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Trippmacher S, Demeshko S, Prescimone A, Meyer F, Wenger OS, Wang C. Ferromagnetically Coupled Chromium(III) Dimer Shows Luminescence and Sensitizes Photon Upconversion. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400856. [PMID: 38523568 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
There has been much progress on mononuclear chromium(III) complexes featuring luminescence and photoredox activity, but dinuclear chromium(III) complexes have remained underexplored in these contexts until now. We identified a tridentate chelate ligand able to accommodate both meridional and facial coordination of chromium(III), to either access a mono- or a dinuclear chromium(III) complex depending on reaction conditions. This chelate ligand causes tetragonally distorted primary coordination spheres around chromium(III) in both complexes, entailing comparatively short excited-state lifetimes in the range of 400 to 800 ns in solution at room temperature and making photoluminescence essentially oxygen insensitive. The two chromium(III) ions in the dimer experience ferromagnetic exchange interactions that result in a high spin (S=3) ground state with a coupling constant of +9.3 cm-1. Photoinduced energy transfer from the luminescent ferromagnetically coupled dimer to an anthracene derivative results in sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion. Based on these proof-of-principle studies, dinuclear chromium(III) complexes seem attractive for the development of fundamentally new types of photophysics and photochemistry enabled by magnetic exchange interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Trippmacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department of Chemistry, BPR 1096, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Barbarastraße 7, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
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Doistau B, Jiménez JR, Lawson Daku LM, Piguet C. Complex-as-Ligand Strategy as a Tool for the Design of a Binuclear Nonsymmetrical Chromium(III) Assembly: Near-Infrared Double Emission and Intramolecular Energy Transfer. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11023-11031. [PMID: 35820089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The chromium(III) polypyridyl complexes are appealing for their long-lived near-infrared (NIR) emission reaching the millisecond range and for the strong circularly polarized luminescence of their isolated enantiomers. However, harnessing those properties in functional polynuclear CrIII devices remains mainly inaccessible because of the lack of synthetic methods for their design and functionalization. Even the preparation and investigation of most basic nonsymmetrical CrIII dyads exhibiting directional intramolecular intermetallic energy transfer remain unexplored. Taking advantage of the inertness of heteroleptic chromium(III) polypyridyl building blocks, we herein adapt the "complex-as-ligand" strategy, largely used with precious 4d and 5d metals, for the preparation of a binuclear nonsymmetrical CrIII complex (3d metal). The resulting [(phen)2Cr(L)Cr(tpy)]6+ dyad shows dual long-lived NIR emission and a directional intermetallic energy transfer that is controlled by the specific arrangements of the different coordination spheres. This strategy opens a route for building predetermined polynuclear assemblies with this earth-abundant metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Doistau
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Juan-Ramón Jiménez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Granada and "Unidad de Excelencia en Química", Avenida Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Latévi Max Lawson Daku
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Claude Piguet
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Wang C, Reichenauer F, Kitzmann WR, Kerzig C, Heinze K, Resch‐Genger U. Efficient Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion Sensitized by a Chromium(III) Complex via an Underexplored Energy Transfer Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202238. [PMID: 35344256 PMCID: PMC9322448 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (sTTA-UC) mainly relies on precious metal complexes thanks to their high intersystem crossing (ISC) efficiencies, excited state energies, and lifetimes, while complexes of abundant first-row transition metals are only rarely utilized and with often moderate UC quantum yields. [Cr(bpmp)2 ]3+ (bpmp=2,6-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)pyridine) containing earth-abundant chromium possesses an absorption band suitable for green light excitation, a doublet excited state energy matching the triplet energy of 9,10-diphenyl anthracene (DPA), a close to millisecond excited state lifetime, and high photostability. Combined ISC and doublet-triplet energy transfer from excited [Cr(bpmp)2 ]3+ to DPA gives 3 DPA with close-to-unity quantum yield. TTA of 3 DPA furnishes green-to-blue UC with a quantum yield of 12.0 % (close to the theoretical maximum). Sterically less-hindered anthracenes undergo a [4+4] cycloaddition with [Cr(bpmp)2 ]3+ and green light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wang
- Division BiophotonicsFederal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 1112489BerlinGermany
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFree University of BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Florian Reichenauer
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Winald R. Kitzmann
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Ute Resch‐Genger
- Division BiophotonicsFederal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 1112489BerlinGermany
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4
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Wang C, Reichenauer F, Kitzmann WR, Kerzig C, Heinze K, Resch‐Genger U. Efficient Triplet‐Triplet Annihilation Upconversion Sensitized by a Chromium(III) Complex via an Underexplored Energy Transfer Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wang
- Division Biophotonics Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11 12489 Berlin Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Free University of Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Florian Reichenauer
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Winald R. Kitzmann
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Ute Resch‐Genger
- Division Biophotonics Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11 12489 Berlin Germany
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Grusenmeyer TA, Chen J, Jin Y, Nguyen J, Rack JJ, Schmehl RH. pH Control of Intramolecular Energy Transfer and Oxygen Quenching in Ru(II) Complexes Having Coupled Electronic Excited States. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:7497-506. [DOI: 10.1021/ja300866s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tod A. Grusenmeyer
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
70118, United States
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
70118, United States
| | - Yuhuan Jin
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Jonathan Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
70118, United States
| | - Jeffrey J. Rack
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Russell H. Schmehl
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
70118, United States
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Sun C, Turlington CR, Thomas WW, Wade JH, Stout WM, Grisenti DL, Forrest WP, VanDerveer DG, Wagenknecht PS. Synthesis of cis and trans Bis-alkynyl Complexes of Cr(III) and Rh(III) Supported by a Tetradentate Macrocyclic Amine: A Spectroscopic Investigation of the M(III)–Alkynyl Interaction. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:9354-64. [DOI: 10.1021/ic2009336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chivin Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613,
United States
| | | | - W. Walsh Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613,
United States
| | - James H. Wade
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613,
United States
| | - Wade M. Stout
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613,
United States
| | - David L. Grisenti
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613,
United States
| | - William P. Forrest
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613,
United States
| | - Donald G. VanDerveer
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634,
United States
| | - Paul S. Wagenknecht
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613,
United States
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Ostrowski AD, Absalonson RO, Leo MAD, Wu G, Pavlovich JG, Adamson J, Azhar B, Iretskii AV, Megson IL, Ford PC. Photochemistry of trans-Cr(cyclam)(ONO)2+, a Nitric Oxide Precursor. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:4453-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ic200094x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis D. Ostrowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - Ryan O. Absalonson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - Malcolm A. De Leo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - James G. Pavlovich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - Janet Adamson
- Free Radical Research Facility, Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, University of the Highlands & Islands, Inverness, IV2 3JH, Scotland, U.K
| | - Bilal Azhar
- Free Radical Research Facility, Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, University of the Highlands & Islands, Inverness, IV2 3JH, Scotland, U.K
| | - Alexei V. Iretskii
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Sciences, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan 49783, United States
| | - Ian L. Megson
- Free Radical Research Facility, Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, University of the Highlands & Islands, Inverness, IV2 3JH, Scotland, U.K
| | - Peter C. Ford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
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