1
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Synthesis and Characterization of New Ruthenium (II) Complexes of Stoichiometry [Ru(p-Cymene)Cl2L] and Their Cytotoxicity against HeLa-Type Cancer Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217264. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
When the [Ru(p-cymene)(μ-Cl)Cl]2 complex is made to react, in dichloromethane, with the following ligands: 2-aminobenzonitrile (2abn), 4-aminobenzonitrile (4abn), 2-aminopyridine (2ampy) and 4-aminopyridine (4ampy), after addition of hexane, the following compounds are obtained: [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2(2abn)] (I), [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2(4abn)] (II), [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2(2ampy] (III) and [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2(μ-(4ampy)] (IV). All the compounds are characterized by elemental analysis of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, COSY 1H-1H, high-resolution mass spectrometry (ESI), thermogravimetry and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (the crystal structure of III is reported and compared with the closely related literature of II). The cytotoxicity effects of complexes were described for cervical cancer HeLa cells via 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results demonstrate a low in vitro anticancer potential of the complexes.
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2
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Cervinka J, Gobbo A, Biancalana L, Markova L, Novohradsky V, Guelfi M, Zacchini S, Kasparkova J, Brabec V, Marchetti F. Ruthenium(II)-Tris-pyrazolylmethane Complexes Inhibit Cancer Cell Growth by Disrupting Mitochondrial Calcium Homeostasis. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10567-10587. [PMID: 35913426 PMCID: PMC9376960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
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While ruthenium arene complexes have been widely investigated
for
their medicinal potential, studies on homologous compounds containing
a tridentate tris(1-pyrazolyl)methane ligand are almost absent in
the literature. Ruthenium(II) complex 1 was obtained
by a modified reported procedure; then, the reactions with a series
of organic molecules (L) in boiling alcohol afforded novel complexes 2–9 in 77–99% yields. Products 2–9 were fully structurally characterized. They are
appreciably soluble in water, where they undergo partial chloride/water
exchange. The antiproliferative activity was determined using a panel
of human cancer cell lines and a noncancerous one, evidencing promising
potency of 1, 7, and 8 and
significant selectivity toward cancer cells. The tested compounds
effectively accumulate in cancer cells, and mitochondria represent
a significant target of biological action. Most notably, data provide
convincing evidence that the mechanism of biological action is mediated
by the inhibiting of mitochondrial calcium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Cervinka
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alberto Gobbo
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Biancalana
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lenka Markova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Novohradsky
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Massimo Guelfi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Biophysics, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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3
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Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of novel organometallic cobalt(III) complex encapsulated in polydiacetylene-phospholipid nanoformulation. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Gobbo A, Pereira SAP, Biancalana L, Zacchini S, Saraiva MLMFS, Dyson PJ, Marchetti F. Anticancer ruthenium( ii) tris(pyrazolyl)methane complexes with bioactive co-ligands. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:17050-17063. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03009h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New anticancer RuII-tpm complexes are presented, including a synthetic strategy to tether bioactive molecules to the metallic scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Gobbo
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sarah A. P. Pereira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Lorenzo Biancalana
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- University of Bologna, Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Lúcia M. F. S. Saraiva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH 1015, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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5
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Mukherjee A, Koley TS, Chakraborty A, Purkait K, Mukherjee A. Synthesis, Structure and Cytotoxicity of N,N and N,O-Coordinated Ru II Complexes of 3-Aminobenzoate Schiff Bases against Triple-negative Breast Cancer. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3729-3742. [PMID: 34549886 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Half-sandwich RuII complexes, [(YZ)RuII (η6 -arene)(X)]+, (YZ=chelating bidentate ligand, X=halide), with N,N and N,O coordination (1-9) show significant antiproliferative activity against the metastatic triple-negative breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-231). 3-aminobenzoic acid or its methyl ester is used in all the ligands while varying the aldehyde for N,N and N,O coordination. In the N,N coordinated complex the coordinated halide(X) is varied for enhancing stability in solution (X=Cl, I). Rapid aquation and halide exchange of the pyridine analogues, 2 and 3, in solution are a major bane towards their antiproliferative activity. Presence of free -COOH group (1 and 4) make complexes hydrophilic and reduces toxicity. The imidazolyl 3-aminobenzoate based N,N coordinated 5 and 6 display better solution stability and efficient antiproliferative activity (IC50 ca. 2.3-2.5 μM) compared to the pyridine based 2 and 3 (IC50 >100 μM) or the N,O coordinated complexes (7-9) (IC50 ca. 7-10 μM). The iodido coordinated, 6, is resistant towards aquation and halide exchange. The N,O coordinated 7-9 underwent instantaneous aquation at pH 7.4 generating monoaquated complexes stable for at least 6 h. Complexes 5 and 6, bind to 9-ethylguanine (9-EtG) showing propensity to interact with DNA bases. The complexes may kill via apoptosis as displayed from the study of 8. The change in coordination mode and the aldehyde affected the solution stability, antiproliferative activity and mechanistic pathways. The N,N coordinated (5 and 6) exhibit arrest in the G2/M phase while the N,O coordinated 8 showed arrest in the G0/G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Mukherjee
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM) Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Tuhin Subhra Koley
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM) Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Ayan Chakraborty
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM) Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Kallol Purkait
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM) Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Arindam Mukherjee
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM) Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
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6
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Biancalana L, Kostrhunova H, Batchelor LK, Hadiji M, Degano I, Pampaloni G, Zacchini S, Dyson PJ, Brabec V, Marchetti F. Hetero-Bis-Conjugation of Bioactive Molecules to Half-Sandwich Ruthenium(II) and Iridium(III) Complexes Provides Synergic Effects in Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:9529-9541. [PMID: 34156246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Four bipyridine-type ligands variably derivatized with two bioactive groups (taken from ethacrynic acid, flurbiprofen, biotin, and benzylpenicillin) were prepared via sequential esterification steps from commercial 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid and subsequently coordinated to ruthenium(II) p-cymene and iridium(III) pentamethylcyclopentadienyl scaffolds. The resulting complexes were isolated as nitrate salts in high yields and fully characterized by analytical and spectroscopic methods. NMR and MS studies in aqueous solution and in cell culture medium highlighted a substantial stability of ligand coordination and a slow release of the bioactive fragments in the latter case. The complexes were assessed for their antiproliferative activity on four cancer cell lines, showing cytotoxicity to the low micromolar level (equipotent with cisplatin). Additional biological experiments revealed a multimodal mechanism of action of the investigated compounds, involving DNA metalation and enzyme inhibition. Synergic effects provided by specific combinations of metal and bioactive fragments were identified, pointing toward an optimal ethacrynic acid/flurbiprofen combination for both Ru(II) and Ir(III) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Biancalana
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Hana Kostrhunova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucinda K Batchelor
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mouna Hadiji
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Degano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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7
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Lenis-Rojas OA, Cabral R, Carvalho B, Friães S, Roma-Rodrigues C, Fernández JAA, Vila SF, Sanchez L, Gomes CSB, Fernandes AR, Royo B. Triazole-Based Half-Sandwich Ruthenium(II) Compounds: From In Vitro Antiproliferative Potential to In Vivo Toxicity Evaluation. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8011-8026. [PMID: 33973771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new series of half-sandwich ruthenium(II) compounds [(η6-arene)Ru(L)Cl][CF3SO3] bearing 1,2,3-triazole ligands (arene = p-cymene, L = L1 (1); arene = p-cymene, L = L2 (2); arene = benzene, L = L1 (3); arene = benzene, L2 (4); L1 = 2-[1-(p-tolyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]pyridine and L2 = 1,1'-di-p-tolyl-1H,1'H-4,4'-bi(1,2,3-triazole) have been synthesized and fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The molecular structures of 1, 2, and 4 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The cytotoxic activity of 1-4 was evaluated using the MTS assay against human tumor cells, namely ovarian carcinoma (A2780), colorectal carcinoma (HCT116), and colorectal carcinoma resistant to doxorubicin (HCT116dox), and against normal primary fibroblasts. Whereas compounds 2 and 4 showed no cytotoxic activity toward tumor cell lines, compounds 1 and 3 were active in A2780, while showing no antiproliferative effect in human normal dermal fibroblasts at the IC50 concentrations of the A2780 cell line. Exposure of ovarian carcinoma cells to IC50 concentrations of compound 1 or 3 led to an accumulation of reactive oxygen species and an increase of apoptotic and autophagic cells. While compound 3 displayed low levels of angiogenesis induction, compound 1 showed an ability to induce cell cycle delay and to interfere with cell migration. When the in vivo toxicity studies using zebrafish and chicken embryos are considered, compounds 1 and 3, which were not lethal, are promising candidates as anticancer agents against ovarian cancer due to their good cytotoxic activity in tumor cells and their low toxicity both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A Lenis-Rojas
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, ITQB NOVA, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rui Cabral
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Carvalho
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sofia Friães
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, ITQB NOVA, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Roma-Rodrigues
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jhonathan A A Fernández
- Laboratory of Zebrafish, Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Zoología Genética y Antropología Física, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Sabela F Vila
- Departamento de Zoología Genética y Antropología Física, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Laura Sanchez
- Departamento de Zoología Genética y Antropología Física, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain.,Preclinical Animal Models Group. Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Clara S B Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Royo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, ITQB NOVA, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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8
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Pujante-Galián MA, Pérez SA, Montalbán MG, Carissimi G, Fuster MG, Víllora G, García G. p-Cymene Complexes of Ruthenium(II) as Antitumor Agents. Molecules 2020; 25:E5063. [PMID: 33142775 PMCID: PMC7662397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the cytotoxic behavior of six ruthenium(II) complexes of stoichiometry [(η6-p-cymene)RuCl2L] (I-VI), L = 4-cyanopyridine (I), 2-aminophenol (II), 4-aminophenol (III), pyridazine (IV), and [(η6-p-cymene)RuClL2]PF6; L = cyanopyridine (V), L = 2-aminophenol(VI) towards three cell lines was studied. Two of them, HeLa and MCF-7, are human carcinogenic cells from cervical carcinoma and human breast cancer, respectively. A comparison with healthy cells was carried out with BGM cells which are monkey epithelial cells of renal origin. The behavior of complex II exhibits selectivity towards healthy cells, which is a promising feature for use in cancer treatment since it might reduce the side effects of most current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Angeles Pujante-Galián
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain; (M.A.P.-G.); (G.G.)
| | - Sergio A. Pérez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain; (S.A.P.); (G.C.); (M.G.F.); (G.V.)
| | - Mercedes G. Montalbán
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain; (S.A.P.); (G.C.); (M.G.F.); (G.V.)
| | - Guzmán Carissimi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain; (S.A.P.); (G.C.); (M.G.F.); (G.V.)
| | - Marta G. Fuster
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain; (S.A.P.); (G.C.); (M.G.F.); (G.V.)
| | - Gloria Víllora
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain; (S.A.P.); (G.C.); (M.G.F.); (G.V.)
| | - Gabriel García
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain; (M.A.P.-G.); (G.G.)
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Carrasco AC, Rodríguez-Fanjul V, Pizarro AM. Activation of the Ir-N(pyridine) Bond in Half-Sandwich Tethered Iridium(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:16454-16466. [PMID: 33103884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We present four new organometallic half-sandwich iridium(III) complexes of formula [Ir(η5:κ1-C5Me4CH2py)(N,N)](PF6)2, bearing a N,N-chelating ligand [ethylenediamine (en), 1; 1,3-diaminopropane (dap), 2; 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy), 3; 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 4]; and a derivatized cyclopentadienyl ligand, C5Me4CH2C5H4N, which forms an additional five-membered chelate. The latter is hemilabile, and the Ir-N(py) bond can be reversibly cleaved by various stimuli. The four complexes are unreactive toward hydrolysis at pH 7. Interestingly, 1 and 2 react with hydrochloric acid and formate, and speciation between closed and open tether complexes can be followed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Complex 1 binds to nucleobase guanine (9-ethylguanine, 9-EtG), yet interaction to calf-thymus DNA was not observed. New X-ray structures of closed tether complexes 1-4 and open tether complexes [Ir(η5-C5Me4CH2pyH)(en)Cl](PF6)2 (1·HCl) and [Ir(η5-C5Me4CH2py)(en)H]PF6 (1·hyd) have been determined. Hydride capture is efficient for 1 and 2. The kinetics of Ir-H bond formation and hydride transfer in a model organic molecule have been investigated, revealing a strong dependence on the temperature. Coincubation of complex 1 with nontoxic concentrations of sodium formate decreases the IC50 value in MCF7 breast cancer cells, indicating the possibility of intracellular activation of the Ir-N(py) tether bond to generate cytotoxic activity via iridium-mediated transfer hydrogenation.
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10
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Kondori T, Akbarzadeh-T N, Ghaznavi H, Karimi Z, Shahraki J, Sheervalilou R, Shahraki O. A binuclear iron(III) complex of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine as cytotoxic agent. Biometals 2020; 33:365-378. [PMID: 33033992 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-020-00255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The binuclear iron(III) complex (1), namely, {[Fe(5,5'-dmbpy)2(OH2)]2(µ-O)}(NO3)4 with a distorted octahedral coordination, formed by four nitrogen and two oxygen atoms, was previously reported by our team. In this study the DNA-binding and cytotoxicity evaluation for target complex were studied. The results indicated strong cytotoxicity activity against A549 cells comparable to cisplatin values. The binding interaction between complex 1 and FS-DNA was investigated by UV-Vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and gel electrophoresis at physiological pH (7.2). The DNA binding investigation has shown groove binding interactions with complex 1, therefore the hydrogen binding plays an important role in the interaction of DNA with complex 1. The calculated thermodynamic parameters (ΔH°, ΔS° and ΔG°) show that hydrogen bonding and Vander-Waals forces have an important function in Fe(III) complex-DNA interaction. Moreover, DNA cleavage was studied using agarose gel electrophoresis. Viscosity measurements illustrated that relative viscosity of DNA was unchanged with the adding concentrations of Fe(III) complex. Molecular docking simulation results confirmed the spectroscopic and viscosity titration outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahere Kondori
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | | | - Habib Ghaznavi
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box, 98167-43463, Zahedan, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Jafar Shahraki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Sheervalilou
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box, 98167-43463, Zahedan, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Omolbanin Shahraki
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box, 98167-43463, Zahedan, Iran. .,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
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11
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Martı Nez-Alonso M, Sanz P, Ortega P, Espino G, Jalón FA, Martín M, Rodrı Guez AM, López JA, Tejel C, Manzano BR. Analysis of Ion Pairing in Solid State and Solution in p-Cymene Ruthenium Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:14171-14183. [PMID: 32930592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The importance of ion pairing in different fields of chemistry is widely recognized. In this work, we have synthesized a set of cationic p-cymene ruthenium complexes of general formula [(p-cym)Ru(L')(κ2-O^N-L)]X (p-cym = p-cymene; L' = N-methylimidazole (MeIm), N-ethylpiperidylimidazole (EpipIm), 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA); L = 2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenolato (L1), 2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)phenolato (L2); X = Cl-, BF4-, OTf-, BPh4-). X-ray diffraction studies on selected complexes revealed relatively strong anion-cation interactions in the solid state mainly based on N-H···X (X = Cl, F, O) and C-H···π interactions, also observed in the DFT-modeled complexes in the gas phase. Moreover, NMR studies showed that they exist as intimate ion pairs in solution and, remarkably, as head-to-tail quadruples in the particular case of the cation [(p-cym)Ru(MeIm)(κ2- O^N-L1)]+ ([1]+) with Cl- and BPh4- as counteranions. Furthermore, a value of ΔG = -2.9 kcal mol-1 at 299 K has been estimated for the equilibrium {[1]BPh4···[1]BPh4} ⇆ 2{[1]+···BPh4-} in concentrated CDCl3 solutions. In addition, preliminary studies concerning the cytotoxic properties against HeLa cell lines of the derivatives suggested a positive effect derived from the presence of the lipophilic BPh4- anion and also from the NH group of the benzimidazolyl fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martı Nez-Alonso
- University de Burgos. Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s. n., 09001-Burgos, Spain
| | - Pedro Sanz
- University de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, CRIB, Fac. de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Paula Ortega
- University de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, CRIB, Fac. de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Gustavo Espino
- University de Burgos. Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s. n., 09001-Burgos, Spain
| | - Félix A Jalón
- University de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, CRIB, Fac. de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Mairena Martín
- University de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, CRIB, Fac. de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ana M Rodrı Guez
- University de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, IRICA, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Avda. C. J. Cela, 3, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José A López
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009-Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Tejel
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009-Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Blanca R Manzano
- University de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, CRIB, Fac. de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain
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Mukherjee A, Acharya S, Purkait K, Chakraborty K, Bhattacharjee A, Mukherjee A. Effect of N, N Coordination and Ru II Halide Bond in Enhancing Selective Toxicity of a Tyramine-Based Ru II ( p-Cymene) Complex. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:6581-6594. [PMID: 32295347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium compounds are promising anticancer candidates owing to their lower side-effects and encouraging activities against resistant tumors. Half-sandwich piano-stool type RuII compounds of general formula [(L)RuII(η6-arene)(X)]+ (L = chelating bidentate ligand, X = halide) have exhibited significant therapeutic potential against cisplatin-resistant tumor cell lines. In RuII (p-cymene) based complexes, the change of the halide leaving group has led to several interesting features, viz., hydrolytic stability, resistance toward thiols, and alteration in pathways of action. Tyramine is a naturally occurring monoamine which acts as a catecholamine precursor in humans. We synthesized a family of N,N and N,O coordinated RuII (p-cymene) complexes, [(L)RuII(η6-arene)(X)]+ (1-4), with tyramine and varied the halide (X = Cl, I) to investigate the difference in reactivity. Our studies showed that complex 2 bearing N,N coordination with an iodido leaving group shows selective in vitro cytotoxicity against the pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2 (IC50 ca. 5 μM) but is less toxic to triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2), and the normal human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF-1). Complex 2 displays stability toward hydrolysis and does not bind with glutathione, as confirmed by 1H NMR and ESI-HRMS experiments. The inert nature of 2 leads to enhancement of cytotoxicity (IC50 = 5.3 ± 1 μM) upon increasing the cellular treatment time from 48 to 72 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur-741246, India
| | - Sourav Acharya
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur-741246, India
| | - Kallol Purkait
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur-741246, India
| | - Kaustav Chakraborty
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Kolkata, Major Arterial Road, AA II, Newtown, Kolkata-700135, India
| | - Ashima Bhattacharjee
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Kolkata, Major Arterial Road, AA II, Newtown, Kolkata-700135, India
| | - Arindam Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur-741246, India
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Hassan SS, Mohamed EF. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and antitumor activities of Nano‐Structure Eu (III) and La (III) complexes with nitrogen donor tridentate ligands. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Safaa S. Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceCairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Eman F. Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Girls)Al Azhar University Nasr City Egypt
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Sarkar A, Acharya S, Khushvant K, Purkait K, Mukherjee A. Cytotoxic Ru II-p-cymene complexes of an anthraimidazoledione: halide dependent solution stability, reactivity and resistance to hypoxia deactivation. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:7187-7197. [PMID: 30601545 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04687e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RuII-(η6-p-cymene) complexes of anthraimidazoldione (PAIDH) based ligand bearing the formula [RuII(η6-p-cymene)(PAIDH)(X)]+ (where, X = Cl, Br and I) showed excellent in vitro antiproliferative activity (IC50 range 1-2 μM) against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), human pancreatic carcinoma (MIA PaCa-2) and triple negative human metastatic breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231). The ESI-MS and 1H NMR data show that the complexes are stable in aqueous solution at pH 7.4 (4 mM NaCl) with less than 10% hydrolysis in 24 h. However, when the coordinated halide is bromo (2) or iodo (3), the complex exchanges the halide with chloride in solution. The exchange is dependent on chloride concentration. Fastest chloride exchange was observed for the bromo complex 2 and slowest for the iodo complex 3 showing the higher kinetic inertness of the latter. Complex 3 exhibits the weakest interaction with glutathione (GSH) and 9-ethylguanine (9-EtG) in the series. ESI-MS studies of a 20% methanolic solution of 3 in 4 mM aqueous NaCl showed 80% intact complex even after 24 h of incubation with 9-EtG or GSH. 1-3 show similar in vitro cytotoxicity profile, but based on combined results from solution stability and cytotoxicity, the iodo complex 3 seems to be the best one in the series. There is no deterioration of toxicity under hypoxia or by induction of GSH in HepG2 cells. The low cytotoxicity of the complexes against difficult to treat triple negative breast carcinoma viz. MDA-MB-231 in vitro (IC50 = 1.5 ± 0.1 μM) is very encouraging, compared with cytotoxicity of clinical drug cisplatin (IC50 = 37.2 ± 2.5 μM). The complexes can alter mitochondrial membrane potential, arrest the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase and kill cells via apoptosis. They inhibit migration of the metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells at IC20 dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur campus-741246, India.
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Muralisankar M, Dheepika R, Haribabu J, Balachandran C, Aoki S, Bhuvanesh NSP, Nagarajan S. Design, Synthesis, DNA/HSA Binding, and Cytotoxic Activity of Half-Sandwich Ru(II)-Arene Complexes Containing Triarylamine-Thiosemicarbazone Hybrids. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:11712-11723. [PMID: 31460277 PMCID: PMC6682138 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Organoruthenium complexes are potent alternatives for platinum-based complexes because of their superior anticancer activity. In this investigation, a series of new Ru(II)-arene complexes with triarylamine-thiosemicarbazone hybrid ligands with higher anticancer activity than cisplatin are reported. The molecular structure of the ligands and complexes was confirmed spectroscopically and supported by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. These complexes adopted a three-leg piano stool geometry. All the Ru(II)-arene complexes were systematically investigated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against human cervical (HeLa S3), lung (A549) cancer, and human normal lung (IMR-90) cell lines using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Interestingly, a pyrrolidine-attached Ru(II)-benzene complex exhibited superior activity against cancer cells with low IC50 values, and colony formation study showed complete inhibition at 5 and 10 μM concentration. Furthermore, morphological changes assessed by acridine orange and propidium iodide staining revealed that the cell death occurred by apoptosis. In addition, the interaction between synthesized Ru(II)-arene complexes and DNA/protein was explored by absorption and emission spectroscopy methods. These synthesized new organoruthenium complexes can be used for developing new metal-based anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jebiti Haribabu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Institute
of Science and
Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Chandrasekar Balachandran
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Institute
of Science and
Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shin Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Institute
of Science and
Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | | | - Samuthira Nagarajan
- Department
of Chemistry, Central University of Tamil
Nadu, Thiruvarur 610005, India
- E-mail:
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Ai Y, Ng M, Hong EY, Chan AK, Wei Z, Li Y, Yam VW. Solvent‐Induced and Temperature‐Promoted Aggregation of Bipyridine Platinum(II) Triangular Metallacycles and Their Near‐Infrared Emissive Behaviors. Chemistry 2018; 24:11611-11618. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeye Ai
- Lehn Institute of Functional MaterialsSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Maggie Ng
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Eugene Yau‐Hin Hong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Alan Kwun‐Wa Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Zhang‐Wen Wei
- Lehn Institute of Functional MaterialsSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Yongguang Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional MaterialsSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Vivian Wing‐Wah Yam
- Lehn Institute of Functional MaterialsSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Hong Kong
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The Anticancer Activities of Some Nitrogen Donor Ligands Containing bis-Pyrazole, Bipyridine, and Phenanthroline Moiety Using Docking Methods. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2018; 2018:5796287. [PMID: 29967635 PMCID: PMC6008838 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5796287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer study of nitrogen-chelating ligands can be of tremendous help in choosing ligands for the anticancer metal complexes design especially with ruthenium(II). The inhibitory anticancer activities of some nitrogen-chelating ligands containing bis-pyrazole, bipyridine, and phenanthroline were studied using experimental screening against cancer cell and theoretical docking methods. In vitro anticancer activities showed compound 11 as the most promising inhibitor, and the computational docking further indicates its strong inhibitory activities towards some cancer-related receptors. Among the twenty-one modelled ligands, pyrazole-based compounds 7, 11, and 15 are the most promising inhibitors against the selected receptors followed by 18 and 21 which are derivatives of pyridine and phenanthroline, respectively. The presence of the carboxylic unit in the top five ligands that displayed stronger inhibitory activities against the selected receptors is an indication that the formation of noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding and a strong electron-withdrawing group in these compounds are very important for their receptor interactions. The thermodynamic properties, the polarizabilities, and the LUMO energy of the compounds are in the same patterns as the observed inhibitory activities.
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19
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Synthesis, characterization and interactions with 9-methylguanine of ruthenium(II) η6-arene complexes with aromatic diimines. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Biancalana L, Batchelor LK, Funaioli T, Zacchini S, Bortoluzzi M, Pampaloni G, Dyson PJ, Marchetti F. α-Diimines as Versatile, Derivatizable Ligands in Ruthenium(II) p-Cymene Anticancer Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:6669-6685. [PMID: 29790340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
α-Diimines are among the most robust and versatile ligands available in synthetic coordination chemistry, possessing finely tunable steric and electronic properties. A series of novel cationic ruthenium(II) p-cymene complexes bearing simple α-diimine ligands, [(η6- p-cymene)RuCl{κ2 N-(HCNR)2}]NO3 (R = Cy, [1]NO3; R = 4-C6H10OH, [2]NO3; R = 4-C6H4OH, [3]NO3), were prepared in near-quantitative yields as their nitrate salts. [2]NO3 displays high water solubility. The potential of the α-diimine ligand in [3]NO3 as a carrier of bioactive molecules was investigated via esterification reactions with the hydroxyl groups. Thus, the double-functionalized derivatives [(η6- p-cymene)RuCl{κ2 N-(HCN(4-C6H4OCO-R))2}]NO3 (R = aspirinate, [5]NO3; valproate, [6]NO3) and also [4]Cl (R = Me) were obtained in good-to-high yields. UV-vis and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetric studies in aqueous solution revealed only minor ruthenium chloride hydrolytic cleavage, biologically accessible reduction potentials, and pH-dependent behavior of [3]NO3. Density functional theory analysis was performed in order to compare the Ru-Cl bond strength in [1]+ with the analogous ethylenediamine complex, showing that the higher stability observed in the former is related to the electron-withdrawing properties of the α-diimine ligand. In vitro cytotoxicity studies were performed against tumorigenic (A2780 and A2780cisR) and nontumorigenic (HEK-293) cell lines, with the complexes bearing simple α-diimine ligands ranging from inactive to IC50 values in the low micromolar range. The complexes functionalized with bioactive components, i.e., [5]NO3 and [6]NO3, exhibited a marked increase in the cytotoxicity with respect to the precursor [3]NO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Biancalana
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , Università di Pisa , Via G. Moruzzi 13 , I-56124 Pisa , Italy
| | - Lucinda K Batchelor
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Tiziana Funaioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , Università di Pisa , Via G. Moruzzi 13 , I-56124 Pisa , Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari" , Università di Bologna , Viale Risorgimento 4 , I-40136 Bologna , Italy
| | - Marco Bortoluzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi , Università Ca' Foscari Venezia , Via Torino 155 , I-30170 Mestre, Venice , Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , Università di Pisa , Via G. Moruzzi 13 , I-56124 Pisa , Italy
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , Università di Pisa , Via G. Moruzzi 13 , I-56124 Pisa , Italy
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Gorle AK, Zhang J, Liu Q, Berners‐Price SJ, Farrell NP. Structural Factors Affecting Binding of Platinum Anticancer Agents with Phospholipids: Influence of Charge and Phosphate Clamp Formation. Chemistry 2018; 24:4643-4652. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Gorle
- Institute for Glycomics Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus Southport Queensland 4222 Australia
| | - Junyong Zhang
- School of Biomedical, Biomolecular & Chemical Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Present address: College of Biological Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 P. R. China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Chemistry and The Massey Cancer Center Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond 23284 Virginia USA
- Present address: College of Food Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Finance and Economics Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Susan J. Berners‐Price
- Institute for Glycomics Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus Southport Queensland 4222 Australia
- School of Biomedical, Biomolecular & Chemical Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia
| | - Nicholas P. Farrell
- Institute for Glycomics Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus Southport Queensland 4222 Australia
- Department of Chemistry and The Massey Cancer Center Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond 23284 Virginia USA
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Dömötör O, Pape VFS, May NV, Szakács G, Enyedy ÉA. Comparative solution equilibrium studies of antitumor ruthenium(η6-p-cymene) and rhodium(η5-C5Me5) complexes of 8-hydroxyquinolines. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:4382-4396. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00439g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Solution stability, chloride ion affinity and multidrug resistance selectivity of half-sandwich Rh(η5-C5Me5) and Ru(η6-p-cymene) complexes of 8-hydroxyquinolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Dömötör
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- H-6720 Szeged
- Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Bioinorganic Chemistry Research Group
| | - Veronika F. S. Pape
- Institute of Enzymology
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- H-1117 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Nóra V. May
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- H-1117 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Gergely Szakács
- Institute of Enzymology
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- H-1117 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Éva A. Enyedy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- H-6720 Szeged
- Hungary
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23
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η6-(2-phenoxyethanol) ruthenium(II)-complexes of 2,2′-bipyridine and its derivatives: Solution speciation and kinetic behaviour. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Tsolis T, Papavasileiou KD, Divanis SA, Melissas VS, Garoufis A. How half sandwich ruthenium compounds interact with DNA while not being hydrolyzed; a comparative study. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 160:12-23. [PMID: 27118026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Tsolis
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos D Papavasileiou
- Institute of Biology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., GR-116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon A Divanis
- Section of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vasilios S Melissas
- Section of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Achilleas Garoufis
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-451 10 Ioannina, Greece.
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Zhang Y, Zheng W, Luo Q, Zhao Y, Zhang E, Liu S, Wang F. Dual-targeting organometallic ruthenium(II) anticancer complexes bearing EGFR-inhibiting 4-anilinoquinazoline ligands. Dalton Trans 2016; 44:13100-11. [PMID: 26106875 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that complexation with (η(6)-arene)Ru(II) fragments confers 4-anilinoquinazoline pharmacophores a higher potential for inducing cellular apoptosis while preserving the highly inhibitory activity of 4-anilinoquinazolines against EGFR and the reactivity of the ruthenium centre to 9-ethylguanine (Chem. Commun., 2013, 49, 10224-10226). Reported herein are the synthesis, characterisation and evaluation of the biological activity of a new series of ruthenium(ii) complexes of the type [(η(6)-arene)Ru(N,N-L)Cl]PF6 (arene = p-cymene, benzene, 2-phenylethanol or indane, L = 4-anilinoquinazolines). These organometallic ruthenium complexes undergo fast hydrolysis in aqueous solution. Intriguingly, the ligation of (arene)Ru(II) fragments with 4-anilinoquinazolines not only makes the target complexes excellent EGFR inhibitors, but also confers the complexes high affinity to bind to DNA minor grooves while maintaining their reactivity towards DNA bases, characterising them with dual-targeting properties. Molecular modelling studies reveal that the hydrolysis of these complexes is a favourable process which increases the affinity of the target complexes to bind to EGFR and DNA. In vitro biological activity assays show that most of this group of ruthenium complexes are selectively active inhibiting the EGF-stimulated growth of the HeLa cervical cancer cell line, and the most active complex [(η(6)-arene)Ru(N,N-L13)Cl]PF6 (, IC50 = 1.36 μM, = 4-(3'-chloro-4'-fluoroanilino)-6-(2-(2-aminoethyl)aminoethoxy)-7-methoxyquinazoline) is 29-fold more active than its analogue, [(η(6)-arene)Ru(N,N-ethylenediamine)Cl]PF6, and 21-fold more active than gefitinib, a well-known EGFR inhibitor in use clinically. These results highlight the strong promise to develop highly active ruthenium anticancer complexes by ligation of cytotoxic ruthenium pharmacophores with bioactive organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
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Ghosh P, Lahiri GK. Impact of {Os(pap)2} in fine-tuning the binding modes and non-innocent potential of deprotonated 2,2'-bipyridine-3,3'-diol. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:5240-52. [PMID: 26893242 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00013d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of ctc-Os(II)(pap)2Cl2 (pap = 2-phenylazopyridine, ctc = cis-trans-cis with respect to chlorides and pyridine/azo nitrogens of pap, respectively) and ambidentate 2,2'-bipyridine-3,3'-diol (H2L) leads to the simultaneous formation of isomeric [Os(II)(pap)2(HL(-))](+) ((2+)/(3+)), seven-membered chelate containing Os(II)(pap)2(L(2-)) (4) and diastereomeric [{Os(II)(pap)2}2(μ-L(2-))](2+) (5a(2+) (meso, ΔΛ)/5b(2+) (rac, ΔΔ/ΛΛ)). The reaction of 2,2'-biphenol (H2L') and ctc-Os(II)(pap)2Cl2 yields Os(II)(pap)2(L'(2-)) (6), an analogue of 4. The identities of the newly designed complexes have been established by different analytical, spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction techniques. (1)H-NMR spectra of the complexes and single crystal X-ray structures of selective derivatives [2]ClO4, [3]ClO4, [5a](ClO4)2, and 6 establish the retention of the tc-configuration of the precursor {Os(pap)2}. In isomeric 2(+) and 3(+), monodeprotonated HL(-) is linked to the {Os(II)(pap)2} fragment through N,N and N,O(-) donors, resulting in nearly planar five- and six-membered chelates with O-HO(-) and O-HN hydrogen bonds at its back face, respectively. The O(-),O(-) donating L'(2-) extends a severely twisted seven-membered chelate with the {Os(pap)2} unit in 6. The N,O(-)/O(-),N donors of deprotonated L(2-) bridge the two {Os(II)(pap)2} units in a symmetric fashion in 5a(2+), forming two moderately twisted six-membered chelates. Though the deprotonation of the O-HN hydrogen bond in (+) by another unit of {Os(II)(pap)2} generates a diastereomeric mixture of 5a(2+) and 5b(2+), attempts to deprotonate the relatively stronger O-H···O(-) hydrogen bond in 2(+) have failed. The isomeric 2(+)/3(+), seven-membered chelate containing 4/6 and diastereomeric 5a(2+)/5b(2+) exhibit distinctive (1)H-NMR and absorption spectra as well as electrochemical responses. The pap (N[double bond, length as m-dash]N) based two successive reductions and the participation of HL(-), L(2-), L'(2-) in the oxidation processes of the respective complexes have been revealed using EPR and DFT calculated MOs and Mulliken spin density plots at the intermediate paramagnetic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabir Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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Exploring the Ruthenium-Ligands Bond and Their Relative Properties at Different Computational Methods. J CHEM-NY 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/3672062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report some experimental bond distances and computational models of six ruthenium bonds obtained from DFT to higher computational methods like MP2 and CCSD. The bonds distances, geometrical RMSD, and the thermodynamic properties of the models from different computational methods are similar. It is observed that optimization of molecules of many light atoms with different functional methods results in significant geometrical variation in the values and order of the computed properties. The values of the hyperpolarizabilities, HOMO, LUMO, and isotropic and anisotropic shielding are found to depend greatly on the type of the functional used and the geometrical variation rather than on the nature of basis set used. However, all the methods rated modelled Ru-S, Ru-Cl, and Ru-O bonds as having the highest hyperpolarizabilities values. The infrared spectra data obtained from the different computational methods are significantly different from each other except for MP2 and CCSD which are found to be very similar.
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Adeniyi AA, Ajibade PA. Development of ruthenium-based complexes as anticancer agents: toward a rational design of alternative receptor targets. REV INORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2015-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn the search for novel anticancer agents, the development of metal-based complexes that could serve as alternatives to cisplatin and its derivatives has received considerable attention in recent years. This becomes necessary because, at present, cisplatin and its derivatives are the only coordination complexes being used as anticancer agents in spite of inherent serious side effects and their limitation against metastasized platinum-resistant cancer cells. Although many metal ions have been considered as possible alternatives to cisplatin, the most promising are ruthenium (Ru) complexes and two Ru compounds, KP1019 and NAMI-A, which are currently in phase II clinical trials. The major obstacle against the rational design of these compounds is the fact that their mode of action in relation to their therapeutic activities and selectivity is not fully understood. There is an urgent need to develop novel metal-based anticancer agents, especially Ru-based compounds, with known mechanism of actions, probable targets, and pharmacodynamic activity. In this paper, we review the current efforts in developing metal-based anticancer agents based on promising Ru complexes and the development of compounds targeting receptors and then examine the future prospects.
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Zhao J, Prosser KE, Chang SW, Zakharia SP, Walsby CJ. Combining a Ru(ii)-arene complex with a NO-releasing nitrate-ester ligand generates cytotoxic activity. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:18079-18083. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03661a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Synergy between a Ru(ii) arene complex and a 4-nitrooxymethylpyridine nitric-oxide donor ligand promotes cytotoxicity and selective activation by glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- Simon Fraser University
- Burnaby
- Canada
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Kumar A, Kumar A, Gupta RK, Paitandi RP, Singh KB, Trigun SK, Hundal MS, Pandey DS. Cationic Ru(II), Rh(III) and Ir(III) complexes containing cyclic -perimeter and 2-aminophenyl benzimidazole ligands: Synthesis, molecular structure, DNA and protein binding, cytotoxicity and anticancer activity. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Arene ruthenium(II) complexes with 2-acetamidothiazole derived ligands: Synthesis, structural studies, antifouling and antibacterial properties. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Chen Y, Lei W, Jiang G, Hou Y, Li C, Zhang B, Zhou Q, Wang X. Fusion of photodynamic therapy and photoactivated chemotherapy: a novel Ru(II) arene complex with dual activities of photobinding and photocleavage toward DNA. Dalton Trans 2015; 43:15375-84. [PMID: 25188424 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01755b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal complexes with dual functions of DNA photobinding via coordination and DNA photocleavage via(1)O2 may present potent antitumor activities with high selectivity and a wide anticancer spectrum. We herein report such a complex, [(η(6)-p-cymene)Ru(dpb)(py)](2+) (dpb = 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)benzoquinoxaline, py = pyridine, 1). The highly delocalized nature of dpb provides 1 with long wavelength-absorbing properties and a long-lived excited state, facilitating (1)O2 generation. Additionally, the bulky nature of dpb leads to a distorted coordination geometry, and allow the (3)MC (metal-centered) state to be more accessible. From this, dissociation of py and dpb may occur, followed by the coordination of the resultant Ru fragment to nucleic bases if DNA is present. The dissociation of dpb can turn on fluorescence of its own, enabling real-time imaging of the photoactivation process. The fascinating properties of 1 and the underlying mechanisms that occur may provide guidelines for developing more efficient metallodrugs with dual potential for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
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Khan RA, Arjmand F, Tabassum S, Monari M, Marchetti F, Pettinari C. Organometallic ruthenium(II) scorpionate as topo IIα inhibitor; in vitro binding studies with DNA, HPLC analysis and its anticancer activity. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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34
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Martínez-Alonso M, Busto N, Jalón FA, Manzano BR, Leal JM, Rodríguez AM, García B, Espino G. Derivation of structure-activity relationships from the anticancer properties of ruthenium(II) arene complexes with 2-aryldiazole ligands. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:11274-88. [PMID: 25302401 DOI: 10.1021/ic501865h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The ligands 2-pyridin-2-yl-1H-benzimidazole (HL(1)), 1-methyl-2-pyridin-2-ylbenzimidazole (HL(2)), and 2-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyridine (HL(3)) and the proligand 2-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole (HL(4)) have been used to prepare five different types of new ruthenium(II) arene compounds: (i) monocationic complexes with the general formula [(η(6)-arene)RuCl(κ(2)-N,N-HL)]Y [HL = HL(1), HL(2), or HL(3); Y = Cl or BF4; arene = 2-phenoxyethanol (phoxet), benzene (bz), or p-cymene (p-cym)]; (ii) dicationic aqua complexes of the formula [(η(6)-arene)Ru(OH2)(κ(2)-N,N-HL(1))](Y)2 (Y = Cl or TfO; arene = phoxet, bz, or p-cym); (iii) the nucleobase derivative [(η(6)-arene)Ru(9-MeG)(κ(2)-N,N-HL(1))](PF6)2 (9-MeG = 9-methylguanine); (iv) neutral complexes consistent with the formulation [(η(6)-arene)RuCl(κ(2)-N,N-L(1))] (arene = bz or p-cym); (v) the neutral cyclometalated complex [(η(6)-p-cym)RuCl(κ(2)-N,C-L(4))]. The cytototoxic activity of the new ruthenium(II) arene compounds has been evaluated in several cell lines (MCR-5, MCF-7, A2780, and A2780cis) in order to establish structure-activity relationships. Three of the compounds with the general formula [(η(6)-arene)RuCl(κ(2)-N,N-HL(1))]Cl differing in the arene moiety have been studied in depth in terms of thermodynamic dissociation constants, aquation kinetic constants, and DNA binding measurements. The biologically most active compound is the p-cym derivative, which strongly destabilizes the DNA double helix, whereas those with bz and phoxet have only a small effect on the stability of the DNA double helix. Moreover, the inhibitory activity of several compounds toward CDK1 has also been evaluated. The DNA binding ability of some of the studied compounds and their CDK1 inhibitory effect suggest a multitarget mechanism for their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martínez-Alonso
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos , Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
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35
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Tsolis T, Manos MJ, Karkabounas S, Zelovitis I, Garoufis A. Synthesis, X-ray structure determination, cytotoxicity and interactions with 9-methylguanine, of ruthenium(II) η6-arene complexes. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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36
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Ghosh P, Ray R, Das A, Lahiri GK. Revelation of Varying Coordination Modes and Noninnocence of Deprotonated 2,2′-Bipyridine-3,3′-diol in {Os(bpy)2} Frameworks. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:10695-707. [DOI: 10.1021/ic501852a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prabir Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ritwika Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ankita Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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37
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Vogler A, Shenderovich IG. Photochemistry of deprotonated rhenium(I) (3,3′-dihydroxy-2,2′-bipyridine) tricarbonyl chloride. Photoisomerization at the chelate in basic solution. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Electron Transfer Reactions of Photochemically Generated Ruthenium(III)-Polypyridyl Complexes with Methionines. INT J CHEM KINET 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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39
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Ghosh P, Mondal P, Ray R, Das A, Bag S, Mobin SM, Lahiri GK. Significant Influence of Coligands Toward Varying Coordination Modes of 2,2′-Bipyridine-3,3′-diol in Ruthenium Complexes. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:6094-106. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5004676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prabir Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Prasenjit Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ritwika Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ankita Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sukdev Bag
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Shaikh M. Mobin
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 452017, India
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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40
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Arene ruthenium(II) azido complexes incorporating N⋂O chelate ligands: Synthesis, spectral studies and 1,3-dipolar-cycloaddition to a coordinated azide in ruthenium(II) compounds. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Singh SK, Pandey DS. Multifaceted half-sandwich arene–ruthenium complexes: interactions with biomolecules, photoactivation, and multinuclearity approach. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44131h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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42
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Stereospecific intra-molecular interligand interactions affecting base-specific metal bonding to purine nucleobases in the solid state. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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43
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Busto N, Valladolid J, Martínez-Alonso M, Lozano HJ, Jalón FA, Manzano BR, Rodríguez AM, Carrión MC, Biver T, Leal JM, Espino G, García B. Anticancer activity and DNA binding of a bifunctional Ru(II) arene aqua-complex with the 2,4-diamino-6-(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine ligand. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:9962-74. [PMID: 23957818 DOI: 10.1021/ic401197a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and full characterization of the new aqua-complex [(η(6)-p-cymene)Ru(OH2)(κ(2)-N,N-2-pydaT)](BF4)2, [2](BF4)2, and the nucleobase derivative [(η(6)-p-cymene)Ru(9-MeG)(κ(2)-N,N-2-pydaT)](BF4)2, [4](PF6)2, where 2-pydaT = 2,4-diamino-6-(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine and 9-MeG = 9-methylguanine, are reported here. The crystal structures of both [4](PF6)2 and the chloro complex [(η(6)-p-cymene)RuCl(κ(2)-N,N-2-pydaT)](PF6), [1](PF6), have been elucidated by X-ray diffraction. The former provided relevant information regarding the interaction of the metallic fragment [(η(6)-p-cymene)Ru(κ(2)-N,N-2-pydaT)](2+) and a simple model of DNA. NMR and kinetic absorbance studies have proven that the aqua-complex [2](BF4)2 binds to the N7 site of guanine in nucleobases, nucleotides, or DNA. A stable bifunctional interaction (covalent and partially intercalated) between the [(η(6)-p-cymene)Ru(κ(2)-N,N-2-pydaT)](2+) fragment and CT-DNA has been corroborated by kinetic, circular dichroism, viscometry, and thermal denaturation experiments. The reaction mechanism entails the very fast formation of the Ru-O-(PO3) linkage prior to the fast intercalation of the 2-pydaT fragment. Then, a Ru-N7-(G) covalent bond is formed at the expense of the Ru-O-(PO3) bond, yielding a bifunctional complex. The dissociation rate of the intercalated fragment is slow, and this confers additional interest to [2](BF4)2 in view of the likely correlation between slow dissociation and biological activity, on the assumption that DNA is the only biotarget. Furthermore, [2](BF4)2 displays notable pH-dependent cytotoxic activity in human ovarian carcinoma cells (A2780, IC50 = 11.0 μM at pH = 7.4; IC50 = 6.58 μM at pH = 6.5). What is more, complex [2](BF4)2 is not cross-resistant with cisplatin, exhibiting a resistance factor, RF(A2780cis), of 0.28, and it shows moderate selectivity toward the cancer cell lines, in particular, A2780cis (IC50 = 3.0 5 ± 0.08 μM), relative to human lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5; IC50 = 24 μM), the model for healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Busto
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s.n., 09001, Burgos, Spain
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44
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Palladium(II) complexes with symmetrical dihydroxy-2,2′-bipyridine ligands: Exploring their inter- and intramolecular interactions in solid-state. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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He L, Liao SY, Tan CP, Ye RR, Xu YW, Zhao M, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Ruthenium-Arene-β-Carboline Complexes as Potent Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1: Synthesis, Characterization and Anticancer Mechanism Studies. Chemistry 2013; 19:12152-60. [PMID: 23878093 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of Ru(II)-arene complexes (1-6) of the general formula [(η(6)-arene)Ru(L)Cl]PF6 (arene=benzene or p-cymene; L=bidentate β-carboline derivative, an indole alkaloid with potential cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) inhibitory activities) is reported. All the complexes were fully characterized by classical analytical methods, and three were characterized by X-ray crystallography. Hydrolytic studies show that β-carboline ligands play a vital role in their aqueous behaviour. These complexes are highly active in vitro, with the most active complex 6 displaying a 3- to 12-fold higher anticancer activity than cisplatin against several cancer cell lines. Interestingly, the complexes are able to overcome cross-resistance to cisplatin, and show much lower cytotoxicity against normal cells. Complexes 1-6 may directly target CDK1, because they can block cells in the G2M phase, down-regulate the expression of CDK1 and cyclin B1, and inhibit CDK1/cyclin B in vitro. Further mechanism studies show that the complexes can effectively induce apoptosis through mitochondrial-related pathways and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 20-8411-2245
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46
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Gamble AJ, Lynam JM, Thatcher RJ, Walton PH, Whitwood AC. cis-1,3,5-Triaminocyclohexane as a facially capping ligand for ruthenium(II). Inorg Chem 2013; 52:4517-27. [PMID: 23517123 DOI: 10.1021/ic302819j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of cis-[RuCl2(DMSO-S)3(DMSO-O)] with cis-1,3,5-triaminocyclohexane (tach) results in the formation of [RuCl(tach)(DMSO-S)2]Cl, a valuable precursor for a wide range of other tach-containing Ru complexes. Reaction of [RuCl(tach)(DMSO-S)2]Cl with the chelating nitrogen-based ligands (N-N = bipyridine, phenanthroline, and ethylenediamine) affords [Ru(N-N)(DMSO-S)2(tach)][Cl]2. A similar reaction between [RuCl(tach)(DMSO-S)]Cl with the chelating phosphorus-based ligands (P-P = dppm, dppe, dppp, dppb, dppv, and dppben) leads to the formation of [RuCl(P-P)(tach)]Cl. The structures of 10 examples of the tach-containing complexes have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. An examination of the structural metrics obtained from these studies indicates that the tach ligand is a strong sigma donor. In addition, the presence of the NH2 groups in the tach ligand allow for participation in hydrogen bonding further modulating the coordinative properties of the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee J Gamble
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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47
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Gupta RK, Pandey R, Sharma G, Prasad R, Koch B, Srikrishna S, Li PZ, Xu Q, Pandey DS. DNA Binding and Anti-Cancer Activity of Redox-Active Heteroleptic Piano-Stool Ru(II), Rh(III), and Ir(III) Complexes Containing 4-(2-Methoxypyridyl)phenyldipyrromethene. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:3687-98. [DOI: 10.1021/ic302196v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pei-Zhou Li
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka
563-8577, Japan
| | - Qiang Xu
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka
563-8577, Japan
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Mijatović A, Šmit B, Rilak A, Petrović B, Čanović D, Bugarčić ŽD. NMR kinetic studies of the interactions between [Ru(terpy)(bipy)(H2O)]2+ and some sulfur-donor ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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Menéndez-Pedregal E, Díez J, Manteca Á, Sánchez J, Bento AC, García-Navas R, Mollinedo F, Gamasa MP, Lastra E. Antitumor activity of new enantiopure pybox-ruthenium complexes. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:13955-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51160j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Pettinari R, Pettinari C, Marchetti F, Clavel CM, Scopelliti R, Dyson PJ. Cytotoxicity of Ruthenium–Arene Complexes Containing β-Ketoamine Ligands. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om301115e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Catherine M. Clavel
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne,
Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne,
Switzerland
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne,
Switzerland
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