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Carter C, Kratish Y, Marks TJ. Influence of Rare-Earth Ion Radius on Metal-Metal Charge Transfer in Trinuclear Mixed-Valent Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4799-4813. [PMID: 36921086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of a highly conjugated bisferrocenyl pyrrolediimine ligand, Fc2PyrDIH (1), and its trinuclear complexes with rare earth ions─(Fc2PyrDI)M(N(TMS)2)2 (2-M, M = Sc, Y, Lu, La). Crystal structures, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, and ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared (UV/vis-NIR) data are presented. The latter are in good agreement with DFT calculations, illuminating the impact of the rare earth ionic radius on NIR charge transfer excitations. For [2-Sc]+, the charge transfer is at 11,500 cm-1, while for [2-Y]+, only a d-d transition at 8000 cm-1 is observed. Lu has an ionic radius in between Sc and Y, and the [2-Lu]+ complex exhibits both transitions. From time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) analysis, we assign the 11,500 cm-1 transition as a mixture of metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and metal-to-metal charge transfer (MMCT), rather than pure metal-to-metal CT because it has significant ligand character. Typically, the ferrocenes moieties have high rotational freedom in bis-ferrocenyl mixed valent complexes. However, in the present (Fc2PyrDI)M(N(TMS)2)2 complexes, ligand-ligand repulsions lock the rotational freedom so that rare-earth ionic radius-dependent geometric differences increasingly influence orbital overlap as the ionic radius falls. The Marcus-Hush coupling constant HAB trends as [2-Sc]+ > [2-Lu]+ > [2-Y]+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Carter
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Yosi Kratish
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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Hamada S, Mochida T. Thermal Properties and Solvent Polarities of Mixed-Valence Ionic Liquids Containing Cationic Biferrocenylene Derivatives. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:8160-8167. [PMID: 35559612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) containing cationic mixed-valence biferrocenylene derivatives were synthesized with an octanoyl or octyl substituent in each cation. Their melting points ranged between 25 and 39 °C, and the octanoyl derivatives exhibited higher melting points than the octyl derivatives. In addition, each IL exhibited a glass transition in the temperature ranging from -66 to -45 °C after melting. Their melting points were ∼10 °C higher than those of mononuclear octamethylferrocenium salts bearing the same substituents. The solvent polarity (ETN) and Kamlet-Taft parameters (π*, α, and β) of these dinuclear and mononuclear ILs were then examined. The dinuclear ILs bearing octanoyl substituents exhibited significant increases in ETN and π* and a decrease in α with the decreasing temperature, whereas the other ILs exhibited a significantly less pronounced temperature dependence. Finally, the intervalence charge-transfer (or charge-resonance) bands of the octanoyl dinuclear ILs exhibited red shifts with the decreasing temperature, which can be regarded as self-thermosolvatochromism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Hamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Mochida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Hyogo, Japan.,Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Hyogo, Japan
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Casper LA, Ebel V, Linseis M, Winter RF. Five shades of green: substituent influence on the (spectro-) electrochemical properties of diferrocenyl(phenyl)methylium dyes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:15336-15351. [PMID: 34636831 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03009d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five new, intensely green diferrocenylphenylmethylium complexes 1+-5+ with electron donating (EDG: 4-MeO, 4-Me, 4-Br) or withdrawing (EWG: 3,5-CF3, 4-nC6F13) substituents were synthesized and fully characterized. The substituent influence on their electrochemical and spectroscopic properties was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, UV/Vis/NIR and T-dependent EPR spectroscopy of the cationic as well as the oxidized (12+-52+) and reduced (1˙-5˙) species. The reduced forms equilibrate with their corresponding dimers (65-83%) with a clear substituent influence as expressed by their Hammett parameters in an ordering 4+ > 5+ > 3+ > 2+ > 1+. The structures of all five precursor carbinols 1-OH-5-OH and those of three of the diferrocenylphenylmethylium cations (1+, 4+-5+) were established by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa A Casper
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Viktoria Ebel
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Michael Linseis
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Rainer F Winter
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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The role of the anion in the charge transfer properties of mixed-valent biferrocene. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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van der Westhuizen B, Matthäus Speck J, Korb M, Bezuidenhout DI, Lang H. (Spectro)electrochemical investigations on (ferrocenyl)thiophenes modified by tungsten Fischer carbenes. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Speck JM, Korb M, Rüffer T, Hildebrandt A, Lang H. Substituent Influence on Charge Transfer Interactions in α,α′-Diferrocenylthiophenes. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500062h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Matthäus Speck
- Fakultät
für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Anorganische
Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Marcus Korb
- Fakultät
für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Anorganische
Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Fakultät
für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Anorganische
Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Alexander Hildebrandt
- Fakultät
für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Anorganische
Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Fakultät
für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Anorganische
Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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van der Westhuizen B, Speck JM, Korb M, Friedrich J, Bezuidenhout DI, Lang H. Metal–Metal Interaction in Fischer Carbene Complexes: A Study of Ferrocenyl and Biferrocenyl Tungsten Alkylidene Complexes. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:14253-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ic402202w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Matthäus Speck
- Fakultät
für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Anorganische
Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Marcus Korb
- Fakultät
für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Anorganische
Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Joachim Friedrich
- Fakultät
für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Theoretische
Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | | | - Heinrich Lang
- Fakultät
für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Anorganische
Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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Breuer R, Schmittel M. Unsymmetrically Substituted 1,1′-Biferrocenylenes Maintain Class III Mixed-Valence Character. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400502e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rochus Breuer
- Center
of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center
of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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Mücke P, Winter RF, Novak I, Kowalski K. Synthesis, spectroelectrochemistry and electronic structure calculations of 4-(2-ferrocenylvinyl)-[2.2]-paracyclophane and 4,12-di-(2-ferrocenylvinyl)-[2.2]-paracyclophane. J Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2012.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Man WY, Xia JL, Brown NJ, Farmer JD, Yufit DS, Howard JAK, Liu SH, Low PJ. Spectroscopic and Computational Studies of the Ligand Redox Non-Innocence in Mono- and Binuclear Ruthenium Vinyl Complexes. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om1010534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wing Y. Man
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Jian-Long Xia
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Neil J. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Julian D. Farmer
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Dmitry S. Yufit
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | | | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Paul J. Low
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
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Ziessel R, Retailleau P, Elliott K, Harriman A. Boron Dipyrrin Dyes Exhibiting “Push-Pull-Pull” Electronic Signatures. Chemistry 2009; 15:10369-74. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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