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Papanikolaou MG, Simaioforidou AV, Drouza C, Tsipis AC, Miras HN, Keramidas AD, Louloudi M, Kabanos TA. A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Oxidation Catalysis by cis-[V IV(O)(Cl/F)(N 4)] + Species Mimicking the Active Center of Metal-Enzymes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18434-18449. [PMID: 36357045 PMCID: PMC9682486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
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Reaction
of VIVOCl2 with the nonplanar
tetradentate
N4 bis-quinoline ligands yielded four oxidovanadium(IV)
compounds of the general formula cis-[VIV(O)(Cl)(N4)]Cl. Sequential treatment of the two nonmethylated
N4 oxidovanadium(IV) compounds with KF and NaClO4 resulted in the isolation of the species with the general formula cis-[VIV(O)(F)(N4)]ClO4. In marked contrast, the methylated N4 oxidovanadium(IV)
derivatives are inert toward KF reaction due to steric hindrance,
as evidenced by EPR and theoretical calculations. The oxidovanadium(IV)
compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis,
cw EPR spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility. The crystallographic
characterization showed that the vanadium compounds have a highly
distorted octahedral coordination environment and the d(VIV–F) = 1.834(1) Å is the shortest to be
reported for (oxido)(fluorido)vanadium(IV) compounds. The experimental
EPR parameters of the VIVO2+ species deviate
from the ones calculated by the empirical additivity relationship
and can be attributed to the axial donor atom trans to the oxido group
and the distorted VIV coordination environment. The vanadium
compounds act as catalysts toward alkane oxidation by aqueous H2O2 with moderate ΤΟΝ up to 293
and product yields of up to 29% (based on alkane); the vanadium(IV)
is oxidized to vanadium(V), and the ligands remain bound to the vanadium
atom during the catalysis, as determined by 51V and 1H NMR spectroscopies. The cw X-band EPR studies proved that
the mechanism of the catalytic reaction is through hydroxyl radicals.
The chloride substitution reaction in the cis-[VIV(O)(Cl)(N4)]+ species by fluoride and
the mechanism of the alkane oxidation were studied by DFT calculations. Highly distorted N4−oxidovanadium(IV), cis-[VIV(=O)(Cl/F)(N4)]+, compounds mimicking the distorted coordination environment of the
metal-ion in metal-enzymes’ active center catalyze oxidation
of alkanes. The structural distortion results in significant deviation
of the cw EPR parameters from the expected ones and equilibrium between
six- and five- coordinate species in solution. DFT studies show that
distortion, steric hindrance, and the coordinated halogen define the
catalytic mechanism of oxidation of alkanes by cis-[VIV(=O)(Cl/F)(N4)]+ compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Papanikolaou
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina45110, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia1678, Cyprus
| | - Anastasia V. Simaioforidou
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina45110, Greece
| | - Chryssoula Drouza
- Department of Agricultural Production, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Athanassios C. Tsipis
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina45110, Greece
| | | | | | - Maria Louloudi
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina45110, Greece
| | - Themistoklis A. Kabanos
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina45110, Greece
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2
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Copolymerization of Ethylene with Selected Vinyl Monomers Catalyzed by Group 4 Metal and Vanadium Complexes with Multidentate Ligands: A Short Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13244456. [PMID: 34961007 PMCID: PMC8708287 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper gives a short overview of homogeneous post-metallocene catalysts based on group 4 metal and vanadium complexes bearing multidentate ligands. It summarizes the catalytic behavior of those catalysts in copolymerization of ethylene with 1-olefins, with styrenic monomers and with α,ω-alkenols. The review is focused on finding correlations between the structure of a complex, its catalyst activity and comonomer incorporation ability, as well as the microstructure of the copolymer chains.
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3
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Ishikura H, Neven R, Lange T, Galetová A, Blom B, Romano D. Developments in vanadium-catalysed polymerisation reactions: A review. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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4
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Yi J, Nakatani N, Nomura K. Solution XANES and EXAFS analysis of active species of titanium, vanadium complex catalysts in ethylene polymerisation/dimerisation and syndiospecific styrene polymerisation. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:8008-8028. [PMID: 32432279 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01139h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic studies in homogeneous catalysis through the solution transition metal K Edge XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) and EXAFS (Extended X-ray absorption fine structure) analysis for vanadium and titanium complex catalysts for ethylene polymerisation/dimerization, and syndiospecific styrene polymerisation, including interpretation of the XANES spectra, have been introduced. The core excitation spectra of the complexes based on the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) can be used to interpret the Ti and V K-edge features and to extract information on the electronic structure from the XANES spectra. Theoretical calculations and experimental XAS analysis should have great potential for analysing the active species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
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Hao Z, Li F, Gao W. o
‐Trityl phenoxy‐imino vanadium (III) complexes: synthesis, characterization, and catalysis on ethylene (co)polymerization. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Hao
- College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry & Material ScienceHebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 China
| | - Feng Li
- College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Wei Gao
- College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 China
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Far BS, Grivani G, Khalaji AD, Khorshidi M, Gholizadeh A. A new six coordinated oxidovanadium(IV) Schiff base complex: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, thermal study and antibacterial activity. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Liu CC, Liu Q, Yiu SM, Chan MCW. Group 4 Post-Metallocenes Supported by [OCH2N,C(σ-aryl)] Auxiliaries Bearing a Seven-Membered Metallacycle: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cham-Chuen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael C. W. Chan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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8
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Wang CJ, Lin H, Chen X, Jia AQ, Zhang QF. Ruthenium complexes bearing tridentate 2-(methylthio)phenylsalicylaldimine Schiff-base ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Moriuchi T, Sakuramoto T, Nishina M, Kawai R, Hirao T. Structural Characterization of (Arylimido)vanadium(V) Compounds with 2,6-Difluorophenoxide Ligand. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201700205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Moriuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871 Osaka Japan
| | - Takashi Sakuramoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871 Osaka Japan
| | - Masafumi Nishina
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871 Osaka Japan
| | - Ryota Kawai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871 Osaka Japan
| | - Toshikazu Hirao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871 Osaka Japan
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10
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Wang K, Wang J, Li Y, Pan L, Li Y. Facile, Efficient Copolymerization of Ethylene with Norbornene-Containing Dienes Promoted by Single Site Non-Metallocene Oxovanadium(V) Catalytic System. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9080353. [PMID: 30971031 PMCID: PMC6418877 DOI: 10.3390/polym9080353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-metallocene oxovanadium(V) complexes bearing either [ONNO]-type amine pyridine bis(phenolate) ligands or [ONN]-type amine pyridine phenolate ligands were employed as efficient catalysts to copolymerize ethylene with several unsymmetrical norbornene-containing dienes, such as 5-vinyl-2-norbornene (VNB), 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB) or dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), producing copolymers with high comonomer incorporations (VNB: 33.0 mol %; ENB: 30.4 mol %; DCPD: 31.6 mol %, respectively) and high molecular weight (VNB: 86.4 kDa; ENB: 256 kDa; DCPD: 86.4 kDa, respectively). The enchainment of the dienes was proven to be exclusive of vinyl-addition via the C=C double bond of the norbornene ring while the other double bond was retained near the backbone without crosslinking. During the copolymerization of ethylene with ENB, a positive ‘comonomer effect’ was observed. The catalytic activities of the catalysts as well as the molecular weights and comonomer incorporations of the resultant copolymers could be tuned within a wide range by varying the structures of the catalysts and copolymerization conditions. The [ONN]-type oxovanadium(V) complexes showed higher catalytic activities than those of [ONNO]-type oxovanadium(V) complexes, irrespective of the structure of the dienes. In addition, the dominant chain transfer pathway of the non-metallocene oxovanadium(V) catalytic system promoted copolymerization was proven to be transfer to aluminum compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiti Wang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Jiabao Wang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Yanguo Li
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Li Pan
- Tianjin Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Tianjin Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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11
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Sakuramoto T, Hirao T, Moriuchi T. Structural Characterization of Chiral Vanadium(V) Compounds with V=N Bond. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sakuramoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871
| | - Toshikazu Hirao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871
| | - Toshiyuki Moriuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871
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12
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Nievergelt PP, Spingler B. Growing single crystals of small molecules by thermal recrystallization, a viable option even for minute amounts of material? CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce02222g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Kober E, Janas Z, Jezierska J. Oxidation of 1-Methyl-1-phenylhydrazine with Oxidovanadium(V)–Salan Complexes: Insight into the Pathway to the Formation of Hydrazine by Vanadium Nitrogenase. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:10888-10898. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kober
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14, F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zofia Janas
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14, F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Julia Jezierska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14, F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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14
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Wang JB, Lu LP, Liu JY, Mu HL, Li YS. [ONNO]-type oxovanadium(V) complexes containing amine pyridine bis(phenolate) ligands: synthesis, characterization and catalytic behavior for ethylene (co)polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Ma J, Zhao KQ, Walton M, Wright JA, Hughes DL, Elsegood MRJ, Michiue K, Sun X, Redshaw C. Tri- and tetra-dentate imine vanadyl complexes: synthesis, structure and ethylene polymerization/ring opening polymerization capability. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:16698-706. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01448k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Wang JB, Lu LP, Liu JY, Li YS. [ONN]-type amine pyridine(s) phenolate-based oxovanadium(v) catalysts for ethylene homo- and copolymerization. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:12926-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01166j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Yankey M, Obuah C, Darkwa J. Phenoxysalicylaldimine-Bearing Chromium(III) Precatalysts for Ethylene Polymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Yankey
- Department of Chemistry; University of Johannesburg; Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park Johannesburg 2006 South Africa
| | - Collins Obuah
- Department of Chemistry; University of Johannesburg; Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park Johannesburg 2006 South Africa
| | - James Darkwa
- Department of Chemistry; University of Johannesburg; Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park Johannesburg 2006 South Africa
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18
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Soshnikov IE, Semikolenova NV, Antonov AA, Bryliakov KP, Zakharov VA, Talsi EP. 1H and 2H NMR Spectroscopic Characterization of Heterobinuclear Ion Pairs Formed upon the Activation of Bis(imino)pyridine Vanadium(III) Precatalysts with AlMe3/[Ph3C]+[B(C6F5)4]− and MAO. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500267e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor E. Soshnikov
- Boreskov
Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Nina V. Semikolenova
- Boreskov
Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Artem A. Antonov
- Boreskov
Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin P. Bryliakov
- Boreskov
Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A. Zakharov
- Boreskov
Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Evgenii P. Talsi
- Boreskov
Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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Galájov M, García C, Gómez M, Gómez-Sal P. Alkyl chlorido hydridotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate imido niobium and tantalum(V) complexes: synthesis, conformational states of alkyl groups in solid and solution, X-ray diffraction and multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:5747-58. [PMID: 24573068 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53353k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The alkylation of the starting pseudooctahedral dichlorido imido hydridotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate niobium and tantalum(v) compounds [MTp*Cl2(NtBu)] (M = Nb,Ta; Tp* = BH(3,5-Me2C3HN2)3) with MgClR in different conditions led to new alkyl chlorido imido derivatives [MTp*ClR(NtBu)] (M = Nb/Ta, R = CH2CH31a/1b, CH2Ph 2a/2b, CH2tBu 3a/3b, CH2SiMe34a/4b, CH2CMe2Ph 5a/5b), whereas the dimethyl derivatives [MTp*Me2(NtBu)] (M = Nb 6a, Ta 6b) could be isolated as unitary species when the reaction was carried out using 2 equivalents of the magnesium reagent MgClMe. However, the chlorido methyl [MTp*ClMe(NtBu)] (M = Nb 7a, Ta 7b) complexes were obtained by heating at 50 °C the dichlorido and dimethyl imido complexes mixtures in a 1 : 1 ratio. All of the complexes were studied by multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and the molecular structures of 1b, 2a/b, 3a/b, 4a and 5a/b were determined by X-ray diffraction methods. In the solid state the complexes 1b, 4a and 5a exhibit only a gauche-anti conformation and the complexes 2a/b, 3a/b and 5b exhibit only a gauche-syn conformation of the alkyl substituents, whereas both conformational states, which do not show mutual exchange in the NMR time scale, were observed for 3a/b in a benzene-d6 solution. The (15)N chemical shifts of the complexes 1-7 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Galájov
- Centro de Espectroscopia de RMN, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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20
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Copolymerization of ethylene with 10-undecen-1-ol using highly active vanadium(III) precatalysts bearing bis(imino)pyrrolyl ligands. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-014-1436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Oxovanadium(IV) complexes with [ONNO]-chelating ligands as catalysts for ethylene homo- and copolymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Ma J, Zhao KQ, Walton MJ, Wright JA, Frese JWA, Elsegood MRJ, Xing Q, Sun WH, Redshaw C. Vanadyl complexes bearing bi-dentate phenoxyimine ligands: synthesis, structural studies and ethylene polymerization capability. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:8300-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00021h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mono- and bi-vanadium bidentate phenoxyimine complexes have been structurally characterized. They are highly active ethylene polymerization catalysts in the presence of diethylaluminum chloride and ethyltrichloroacetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Sichuan Normal University
- Chengdu, China
| | - Ke-Qing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Sichuan Normal University
- Chengdu, China
| | - Mark J. Walton
- Energy Materials Laboratory
- School of Chemistry
- University of East Anglia
- Norwich, UK
| | - Joseph A. Wright
- Energy Materials Laboratory
- School of Chemistry
- University of East Anglia
- Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Qifeng Xing
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wen-Hua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, China
| | - Carl Redshaw
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Sichuan Normal University
- Chengdu, China
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hull
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23
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Moosun S, Laulloo SJ, Bhowon MG. Synthesis and coordination modes of metals with diaryl sulfides and its derivatives. Mini review. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Clowes L, Walton M, Redshaw C, Chao Y, Walton A, Elo P, Sumerin V, Hughes DL. Vanadium(iii) phenoxyimine complexes for ethylene or ε-caprolactone polymerization: mononuclear versus binuclear pre-catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cy20571h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Zhang X, Liu Z, Yi J, Huang H, Dou X, Zhen H, Huang Q, Gao K, Zhang M, Yang W. The investigation of novel non-metallocene catalysts with phenoxy-imine ligands for ethylene (co-)polymerization. POLYM INT 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Elorriaga D, Galajov M, Garcı́a C, Gómez M, Gómez-Sal P. Hydridotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate Dimethylamido Imido Niobium and Tantalum Complexes: Synthesis, Reactivity, Fluxional Behavior, and C–H Activation of the NMe2 Function. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300437e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Elorriaga
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica and ‡Centro
de Espectroscopia de RMN, Universidad de Alcalá,
Campus Universitario, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel Galajov
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica and ‡Centro
de Espectroscopia de RMN, Universidad de Alcalá,
Campus Universitario, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Carlos Garcı́a
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica and ‡Centro
de Espectroscopia de RMN, Universidad de Alcalá,
Campus Universitario, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica and ‡Centro
de Espectroscopia de RMN, Universidad de Alcalá,
Campus Universitario, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Pilar Gómez-Sal
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica and ‡Centro
de Espectroscopia de RMN, Universidad de Alcalá,
Campus Universitario, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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27
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Nishina M, Moriuchi T, Hirao T. One-Step Synthesis and Association of Alkylimidovanadium(V) Compounds. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20120017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Nishina
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Toshiyuki Moriuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Toshikazu Hirao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
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28
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Shaban SY, Ibrahim MM, Heinemann FW, Van Eldik R. Seven-coordinate iron(II) complexes of sulfur-based N3S2-macrocyclic ligands: synthesis, properties, and crystal structure. J COORD CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2012.663083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaban Y. Shaban
- a Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Egerlandstr. 1 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- b Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Kafrelsheikh University , Kafrelsheikh , Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Ibrahim
- b Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Kafrelsheikh University , Kafrelsheikh , Egypt
| | - Frank W. Heinemann
- a Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Egerlandstr. 1 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Rudi Van Eldik
- a Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Egerlandstr. 1 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
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29
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Marjani K, Mousavi M, Ahmadi E, Hughes DL. Synthesis and structural characterization of a flexible tetradentate ligand and its copper(I) coordination polymers. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Ethylene homopolymerizaton and copolymerizaton by vanadium(III) complexes containing tridentate or tetradentate iminopyrrolyl ligands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Terao H, Iwashita A, Matsukawa N, Ishii S, Mitani M, Tanaka H, Nakano T, Fujita T. Ethylene and Ethylene/α-Olefin (Co)Polymerization Behavior of Bis(phenoxy−imine)Ti Catalysts: Significant Substituent Effects on Activity and Comonomer Incorporation. ACS Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/cs100148a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Zhang S, Nomura K. (Imido)vanadium Complexes as Efficient Catalyst Precursors for Olefin Polymerization/Oligomerization. CATALYSIS SURVEYS FROM ASIA 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10563-011-9116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Makio H, Terao H, Iwashita A, Fujita T. FI Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization—A Comprehensive Treatment. Chem Rev 2011; 111:2363-449. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100294r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruyuki Makio
- Research Center, Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., 580-32 Nagaura, Sodegaura, Chiba 299-0265, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Terao
- Research Center, Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., 580-32 Nagaura, Sodegaura, Chiba 299-0265, Japan
| | - Akihiko Iwashita
- Research Center, Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., 580-32 Nagaura, Sodegaura, Chiba 299-0265, Japan
| | - Terunori Fujita
- Research Center, Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., 580-32 Nagaura, Sodegaura, Chiba 299-0265, Japan
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34
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Wu JQ, Li BX, Zhang SW, Li YS. Bis(β-enaminoketonato) vanadium (III or IV) complexes as catalysts for olefin polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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35
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Wu JQ, Mu JS, Zhang SW, Li YS. Vanadium(V) complexes containing tetradentate amine trihydroxy ligands as catalysts for copolymerization of cyclic olefins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Redshaw C. Vanadium procatalysts bearing chelating aryloxides: structure–activity trends in ethylene polymerisation. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:5595-604. [DOI: 10.1039/b924088h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Aharonovich S, Botoshansky M, Tumanskii B, Nomura K, Waymouth RM, Eisen MS. Mono- and bis-amidinate 2,6-xylylimido vanadium chlorides: synthesis, structure, and reactivity. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:5643-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b925974k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Soshnikov IE, Semikolenova NV, Shubin AA, Bryliakov KP, Zakharov VA, Redshaw C, Talsi EP. EPR Monitoring of Vanadium(IV) Species Formed upon Activation of Vanadium(V) Polyphenolate Precatalysts with AlR2Cl and AlR2Cl/Ethyltrichloroacetate (R = Me, Et). Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900515h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor E. Soshnikov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Nina V. Semikolenova
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A. Shubin
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin P. Bryliakov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A. Zakharov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Carl Redshaw
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Evgenii P. Talsi
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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39
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Michiue K, Oshiki T, Takai K, Mitani M, Fujita T. Tantalum Complexes Incorporating Tris(pyrazolyl)Borate Ligands: Syntheses, Structures, and Ethylene Polymerization Behavior. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om9004719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Michiue
- Research Center, Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., 580-32 Nagaura, Sodegaura, Chiba 299-0265, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Oshiki
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takai
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Makoto Mitani
- Research Center, Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., 580-32 Nagaura, Sodegaura, Chiba 299-0265, Japan
| | - Terunori Fujita
- Research Center, Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., 580-32 Nagaura, Sodegaura, Chiba 299-0265, Japan
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40
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Copolymerizations of ethylene with α-olefin-ω-ols by highly active vanadium(III) catalysts bearing [N,O] bidentate chelated ligands. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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Zhang S, Katao S, Sun WH, Nomura K. Synthesis of (Arylimido)vanadium(V) Complexes Containing (2-Anilidomethyl)pyridine Ligands and Their Use as the Catalyst Precursors for Olefin Polymerization. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900633u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Shohei Katao
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Wen-Hua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
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42
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Wu JQ, Pan L, Liu SR, He LP, Li YS. Ethylene polymerization and ethylene/hexene copolymerization with vanadium(III) catalysts bearing heteroatom-containing salicylaldiminato ligands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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43
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Meppelder GJM, Halbach TS, Spaniol TP, Mülhaupt R, Okuda J. A vanadium(V) complex with a tetradentate [OSSO]-type bis(phenolato) ligand: Synthesis, structure, and ethylene polymerization activity. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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44
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Wu JQ, Pan L, Li YG, Liu SR, Li YS. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Olefin Polymerization Behavior of Vanadium(III) Complexes Bearing Tridentate Schiff Base Ligands. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om801028g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Branch, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Branch, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Guo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Branch, People’s Republic of China
| | - San-Rong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Branch, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue-Sheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Branch, People’s Republic of China
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45
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Xu BC, Hu T, Wu JQ, Hu NH, Li YS. Novel vanadium(iii) complexes with bidentate N,N-chelating iminopyrrolide ligands: synthesis, characterization and catalytic behaviour of ethylene polymerization and copolymerization with 10-undecen-1-ol. Dalton Trans 2009:8854-63. [DOI: 10.1039/b909495d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Arbaoui A, Redshaw C, Homden DM, Wright JA, Elsegood MRJ. Vanadium-based imido-alkoxide pro-catalysts bearing bisphenolate ligands for ethylene and ε-caprolactone polymerisation. Dalton Trans 2009:8911-22. [DOI: 10.1039/b902402f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Homden D, Redshaw C, Warford L, Hughes DL, Wright JA, Dale SH, Elsegood MRJ. Synthesis, structure and ethylene polymerisation behaviour of vanadium(iv and v) complexes bearing chelating aryloxides. Dalton Trans 2009:8900-10. [DOI: 10.1039/b901810g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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48
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Wu JQ, Pan L, Hu NH, Li YS. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Ethylene Polymerization Behavior of the Vanadium(III) Complexes Bearing Salicylaldiminato Ligands. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Peopleʼs Republic of China, and Changchun Branch of Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Li Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Peopleʼs Republic of China, and Changchun Branch of Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Ning-Hai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Peopleʼs Republic of China, and Changchun Branch of Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Yue-Sheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Peopleʼs Republic of China, and Changchun Branch of Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peopleʼs Republic of China
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49
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Zhang W, Nomura K. Synthesis of (1-Adamantylimido)vanadium(V) Complexes Containing Aryloxo, Ketimide Ligands: Effect of Ligand Substituents in Olefin Insertion/Metathesis Polymerization. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:6482-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ic800347n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Onishi Y, Katao S, Fujiki M, Nomura K. Synthesis and Structural Analysis of (Arylimido)vanadium(V) Complexes Containing Phenoxyimine Ligands: New, Efficient Catalyst Precursors for Ethylene Polymerization. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800177g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Onishi
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Shohei Katao
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Michiya Fujiki
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
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