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Rahm M, Zeng T, Hoffmann R. Electronegativity Seen as the Ground-State Average Valence Electron Binding Energy. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:342-351. [PMID: 30499303 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a new electronegativity scale for atoms, based consistently on ground-state energies of valence electrons. The scale is closely related to (yet different from) L. C. Allen's, which is based on configuration energies. Using a combination of literature experimental values for ground-state energies and ab initio-calculated energies where experimental data are missing, we are able to provide electronegativities for elements 1-96. The values are slightly smaller than Allen's original scale, but correlate well with Allen's and others. Outliers in agreement with other scales are oxygen and fluorine, now somewhat less electronegative, but in better agreement with their chemistry with the noble gas elements. Group 11 and 12 electronegativities emerge as high, although Au less so than in other scales. Our scale also gives relatively high electronegativities for Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Tc, Cd, Hg (affected by choice of valence state), and Gd. The new electronegativities provide hints for new alloy/compound design, and a framework is in place to analyze those energy changes in reactions in which electronegativity changes may not be controlling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rahm
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry , Carleton University , Ottawa , Ontario K1S 5B6 , Canada
| | - Roald Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
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High-Pressure Reactivity of Kr and F2—Stabilization of Krypton in the +4 Oxidation State. CRYSTALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst7110329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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The Impact of Larger Basis Sets and Explicitly Correlated Coupled Cluster Theory on the Feller–Peterson–Dixon Composite Method. ANNUAL REPORTS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.arcc.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Gao K, Sheng L. Theoretical investigation of HNgNH3(+) ions (Ng = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe). J Chem Phys 2015; 142:144301. [PMID: 25877572 DOI: 10.1063/1.4916648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The equilibrium geometries, harmonic frequencies, and dissociation energies of HNgNH3(+) ions (Ng = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) were investigated using the following method: Becke-3-parameter-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP), Boese-Matrin for Kinetics (BMK), second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), and coupled-cluster with single and double excitations as well as perturbative inclusion of triples (CCSD(T)). The results indicate that HHeNH3(+), HArNH3(+), HKrNH3(+), and HXeNH3(+) ions are metastable species that are protected from decomposition by high energy barriers, whereas the HNeNH3(+) ion is unstable because of its relatively small energy barrier for decomposition. The bonding nature of noble-gas atoms in HNgNH3(+) was also analyzed using the atoms in molecules approach, natural energy decomposition analysis, and natural bond orbital analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunqi Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Sheng
- Department of Chemistry, Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Haner
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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Nabiev SS, Sokolov VB, Chaivanov BB. Molecular and crystal structures of noble gas compounds. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Thanthiriwatte KS, Vasiliu M, Dixon DA, Christe KO. Structural and Energetic Properties of Closed Shell XFn (X = Cl, Br, and I; n = 1–7) and XOnFm (X = Cl, Br, and I; n = 1–3; m = 0–6) Molecules and Ions Leading to Stability Predictions for Yet Unknown Compounds. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:10966-82. [DOI: 10.1021/ic301438b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Sahan Thanthiriwatte
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336,
Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Monica Vasiliu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336,
Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336,
Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Karl O. Christe
- Loker Research
Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661,
United States
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Peterson KA, Dixon DA, Stoll H. The Use of Explicitly Correlated Methods on XeF6 Predicts a C3v Minimum with a Sterically Active, Free Valence Electron Pair on Xe. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:9777-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3084259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirk A. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630,
United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Hermann Stoll
- Institut
für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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Vasiliu M, Grant DJ, Feller D, Dixon DA. Heats of Formation of MHxCly (M = Si, P, As, Sb) Compounds and Main Group Fluorides from High Level Electronic Structure Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:3717-27. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2119229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Vasiliu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa,
Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Daniel J. Grant
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa,
Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - David Feller
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630,
United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa,
Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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Theoretical investigation of the noble gas molecular anions XAuNgX− and HAuNgX− (X = F, Cl, Br; Ng = Xe, Kr, Ar). Struct Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-012-9978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Grochala W. A metastable He–O bond inside a ferroelectric molecular cavity: (HeO)(LiF)2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:14860-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42321a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Grant DJ, Wang TH, Vasiliu M, Dixon DA, Christe KO. F+ and F− Affinities of Simple NxFy and OxFy Compounds. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:1914-25. [DOI: 10.1021/ic102310v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Grant
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Tsang-Hsiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Monica Vasiliu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Karl O. Christe
- Loker Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
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Christe KO, Dixon DA, Haiges R, Hopfinger M, Jackson VE, Klapötke TM, Krumm B, Scherr M. Selenium(IV) fluoride and oxofluoride anions. J Fluor Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Grant DJ, Wang TH, Dixon DA, Christe KO. Heats of formation of XeF(3)(+), XeF(3)(-), XeF(5)(+), XeF(7)(+), XeF(7)(-), and XeF(8) from high level electronic structure calculations. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:261-70. [PMID: 19994867 DOI: 10.1021/ic901956g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Atomization energies at 0 K and heats of formation at 0 and 298 K are predicted for XeF(3)(+), XeF(3)(-), XeF(5)(+), XeF(7)(+), XeF(7)(-), and XeF(8) from coupled cluster theory (CCSD(T)) calculations with effective core potential correlation-consistent basis sets for Xe and including correlation of the nearest core electrons. Additional corrections are included to achieve near chemical accuracy of +/-1 kcal/mol. Vibrational zero point energies were computed at the MP2 level of theory. Unlike the other neutral xenon fluorides, XeF(8) is predicted to be thermodynamically unstable with respect to loss of F(2) with the reaction calculated to be exothermic by 22.3 kcal/mol at 0 K. XeF(7)(+) is also predicted to be thermodynamically unstable with respect to the loss of F(2) by 24.1 kcal/mol at 0 K. For XeF(3)(+), XeF(5)(+), XeF(3)(-), XeF(5)(-), and XeF(7)(-), the reactions for loss of F(2) are endothermic by 14.8, 37.8, 38.2, 59.6, and 31.9 kcal/mol at 0 K, respectively. The F(+) affinities of Xe, XeF(2), XeF(4), and XeF(6) are predicted to be 165.1, 155.3, 172.7, and 132.5 kcal/mol, and the corresponding F(-) affinities are 6.3, 19.9, 59.1, and 75.0 kcal/mol at 0 K, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Grant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, USA
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