metals: Synthesis, structure, reactivity and catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Cantú Reinhard FG, de Visser SP. Oxygen Atom Transfer Using an Iron(IV)-Oxo Embedded in a Tetracyclic N-Heterocyclic Carbene System: How Does the Reactivity Compare to Cytochrome P450 Compound I? Chemistry 2017; 23:2935-2944. [PMID: 28052598 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) are commonly featured as ligands in transition metal catalysis. Recently, a cyclic system containing four NHC groups with a central iron atom was synthesized and its iron(IV)-oxo species, [FeIV (O)(cNHC4 )]2+ , was characterized. This tetracyclic NHC ligand system may give the iron(IV)-oxo species unique catalytic properties as compared to traditional non-heme and heme iron ligand systems. Therefore, we performed a computational study on the structure and reactivity of the [FeIV (O)(cNHC4 )]2+ complex in substrate hydroxylation and epoxidation reactions. The reactivity patterns are compared with cytochrome P450 Compound I and non-heme iron(IV)-oxo models and it is shown that the [FeIV (O)(cNHC4 )]2+ system is an effective oxidant with oxidative power analogous to P450 Compound I. Unfortunately, in polar solvents, a solvent molecule will bind to the sixth ligand position and decrease the catalytic activity of the oxidant. A molecular orbital and valence bond analysis provides insight into the origin of the reactivity differences and makes predictions of how to further exploit these systems in chemical catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián G Cantú Reinhard
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Sam P de Visser
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
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44
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Fei F, Lu T, Chen XT, Xue ZL. Synthesis and structural characterization of metal complexes with macrocyclic tetracarbene ligands. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02485a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen Ag(i), Au(i), Ni(ii), Pd(ii) and Pt(ii) complexes were prepared with macrocyclic tetradentate N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Taotao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Xue-Tai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Zi-Ling Xue
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
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45
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Iron(II) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes in catalytic one-pot Wittig reactions: Mechanistic insights. J Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2016.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Alabau RG, Esteruelas MA, Oliván M, Oñate E, Palacios AU, Tsai JY, Xia C. Osmium(II) Complexes Containing a Dianionic CCCC-Donor Tetradentate Ligand. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto G. Alabau
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Montserrat Oliván
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Adrián U. Palacios
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jui-Yi Tsai
- Universal Display Corporation, 375 Phillips Boulevard, Ewing, New Jersey 08618, United States
| | - Chuanjun Xia
- Universal Display Corporation, 375 Phillips Boulevard, Ewing, New Jersey 08618, United States
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47
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Kupper C, Rees JA, Dechert S, DeBeer S, Meyer F. Complete Series of {FeNO}(8), {FeNO}(7), and {FeNO}(6) Complexes Stabilized by a Tetracarbene Macrocycle. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7888-98. [PMID: 27191681 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Use of a macrocyclic tetracarbene ligand, which is topologically reminiscent of tetrapyrrole macrocycles though electronically distinct, has allowed for the isolation, X-ray crystallographic characterization and comprehensive spectroscopic investigation of a complete set of {FeNO}(x) complexes (x = 6, 7, 8). Electrochemical reduction, or chemical reduction with CoCp2, of the {FeNO}(7) complex 1 leads to the organometallic {FeNO}(8) species 2. Its crystallographic structure determination is the first for a nonheme iron nitroxyl {FeNO}(8) and has allowed to identify structural trends among the series of {FeNO}(x) complexes. Combined experimental data including (57)Fe Mössbauer, IR, UV-vis-NIR, NMR and Kβ X-ray emission spectroscopies in concert with DFT calculations suggest a largely metal centered reduction of 1 to form the low spin (S = 0) {FeNO}(8) species 2. The very strong σ-donor character of the tetracarbene ligand imparts unusual properties and spectroscopic signatures such as low (57)Fe Mössbauer isomer shifts and linear Fe-N-O units with high IR stretching frequencies for the NO ligand. The observed metal-centered reduction leads to distinct reactivity patterns of the {FeNO}(8) species. In contrast to literature reported {FeNO}(8) complexes, 2 does not undergo NO protonation under strictly anaerobic conditions. Only in the presence of both dioxygen and protons is rapid and clean oxidation to the {FeNO}(7) complex 1 observed. While 1 is stable toward dioxygen, its reaction with dioxygen under NO atmosphere forms the {FeNO}(6)(ONO) complex 3 that features an unusual O-nitrito ligand trans to the NO. 3 is a rare example of a nonheme octahedral {FeNO}(6) complex. Its electrochemical or chemical reduction triggers dissociation of the O-nitrito ligand and sequential formation of the {FeNO}(7) and {FeNO}(8) compounds 1 and 2. A consistent electronic structure picture has been derived for these unique organometallic variants of the key bioinorganic {FeNO}(x) functional units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kupper
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität , Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julian A Rees
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität , Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität , Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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48
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Hollering M, Weiss DT, Bitzer MJ, Jandl C, Kühn FE. Controlling Coordination Geometries: Ru–Carbene Complexes with Tetra-NHC Ligands. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:6010-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Hollering
- Department of Chemistry & Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85747 Garching bei München, Germany
- SC
XRD Laboratory, Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Daniel T. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry & Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Mario J. Bitzer
- Department of Chemistry & Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- SC
XRD Laboratory, Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Department of Chemistry & Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85747 Garching bei München, Germany
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49
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Altmann PJ, Weiss DT, Jandl C, Kühn FE. Exploring Coordination Modes: Late Transition Metal Complexes with a Methylene-bridged Macrocyclic Tetra-NHC Ligand. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:1597-605. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp J. Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Daniel T. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Single Crystal XRD Laboratory of the Catalysis Research Center; Technische Universität München; Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1 85747 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching bei München Germany
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50
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Kück JW, Reich RM, Kühn FE. Molecular Epoxidation Reactions Catalyzed by Rhenium, Molybdenum, and Iron Complexes. CHEM REC 2016; 16:349-64. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens W. Kück
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center; Technische Universität München (TUM); Lichtenbergstr. 4 D-85747 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Robert M. Reich
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center; Technische Universität München (TUM); Lichtenbergstr. 4 D-85747 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center; Technische Universität München (TUM); Lichtenbergstr. 4 D-85747 Garching bei München Germany
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