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Queffélec C, Pati PB, Pellegrin Y. Fifty Shades of Phenanthroline: Synthesis Strategies to Functionalize 1,10-Phenanthroline in All Positions. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6700-6902. [PMID: 38747613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
1,10-Phenanthroline (phen) is one of the most popular ligands ever used in coordination chemistry due to its strong affinity for a wide range of metals with various oxidation states. Its polyaromatic structure provides robustness and rigidity, leading to intriguing features in numerous fields (luminescent coordination scaffolds, catalysis, supramolecular chemistry, sensors, theranostics, etc.). Importantly, phen offers eight distinct positions for functional groups to be attached, showcasing remarkable versatility for such a simple ligand. As a result, phen has become a landmark molecule for coordination chemists, serving as a must-use ligand and a versatile platform for designing polyfunctional arrays. The extensive use of substituted phenanthroline ligands with different metal ions has resulted in a diverse array of complexes tailored for numerous applications. For instance, these complexes have been utilized as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells, as luminescent probes modified with antibodies for biomaterials, and in the creation of elegant supramolecular architectures like rotaxanes and catenanes, exemplified by Sauvage's Nobel Prize-winning work in 2016. In summary, phen has found applications in almost every facet of chemistry. An intriguing aspect of phen is the specific reactivity of each pair of carbon atoms ([2,9], [3,8], [4,7], and [5,6]), enabling the functionalization of each pair with different groups and leading to polyfunctional arrays. Furthermore, it is possible to differentiate each position in these pairs, resulting in non-symmetrical systems with tremendous versatility. In this Review, the authors aim to compile and categorize existing synthetic strategies for the stepwise polyfunctionalization of phen in various positions. This comprehensive toolbox will aid coordination chemists in designing virtually any polyfunctional ligand. The survey will encompass seminal work from the 1950s to the present day. The scope of the Review will be limited to 1,10-phenanthroline, excluding ligands with more intracyclic heteroatoms or fused aromatic cycles. Overall, the primary goal of this Review is to highlight both old and recent synthetic strategies that find applicability in the mentioned applications. By doing so, the authors hope to establish a first reference for phenanthroline synthesis, covering all possible positions on the backbone, and hope to inspire all concerned chemists to devise new strategies that have not yet been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yann Pellegrin
- Nantes Université, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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2
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Divya D, Govindarajan R, Nagarajaprakash R, Fayzullin RR, Vidhyapriya P, Sakthivel N, Manimaran B. Multicomponent Self-Assembly of Diaminobenzoquinonato-Bridged Manganese(I) Metallosupramolecular Rectangles: Host–Guest Interactions, Anticancer Activity, and Visible-Light-Induced CO Releasing Studies. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15377-15391. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanaraj Divya
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | | | - Ramamurthy Nagarajaprakash
- Chemical Sciences Research Group, Division of Research & Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Robert R. Fayzullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | | | - Natarajan Sakthivel
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Bala. Manimaran
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
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3
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Kundu S, Ghosh A, Paul I, Schmittel M. Multicomponent Pseudorotaxane Quadrilateral as Dual-Way Logic AND Gate with Two Catalytic Outputs. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13039-13043. [PMID: 35834720 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A multicomponent pseudorotaxane quadrilateral was reversibly toggled between three distinct switching states. Switching in the forward conversion was achieved by addition of H+ and K+ ions, and switching in the reverse direction was performed by addition of 18-crown-6 and 1-aza-18-crown-6. In both the forward and backward ways, the inputs operated an AND gate with distinct catalytic outputs. While in the forward direction the logic AND operation starting from a heteroleptic five-component assembly turned "ON" an imine hydrolysis as output (AND-1), in the inverse direction a Michael addition was ignited as the output starting from a seven-component aggregate following the AND gate logic (AND-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohom Kundu
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Amit Ghosh
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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4
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Xuan JJ, Xia ZJ, Yan DN, Hu SJ, Zhou LP, Cai LX, Sun QF. Shape Complementary Coordination Self-Assembly of a Redox-Active Heteroleptic Complex. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:8854-8860. [PMID: 35642338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present here the coordination self-assembly of a new heteroleptic (bpyPd)4L1L22 coordination complex (1) from one novel pyridinium-functionalized bis-2,4,6-tris(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (bis-3-TPT, L1) macrocyclic ligand, two separate 3-TPT (L2) ligands, and four cis-blocking bpyPd(NO3)2 (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine). While homoleptic self-assemblies with either L1 or L2 gave dynamic mixtures of products, a single thermodynamic heteroleptic complex was obtained driven by the shape complementarity of building blocks. Moreover, the redox-active nature of the heteroleptic assembly facilitates the highly efficient catalytic aerobic photo-oxidation of aromatic secondary alcohols under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jin Xuan
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Jun Xia
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Ni Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xuan Cai
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Fu Sun
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
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5
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Mondal D, Ghosh A, Paul I, Schmittel M. Fuel Acid Drives Base Catalysis and Supramolecular Cage-to-Device Transformation under Dissipative Conditions. Org Lett 2021; 24:69-73. [PMID: 34913702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In State-I, a mixture comprising a DABCO-bridged tris(zinc-porphyrin) double decker and a free biped (=slider), catalysis was OFF. Acid addition (TFA or Di-Stefano fuel acid) to State-I liberated DABCO-H+ while generating a highly dynamic slider-on-deck device (State-II). The released DABCO-H+ acted as a base organocatalyst for a Knoevenagel reaction (catalysis ON). The system was reversed to State-I (catalysis OFF) by reducing the acidity in the system (by adding DBU or via the fuel-derived base).
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Mondal
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Amit Ghosh
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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6
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Adeyemo AA, Mukherjee PS. Coordination-driven self-assembly of discrete Ru 6-Pt 6 prismatic cages. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2242-2249. [PMID: 30202478 PMCID: PMC6122361 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordination-driven self-assembly of two new Ru6-Pt6 hexanuclear trigonal prismatic cages comprising arene-ruthenium(II) clips (1a(NO3)2 and 1b(NO3)2 ) and a tritopic platinum(II) metalloligand 2 has been performed in methanol at room temperature. The [3 + 2] hexanuclear cages 3a and 3b were isolated in good yields and characterized by well-known spectroscopic techniques including multinuclear NMR, mass spectrometry, UV-vis and infrared studies. Geometry optimization revealed the shapes and sizes of these hexanuclear prismatic cages. The combination of ruthenium and platinum metal center in a one-pot self-assembly reaction showcases the construction of aesthetically elegant heterometallic structures in supramolecular chemistry leading to the formation of a single major product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aderonke Ajibola Adeyemo
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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7
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From Self-Sorting of Dynamic Metal–Ligand Motifs to (Supra)Molecular Machinery in Action. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Chavan S, Pawal S, Lolage S, Garadkar K. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, luminescence and NLO properties of heterometallic M(II)-Ru(II) (M=Ni and Zn) hybrid complexes composed of coordination and organometallic sites. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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9
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Das P, Kumar A, Howlader P, Mukherjee PS. A Self-Assembled Trigonal Prismatic Molecular Vessel for Catalytic Dehydration Reactions in Water. Chemistry 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Das
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Atul Kumar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Prodip Howlader
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560012 India
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10
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Saha R, Samanta D, Bhattacharyya AJ, Mukherjee PS. Stepwise Construction of Self-Assembled Heterometallic Cages Showing High Proton Conductivity. Chemistry 2017; 23:8980-8986. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rupak Saha
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore- 560012 India
| | - Dipak Samanta
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore- 560012 India
| | | | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore- 560012 India
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11
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Biswas PK, Saha S, Nanaji Y, Rana A, Schmittel M. Influence of Rotator Design on the Speed of Self-Assembled Four-Component Nanorotors: Coordinative Versus Dispersive Interactions. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:6662-6670. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pronay Kumar Biswas
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and
Engineering, University of Siegen, Adolf−Reichwein−Str.
2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Suchismita Saha
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and
Engineering, University of Siegen, Adolf−Reichwein−Str.
2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Yerramsetti Nanaji
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and
Engineering, University of Siegen, Adolf−Reichwein−Str.
2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Anup Rana
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and
Engineering, University of Siegen, Adolf−Reichwein−Str.
2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and
Engineering, University of Siegen, Adolf−Reichwein−Str.
2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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12
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Wu T, Chen YS, Chen M, Liu Q, Xue X, Shen Y, Wang J, Huang H, Chan YT, Wang P. Metallo-Organic Ligand Designing Road for Constructing the First-Generation Dendritic Metallotriangle. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:4065-4071. [PMID: 28333445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three approaches have been carefully examined in order to develop a terpyridine-based dendritic metallotriangle: (1) direct self-assembly of two types of organic polyterpyridines with metal ions; (2) assembly of flexible metallo-organic ligands containing two uncomplexed free terpyridines with a possible 60°-V-shaped orientation; (3) assembly of functionalized metallotriangles possessing a fixed 60°-bent uncoordinated bisterpyridine. Only the third approach has successfully given rise to the desired first-generation dendritic metallotriangle. Structural characterization was accomplished by NMR, ESI-TWIM-MS, and AFM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Number 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi-Tsu Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Number 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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13
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Baskin M, Fridman N, Kosa M, Maayan G. Heteroleptic complexesviasolubility control: examples of Cu(ii), Co(ii), Ni(ii) and Mn(ii) complexes based on the derivatives of terpyridine and hydroxyquinoline. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:15330-15339. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03387g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe the preparation of synthetically challenging heteroleptic complexes by considering the solubility properties of their corresponding favored homoleptic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Baskin
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa
- Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa
- Israel
| | - Monica Kosa
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa
- Israel
| | - Galia Maayan
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa
- Israel
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14
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Zhao L, Wei J, Zhang F, He C, Zheng S, Duan C. Redox-active copper triangles as an enzymatic molecular flask for light-driven hydrogen production. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09285g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A redox-active Cu-based triangle was developed to encapsulate fluorescein for photocatalytic hydrogen production. Control experiments and inactive ATP as an inhibitor were performed to confirm this enzymatic photocatalytic behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Feili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Cheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Sijia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
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15
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Goswami A, Paul I, Schmittel M. Three-component nanorotors generated from fusion of complexes and post-fusion metal–metal exchange. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:5186-5189. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01977g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The fusion of two homoleptic complexes quantitatively created a novel three-component nanorotor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2
- Siegen
- Germany
| | - Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2
- Siegen
- Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2
- Siegen
- Germany
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16
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Howlader P, Das P, Zangrando E, Mukherjee PS. Urea-Functionalized Self-Assembled Molecular Prism for Heterogeneous Catalysis in Water. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1668-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prodip Howlader
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Paramita Das
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ennio Zangrando
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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17
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Govindarajan R, Nagarajaprakash R, Manimaran B. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Host–Guest Studies of Aminoquinonato-Bridged Re(I) Supramolecular Rectangles. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:10686-94. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Govindarajan
- Department
of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - R. Nagarajaprakash
- Department
of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Bala. Manimaran
- Department
of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
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18
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Park YJ, Ryu JY, Begum H, Lee MH, Stang PJ, Lee J. Selective Formation of Heterometallic Ru-Ag Supramolecules via Stoichiometric Control of Multiple Different Tectons. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:5863-6. [PMID: 25910509 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Stoichiometric control of Ru, Ag, and tetrazolyl ligands resulted in the formation of different heterometallic Ru-Ag supramolecular architectures. Although the reaction of Ru and 5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-tetrazolyl (LH2) in a molar ratio of 2:1 or 6:4 resulted in the formation of dimeric or hexameric Ru complexes, Ag metal ions caused the Ru complexes to form three-dimensional cylindrical Ru6Ag6L6 and double-cone-shaped Ru6Ag8L6 complexes by occupying vacant coordination sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Park
- †Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Ryu
- †Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Halima Begum
- †Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyung Lee
- ‡Department of Chemistry and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter J Stang
- §Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Junseong Lee
- †Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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19
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Mittal N, Saha ML, Schmittel M. A seven-component metallosupramolecular quadrilateral with four different orthogonal complexation vertices. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:15514-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06324h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The 4-fold completive self-sorting of a ten-component library (7 dissimilar donors and 3 different acceptors) resulted in the clean self-assembly of four dynamic orthogonal complexes that were used as cornerstones in two novel six- and seven-component scalene quadrilaterals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Mittal
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Manik Lal Saha
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
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20
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Saha ML, Mittal N, Bats JW, Schmittel M. A six-component metallosupramolecular pentagon via self-sorting. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:12189-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05465b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Wang M, Wang C, Hao XQ, Liu J, Li X, Xu C, Lopez A, Sun L, Song MP, Yang HB, Li X. Hexagon Wreaths: Self-Assembly of Discrete Supramolecular Fractal Architectures Using Multitopic Terpyridine Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6664-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ja501417g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
| | - Chao Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
| | - Xin-Qi Hao
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Xiaohong Li
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chenglong Xu
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Alberto Lopez
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
| | - Luyi Sun
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Mao-Ping Song
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department
of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
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22
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Pramanik S, De S, Schmittel M. Bidirektionale Chemische Kommunikation zwischen nanomechanischen Schaltern. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Pramanik S, De S, Schmittel M. Bidirectional Chemical Communication between Nanomechanical Switches. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4709-13. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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24
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Saha ML, Neogi S, Schmittel M. Dynamic heteroleptic metal-phenanthroline complexes: from structure to function. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:3815-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53570c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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25
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Mukherjee S, Mukherjee PS. Template-free multicomponent coordination-driven self-assembly of Pd(ii)/Pt(ii) molecular cages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2239-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49192g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This article summarizes the recent developments in the construction of multicomponent molecular hollowed-out cages through the metal–ligand coordination-driven self-assembly process, with a focus on the decreasing relevance of the use of templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012, India
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26
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Lin SM, Velayudham M, Tsai CH, Chang CH, Lee CC, Luo TT, Thanasekaran P, Lu KL. A Molecular Triangle as a Precursor Toward the Assembly of a Jar-Shaped Metallasupramolecule. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4005065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ming Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chungli 320, Taiwan
| | | | - Chi-Hwe Tsai
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chungli 320, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hao Chang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chou Lee
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Kuang-Lieh Lu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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27
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Fraser MG, van der Salm H, Cameron SA, Blackman AG, Gordon KC. Heteroleptic Cu(I) bis-diimine complexes of 6,6'-dimesityl-2,2'-bipyridine: a structural, theoretical and spectroscopic study. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:2980-92. [PMID: 23458499 DOI: 10.1021/ic302393p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes containing 6,6'-dimesityl-2,2'-bipyridine and phenanthroline-, bipyridine-, and biquinoline-based ligands is studied. The HETPHEN strategy is utilized to synthesize the heteroleptic complexes, which are stable in solution. The X-ray crystal structures of the complexes are presented; the solid-state four-coordinate Cu(I) geometries are quantified by using the τ4 parameter. A feature of the crystal structures is the intramolecular π-stacking between the mesityl ring(s) and the diimine ligand; the phen-based complexes exhibit stacking between the phen ligand and one of the mesityl rings, creating a "Pac-Man" motif. On the other hand, the bpy-based complexes show different types of packing interaction, with both mesityl rings "clamping down" on the bpy based ligand to give π-stacking. Cyclic voltammetry is used to examine the redox chemistry of the complexes. The most positive potentials for the oxidation process are observed for the complexes with bulky substituents ortho to the coordination nitrogens atoms, i.e., 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and 6,6'-dibromo-2,2'-bipyridine. The Cu(I) MLCT transitions of the complexes are investigated by resonance Raman spectroscopy in concert with TD-DFT calculations. The resonance Raman spectra of complexes containing substituted biquinolines are straightforward, in that vibrational bands of the biquinoline-based ligand are selectively enhanced over bpy(Mes)2 bands. This is consistent with the purple color of the complexes, due to the lower energy of the biquinoline-based LUMO compared to the bpy(Mes)2 LUMO. All the phen- and bpy-based complexes show enhancement of bpy(Mes)2 bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Fraser
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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28
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Structural, electronic and computational studies of heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes of 6,6′-dimesityl-2,2′-bipyridine with sulfur-substituted dipyridophenazine ligands. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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29
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Lechel T, Podolan G, Brusilowskij B, Schalley CA, Reissig HU. Unexpected One-Step Formation of Iodo[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-c]pyridine Derivatives by a Hofmann-Löffler-Freytag Reaction: Studies on the Synthesis of a Pyridine-Containing Macrocycle. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Schultz A, Li X, McCusker CE, Moorefield CN, Castellano FN, Wesdemiotis C, Newkome GR. Dondorff Rings: Synthesis, Isolation, and Properties of 60°-Directed Bisterpyridine-Based Folded Tetramers. Chemistry 2012; 18:11569-72. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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31
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Samanta D, Mukherjee S, Patil YP, Mukherjee PS. Self-Assembled Pd6Open Cage with Triimidazole Walls and the Use of Its Confined Nanospace for Catalytic Knoevenagel- and Diels-Alder Reactions in Aqueous Medium. Chemistry 2012; 18:12322-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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32
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Troff RW, Hovorka R, Weilandt T, Lützen A, Cetina M, Nieger M, Lentz D, Rissanen K, Schalley CA. Equipping metallo-supramolecular macrocycles with functional groups: assemblies of pyridine-substituted urea ligands. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:8410-20. [PMID: 22643426 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30190c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
A series of di-(m-pyridyl)-urea ligands were prepared and characterized with respect to their conformations by NOESY experiments and crystallography. Methyl substitution in different positions of the pyridine rings provides control over the position of the pyridine N atoms relative to the urea carbonyl group. The ligands were used to self-assemble metallo-supramolecular M(2)L(2) and M(3)L(3) macrocycles which are generated in a finely balanced equilibrium in DMSO and DMF according to DOSY NMR experiments and ESI FTICR mass spectrometry. Again, crystallography was used to characterize the assemblies. Methyl substitution in positions next to the pyridine nitrogen prevents coordination, while the other ligands form small metallo-supramolecular macrocycles. The incorporated urea carbonyl groups provide hydrogen bonding sites which converge towards the center of the assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf W Troff
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takusstrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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33
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Bar AK, Mohapatra S, Zangrando E, Mukherjee PS. A series of trifacial Pd6 molecular barrels with porphyrin walls. Chemistry 2012; 18:9571-9. [PMID: 22744754 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Three new nanoscopic trigonal prisms, [(tmen)(6) Pd(6) (H(2)L)(3)](NO(3))(12) (1), [(Meen)(6) Pd(6)(H(2) L)(3)](NO(3))(12) (2), and [(2,2'-bipy)(6)Pd(6) (H(2)L)(3)](NO(3))(12) (3), have been synthesized in excellent yields through single-step metal-ligand-coordination-driven self-assembly using 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3-pyridyl)porphyrin (H(2)L) as a donor and cis-blocked Pd(II) 90° acceptors. These complexes were fully characterized by spectroscopic studies and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All of these barrels quantitatively bind Zn(II) ions in the N(4) pockets of the porphyrin walls at room temperature. Their corresponding zinc-embedded complexes, [(tmen)(6)Pd(6)(ZnL)(3)](NO(3))(12) (1 a), [(Meen)(6) Pd(6)(ZnL)(3)](NO(3))(12) (2 a), and [(2,2'-bipy)(6)Pd(6)(ZnL)(3)](NO(3))(12) (3 a), were synthesized under ambient conditions by the post-synthetic binding of Zn(II) ions into the H(2)N(4) pockets of the porphyrin walls of these complexes. These zinc-embedded complexes were characterized by electronic absorption, fluorescence emission, (1)H NMR spectroscopy, as well as elemental analysis. Complexes 1-3 exhibited considerable microporosity in their solid state. Complex 1 was an efficient adsorbent for nitrogen gas and EtOH, MeOH, and water vapors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Bar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institution of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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34
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Schultz A, Li X, Barkakaty B, Moorefield CN, Wesdemiotis C, Newkome GR. Stoichiometric Self-Assembly of Isomeric, Shape-Persistent, Supramacromolecular Bowtie and Butterfly Structures. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:7672-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja303177v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Schultz
- Department
of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United
States
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department
of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United
States
| | - Balaka Barkakaty
- Department
of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United
States
| | - Charles N. Moorefield
- Department
of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United
States
| | - Chrys Wesdemiotis
- Department
of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United
States
| | - George R. Newkome
- Department
of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United
States
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35
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Bar AK, Raghothama S, Moon D, Mukherjee PS. Three-Component Self-Assembly of a Series of Triply Interlocked Pd12Coordination Prisms and Their Non-Interlocked Pd6Analogues. Chemistry 2012; 18:3199-209. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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36
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Vajpayee V, Song YH, Jung YJ, Kang SC, Kim H, Kim IS, Wang M, Cook TR, Stang PJ, Chi KW. Coordination-driven self-assembly of ruthenium-based molecular-rectangles: synthesis, characterization, photo-physical and anticancer potency studies. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:3046-52. [PMID: 22278716 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt11811d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A suite of eight cationic, tetra-metallic molecular rectangles (1-8) was generated via coordination-driven self-assembly using four dicarboxylate-bridged arene-Ru precursors (A1-A4) with one of two dipyridyl ligands (D1, D2). The high-yielding (84-92%) rectangles were characterized by (1)H NMR and HR-ESI-MS to support their structural assignments. The molecular structure of 5 was determined by single crystal X-ray analysis, which indicated that two D2 ligands bridge two A1 acceptors to form a rectangular construct. The photophysical properties of these metalla-rectangles and their molecular precursors were also investigated, as well as an MTT assay to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicities relative to two chemotherapeutic agents, cisplatin and doxorubicin. MTT assays were conducted using SK-hep-1 (liver cancer) and HCT-15 (colon cancer) human cancer cell lines. Compounds 3, 4, 7 and 8 showed significant activity, with IC(50) values comparable to those of cisplatin and doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Vajpayee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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37
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Ferrer M, Gutiérrez A, Rodríguez L, Rossell O, Ruiz E, Engeser M, Lorenz Y, Schilling R, Gómez-Sal P, Martín A. Self-Assembly of Heterometallic Metallomacrocycles via Ditopic Fluoroaryl Gold(I) Organometallic Metalloligands. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om201028q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Ferrer
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11,
08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Gutiérrez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11,
08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11,
08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Rossell
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11,
08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eliseo Ruiz
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11,
08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut
de Recerca en Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès
1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marianne Engeser
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
der Universität, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yvonne Lorenz
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
der Universität, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Reinhold Schilling
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
der Universität, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Pilar Gómez-Sal
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Campus Universitario-Edificio de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de
Henares, Spain
| | - Avelino Martín
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Campus Universitario-Edificio de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de
Henares, Spain
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38
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Tong J, Yu SY, Li H. Programmable self-assembly of homo- or hetero-metallomacrocycles using 4-(1H-pyrazolyl-4-yl)pyridine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:5343-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31234d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Samanta D, Shanmugaraju S, Joshi SA, Patil YP, Nethaji M, Mukherjee PS. Pillar height dependent formation of unprecedented Pd8 molecular swing and Pd6 molecular boat via multicomponent self-assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:2298-300. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc16345d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Chakrabarty R, Mukherjee PS, Stang PJ. Supramolecular coordination: self-assembly of finite two- and three-dimensional ensembles. Chem Rev 2011; 111:6810-918. [PMID: 21863792 PMCID: PMC3212633 DOI: 10.1021/cr200077m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2287] [Impact Index Per Article: 175.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Chakrabarty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Peter J Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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41
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Chan YT, Li X, Yu J, Carri GA, Moorefield CN, Newkome GR, Wesdemiotis C. Design, synthesis, and traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry characterization of iron(II)- and ruthenium(II)-terpyridine metallomacrocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:11967-76. [PMID: 21718066 DOI: 10.1021/ja107307u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New metallomacrocycles composed of 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (tpy) ligands and Ru(II) or Fe(II) transition metal ions were prepared by stepwise directed assembly and characterized by 2D diffusion NMR spectroscopy (DOSY), electrospray ionization traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (ESI TWIM MS), and molecular modeling. The supramolecular polymers synthesized include a homonuclear all-Ru hexamer as well as heteronuclear hexamer and nonamer with alternating Ru/Ru/Fe metal centers. ESI MS yields several charge states from each supramacromolecule. If ESI is interfaced with TWIM MS, overlapping charge states and the isomeric components of an individual charge state are separated based on their unique drift times through the TWIM region. From experimentally measured drift times, collision cross-sections can be deduced. The collision cross-sections obtained for the synthesized supramacromolecules are in good agreement with those predicted by molecular modeling for macrocyclic structures. Similarly, the hydrodynamic radii of the synthesized complexes derived from 2D DOSY NMR experiments agree excellently with the radii calculated for macrocyclic architectures, confirming the ESI TWIM MS finding. ESI TWIM MS and 2D DOSY NMR spectroscopy provide an alternative approach for the structural analysis of supramolecules that are difficult or impossible to crystallize, such as the large macrocyclic assemblies investigated. ESI TWIM MS will be particularly valuable for the characterization of supramolecular assemblies not available in the quantity or purity required for NMR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tsu Chan
- Departments of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, 44325, USA
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42
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Wang M, Zheng YR, Cook TR, Stang PJ. Construction of functionalized metallosupramolecular tetragonal prisms via multicomponent coordination-driven self-assembly. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:6107-13. [PMID: 21634384 PMCID: PMC3133929 DOI: 10.1021/ic2002157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new approach for the construction of functionalized metallosupramolecular tetragonal prisms via multicomponent, coordination-driven, template-free self-assembly is described. The combination of tetra-(4-pyridylphenyl)ethylene, a 90° Pt(II) acceptor, and ditopic bipyridine or carboxylate ligands functionalized with hydroxyl or amine groups, hydrophobic alkyl chains, or electrochemically active ferrocene, yields a suite of seven self-assembled tetragonal prisms under mild conditions. These three-dimensional metallosupramolecules were characterized by multinuclear NMR ((31)P and (1)H) and mass spectrometry. Their shapes and sizes were established using Merck Molecular Force Field (MMFF) simulations. In addition, their approximate sizes were further supported by pulsed-field-gradient spin-echo (PGSE) NMR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Yao-Rong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Timothy R. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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43
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Chan Y, Li X, Moorefield CN, Wesdemiotis C, Newkome GR. Towards Larger Polygonal Architectures: Synthesis and Characterization of Iron(II)– and Ruthenium(II)–Bis(terpyridine) Metallomacrocycles. Chemistry 2011; 17:7750-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Tsu Chan
- Department of Polymer Science, Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, 170 University Circle‐RM501B, Akron, OH 44325‐4717 (USA), Fax: (+1) 330‐972‐2368 Homepage: http://www.dendrimers.com
- Drs. Chan and Li contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Polymer Science, Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, 170 University Circle‐RM501B, Akron, OH 44325‐4717 (USA), Fax: (+1) 330‐972‐2368 Homepage: http://www.dendrimers.com
- Drs. Chan and Li contributed equally to this work
| | - Charles N. Moorefield
- Department of Polymer Science, Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, 170 University Circle‐RM501B, Akron, OH 44325‐4717 (USA), Fax: (+1) 330‐972‐2368 Homepage: http://www.dendrimers.com
| | - Chrys Wesdemiotis
- Department of Polymer Science, Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, 170 University Circle‐RM501B, Akron, OH 44325‐4717 (USA), Fax: (+1) 330‐972‐2368 Homepage: http://www.dendrimers.com
| | - George R. Newkome
- Department of Polymer Science, Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, 170 University Circle‐RM501B, Akron, OH 44325‐4717 (USA), Fax: (+1) 330‐972‐2368 Homepage: http://www.dendrimers.com
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44
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Zhao Z, Zheng YR, Wang M, Pollock JB, Stang PJ. Construction of hexagonal prisms of variable size via coordination-driven multicomponent self-assembly. Inorg Chem 2011; 49:8653-5. [PMID: 20809652 DOI: 10.1021/ic1014219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The coordination-driven self-assembly of supramolecular hexagonal prisms has been achieved upon mixing a hexakis[4-(4-pyridyl)phenyl]benzene donor ligand and carboxylate donor ligands such as sodium terephthalate, sodium (1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-dicarboxylate, sodium 4,4'-(diazene-1,2-diyl)dibenzoate, and 4,4'-dipyridyl with cis-Pt(PEt(3))(2)(OTf)(2) in a 1:3:6 ratio. Four assembled hexagonal prisms have been characterized by (31)P and (1)H NMR multinuclear spectroscopy as well as electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Molecular force-field simulations provide the possible conformation and size of each structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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45
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Brusilowskij B, Dzyuba EV, Troff RW, Schalley CA. Effects of subtle differences in ligand constitution and conformation in metallo-supramolecular self-assembled polygons. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:12089-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10621j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Wild A, Winter A, Schlütter F, Schubert US. Advances in the field of π-conjugated 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridines. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:1459-511. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00074d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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47
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Brusilowskij B, Schalley CA. Multidentate Pyridyl-Based Ligands in the Coordination-Driven Self-Assembly of Palladium Metallo-Macrocycles. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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48
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Zheng YR, Zhao Z, Wang M, Ghosh K, Pollock JB, Cook TR, Stang PJ. A facile approach toward multicomponent supramolecular structures: selective self-assembly via charge separation. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:16873-82. [PMID: 21053935 PMCID: PMC3016897 DOI: 10.1021/ja106251f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach toward the construction of multicomponent two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) metallosupramolecules is reported. Simply by mixing carboxylate and pyridyl ligands with cis-Pt(PEt(3))(2)(OTf)(2) in a proper ratio, coordination-driven self-assembly occurs, allowing for the selective generation of discrete multicomponent structures via charge separation on the metal centers. Using this method, a variety of 2-D rectangles and 3-D prisms were prepared under mild conditions. Moreover, multicomponent self-assembly can also be achieved by supramolecule-to-supramolecule transformations. The products were characterized by (31)P and (1)H multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and pulsed-field-gradient spin echo NMR techniques together with computational simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Rong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM, 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM, 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM, 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
| | - Koushik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM, 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
| | - J. Bryant Pollock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM, 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
| | - Timothy R. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM, 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM, 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
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Mahata K, Saha ML, Schmittel M. From an eight-component self-sorting algorithm to a trisheterometallic scalene triangle. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:15933-5. [PMID: 20973473 DOI: 10.1021/ja108419k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Using motifs from 3-fold completive self-sorting in an eight-component library, we report on the design and fabrication of a fully dynamic trisheterometallic scalene triangle, a demanding supramolecular structure that complements the so far known triangular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsuk Mahata
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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50
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Fan J, Bats JW, Schmittel M. Combining dynamic heteroleptic complex formation with constitutional dynamic synthesis: a facile way to M3LL' cage assemblies. Inorg Chem 2010; 48:6338-40. [PMID: 19527007 DOI: 10.1021/ic9008366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The quantitative preparation of heteroleptic copper(I) complexes arising from a combination of 2,9-diarylphenanthrolines and iminopyridines (Schiff bases) is described. This strategy was applied to construct mono- and binuclear complexes but equally a discrete three-dimensional M(3)LL' cage. By means of a constitutional dynamic synthesis, the heteroleptic aggregates were equally prepared from four-component mixtures using the copper(I) center as a catalyst for the in situ generation of the iminopyridine ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Fan
- Center for Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universitt Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse, 57068 Siegen, Germany
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