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Schmid P, Bitschnau B, Finšgar M, Letofsky-Papst I, Rattenberger J, Saf R, Uhlig F, Torvisco A. Characterization of Germanium Nanoparticles from Arylgermanium Trihydrides. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401382. [PMID: 38805349 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Germanium is a promising basis for nanomaterials due to its low toxicity and valuable optical and electronic properties. However, germanium nanomaterials have seen little research compared to other group 14 elements due to unpredictable chemical behavior and high costs. Here, we report the dehydrocoupling of o-tolylgermanium trihydride to amorphous nanoparticles. The reaction is facilitated through reflux at 162 °C and can be accelerated with an amine base catalyst. Through cleavage of both H2 and toluene, new Ge-Ge bonds form. This results in nanoparticles consisting of crosslinked germanium with o-tolyl termination. The particles are 2-6 nm in size and have masses above approximately 3500 Da. The organic substituents are promising for further functionalization. Combined with strong absorption up to 600 nm and moderate solubility and air stability, there are numerous possibilities for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schmid
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Brigitte Bitschnau
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/I, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Matjaž Finšgar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Ilse Letofsky-Papst
- Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis and Center for Electron Microscopy, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Steyrergasse 17, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Rattenberger
- Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy (ZFE), Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Robert Saf
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Frank Uhlig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Ana Torvisco
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
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Pelzer S, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Ignat'ev N, Hoge B. Tris(pentafluoroethyl)germane: Deprotonation and Hydrogermylation Reactions. Chemistry 2017; 23:12233-12242. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Pelzer
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Nikolai Ignat'ev
- Consultant, Merck KGaA; Frankfurter Str. 250 64293 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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Schwarze N, Steinhauer S, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Hoge B. Nucleophilic Transfer Reactions of the [Si(C 2 F 5 ) 3 ] - Moiety. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:16161-16164. [PMID: 27902862 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The tris(pentafluoroethyl)silanide anion is accessible by the deprotonation of Si(C2 F5 )3 H at low temperatures. Subsequent quenching of the resulting salt-like compounds with suitable electrophiles, such as transition-metal complexes or Group 14 element halides, leads to a plethora of novel tris(pentafluoroethyl)silane derivatives. This underlines the versatility of Li[Si(C2 F5 )3 ] as a powerful nucleophilic transfer reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Schwarze
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Simon Steinhauer
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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Schwarze N, Steinhauer S, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Hoge B. Nukleophile Übertragungsreaktionen der [Si(C 2F 5) 3] −-Einheit. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Schwarze
- Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Simon Steinhauer
- Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
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5
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Zaitsev KV, Lermontova EK, Churakov AV, Tafeenko VA, Tarasevich BN, Poleshchuk OK, Kharcheva AV, Magdesieva TV, Nikitin OM, Zaitseva GS, Karlov SS. Compounds of Group 14 Elements with an Element–Element (E = Si, Ge, Sn) Bond: Effect of the Nature of the Element Atom. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om501293t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Zaitsev
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elmira Kh. Lermontova
- N. S. Kurnakov General and Inorganic Chemistry Institute,Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii
Pr., 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrei V. Churakov
- N. S. Kurnakov General and Inorganic Chemistry Institute,Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii
Pr., 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Viktor A. Tafeenko
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Boris N. Tarasevich
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Oleg Kh. Poleshchuk
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Av., 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Kievskaya Str., 60, Tomsk 634061, Russia
| | - Anastasia V. Kharcheva
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Magdesieva
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Oleg M. Nikitin
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Science, Vavilova
Str. 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Galina S. Zaitseva
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Karlov
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Weng C, Kouvetakis J, Chizmeshya AVG. A novel predictive model for formation enthalpies of Si and Ge hydrides with propane- and butane-like structures. J Comput Chem 2010; 32:835-53. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kawachi A, Machida K, Yamamoto Y. Reactions of [o-(Fluorodimethylsilyl)phenyl]lithium with GeCl2 and SnCl2: Preparation of Polyfunctionalized Four-Membered and Five-Membered Cyclic Linkages of Heavier Group 14 Elements. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900694u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kawachi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Koji Machida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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