1
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Winslow C, Rathke P, Rittle J. Multielectron Bond Cleavage Processes Enabled by Redox-Responsive Phosphinimide Ligands. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17697-17704. [PMID: 37847032 PMCID: PMC10618924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The activation of small molecules via multielectron redox processes offers promise in mediating difficult transformations related to energy conversion processes. While molecular systems that engage in one- and two-electron redox processes are widespread, those that participate in the direct transfer of four or more electrons to small molecules are very rare. To that end, we report a mononuclear CrII complex competent for the 4-electron reduction of dioxygen (O2) and nitrosoarenes. These systems additionally engage in facile two-electron group transfer reactivity, including O atom excision and nitrene transfer. Structural, spectroscopic, and computational studies support bond activation processes that intimately occur at a mononuclear chromium(phosphinimide) center and highlight the unusual structural responsiveness of the phosphinimides in stabilizing a range of metal redox states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles
C. Winslow
- Department of Chemistry, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Paul Rathke
- Department of Chemistry, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jonathan Rittle
- Department of Chemistry, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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2
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Abstract
Cobalt-NHC complexes have emerged as an attractive class of 3d transition metal catalysts for a broad range of chemical processes, including cross-coupling, hydrogenation, hydrofunctionalization and cycloaddition reactions. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of catalytic methods utilizing cobalt-NHC complexes with a focus on catalyst structure, the role of the NHC ligand, properties of the catalytic system, mechanism and synthetic utility. The survey clearly suggests that the recent emergence of well-defined cobalt-NHC catalysts may have a tremendous utility in the design and application of catalytic reactions using more abundant 3d transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Sekhar Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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3
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Bezdek MJ, Chirik PJ. Pyridine(diimine) Chelate Hydrogenation in a Molybdenum Nitrido Ethylene Complex. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Máté J. Bezdek
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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4
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Wagner CL, Phan NA, Fettinger JC, Berben LA, Power PP. New Characterization of V{N(SiMe3)2}3: Reductions of Tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)amido]vanadium(III) and -chromium(III) To Afford the Reduced Metal(II) Anions [M{N(SiMe3)2}3]− (M = V and Cr). Inorg Chem 2019; 58:6095-6101. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clifton L. Wagner
- University of California at Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Nathan A. Phan
- University of California at Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - James C. Fettinger
- University of California at Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Louise A. Berben
- University of California at Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Philip P. Power
- University of California at Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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5
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Heins SP, Zhang B, MacMillan SN, Cundari TR, Wolczanski PT. Oxidative Additions to Ti(IV) in [(dadi)4–]TiIV(THF) Involve Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation and Redox-Noninnocent Behavior. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Spencer P. Heins
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Bufan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Samantha N. MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department of Chemistry, CASCaM, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76201, United States
| | - Peter T. Wolczanski
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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6
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7
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Nugent JW, Espinosa Martinez G, Gray DL, Fout AR. Synthesis and Characterization of Bidentate NHC-CAryl Nickel(II) Complexes: Isocyanide Insertion To Form NHC-η2-iminoacyl Complexes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Nugent
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Gabriel Espinosa Martinez
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Danielle L. Gray
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alison R. Fout
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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8
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Xing J, Sun H, Xue B, Li X, Fuhr O, Fenske D. Formation of 2-Azaallyl Cobalt(I) Complexes by Csp3–H Bond Activation. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Xing
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional
Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250199 Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Sun
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional
Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250199 Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Benjing Xue
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional
Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250199 Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional
Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250199 Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Institut
für Nanotechnologie (INT) und Karlsruher Nano-Micro-Facility
(KNMF), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dieter Fenske
- Institut
für Nanotechnologie (INT) und Karlsruher Nano-Micro-Facility
(KNMF), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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9
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Jacobs BP, Wolczanski PT, Lobkovsky EB. Oxidatively Triggered Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation in Ene-amide Complexes. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:4223-32. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian P. Jacobs
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Peter T. Wolczanski
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Emil B. Lobkovsky
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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10
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Yousif M, Cabelof AC, Martin PD, Lord RL, Groysman S. Synthesis of a mononuclear, non-square-planar chromium(ii) bis(alkoxide) complex and its reactivity toward organic carbonyls and CO2. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:9794-804. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00279j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rare non-square-planar mononuclear Cr(ii) bis(alkoxide) complex Cr(OR′)2(THF)2 is reported and its reactivity with organic carbonyls and CO2 is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Yousif
- Department of Chemistry
- Wayne State University
- Detroit
- USA
| | - Alyssa C. Cabelof
- Department of Chemistry
- Wayne State University
- Detroit
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Richard L. Lord
- Department of Chemistry
- Grand Valley State University
- Allendale
- USA
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Suárez-Pantiga S, Colas K, Johansson MJ, Mendoza A. Scalable Synthesis of Piperazines Enabled by Visible-Light Irradiation and Aluminum Organometallics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14094-8. [PMID: 26337253 PMCID: PMC4648034 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of more active C-H oxidation catalysts has inspired a rapid, scalable, and stereoselective assembly of multifunctional piperazines through a [3+3] coupling of azomethine ylides. A combination of visible-light irradiation and aluminum organometallics is essential to promote this transformation, which introduces visible-light photochemistry of main-group organometallics and sets the basis for new and promising catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Suárez-Pantiga
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Berzelii EXSELENT Center for Porous Materials, Stockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratory, 10691 Stockholm (Sweden) http://www.organ.su.se/am/
| | - Kilian Colas
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Berzelii EXSELENT Center for Porous Materials, Stockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratory, 10691 Stockholm (Sweden) http://www.organ.su.se/am/
| | - Magnus J Johansson
- Innovative Medicines, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Medicinal Chemistry, AstraZeneca R&D, Pepparedsleden 1, 43183 Mölndal (Sweden)
| | - Abraham Mendoza
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Berzelii EXSELENT Center for Porous Materials, Stockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratory, 10691 Stockholm (Sweden) http://www.organ.su.se/am/.
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13
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Lindley BM, Wolczanski PT, Cundari TR, Lobkovsky EB. First-Row Transition Metal and Lithium Pyridine-ene-amide Complexes Exhibiting N- and C-Isomers and Ligand-Based Activation of Benzylic C–H Bonds. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Lindley
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Peter T. Wolczanski
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced
Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, Box 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5070, United States
| | - Emil B. Lobkovsky
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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14
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Hulley EB, Williams VA, Morris WD, Wolczanski PT, Hernández-Burgos K, Lobkovsky EB, Cundari TR. Disparate reactivity from isomeric {Me 2 C(CH 2 N CHpy) 2 } and {Me 2 C(CH NCH 2 py) 2 } chelates in iron complexation. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Jiang Y, Chakarawet K, Kohout AL, Nava M, Marino N, Cummins CC. Dihydrogen Tetrametaphosphate, [P4O12H2]2–: Synthesis, Solubilization in Organic Media, Preparation of its Anhydride [P4O11]2– and Acidic Methyl Ester, and Conversion to Tetrametaphosphate Metal Complexes via Protonolysis. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11894-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5058339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Jiang
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Khetpakorn Chakarawet
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrea Laura Kohout
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew Nava
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nadia Marino
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, via P.
Bucci 14/c, 87036 Rende, (CS), Italy
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244-4100, United States
| | - Christopher C. Cummins
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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16
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Morris WD, Wolczanski PT, Sutter J, Meyer K, Cundari TR, Lobkovsky EB. Iron and chromium complexes containing tridentate chelates based on nacnac and imino- and methyl-pyridine components: triggering C-X bond formation. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:7467-84. [PMID: 25010819 DOI: 10.1021/ic500807y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nacnac-based tridentate ligands containing a pyridyl-methyl and a 2,6-dialkyl-phenylamine (i.e., (2,6-R2-C6H3N═C(Me)CH═C(Me)NH(CH2py); R = Et, {Et(nn)PM}H; R = (i)Pr, {(i)Pr(nn)PM}H) were synthesized by condensation routes. Treatment of M{N(TMS)2}THFn (M = Cr, n = 2; M = Fe, Co, n = 1; TMS = trimethylsilane; THF = tetrahydrofuran) with {(i)Pr(nn)PM}H) afforded {(i)Pr(nn)PM}MN(TMS)2 (1-M(iPr); M = Cr, Fe); {Et(nn)PM}MN(TMS)2 (1-M(Et); M = Fe, Co) was similarly obtained. {R(nn)PM}FeBr (R = (i)Pr, Et; 2-Fe(R)) were prepared from FeBr2 and {R(nn)PM}Li, and alkylated to generate {R(nn)PM}Fe(neo)Pe (R = (i)Pr, Et; 3-Fe(R)). Carbonylation of 3-Fe(R) provided {(i)Pr(nn)PM}Fe(CO(neo)Pe)CO (4-Fe(iPr)), and carbonylations of 1-Fe(R) (R = Et, (i)Pr) and 1-Cr(iPr) induced deamination to afford {R(nn)PI}Fe(CO)2 (R = (i)Pr, 5-Fe(iPr); Et, 5-Fe(Et)), where PI is pyridine-imine, and {κ(2)-N,N-pyrim-pyr}Cr(CO)4 (6-Cr(iPr)), in which the aryl-amide side of the nacnac attacked the incipient PI group. Carbon-carbon bonds were formed at the imine carbon of the {R(nn)PI} ligand. Addition of [{(i)Pr(nn)PI}(2-)](K(+)(THF)x)2 to FeCl3 generated {(i)Pr(nn)CHpy}2Fe2Cl2 (7-Fe(iPr)), and TMSN3 induced the deamination of 1-Fe(Et), but with disproportionation to provide {[Et(nn)CHpy]2}Fe (8-Fe(Et)). Ph2CN2 induced C-C bond formation with 1-Fe(iPr) via its thermal degradation to ultimately afford {(i)Pr(nn)CHpy}2(FeN═CPh2)2 (9-Fe(iPr)). The compounds were examined by X-ray crystallography (1-M(iPr), M = Cr, Fe; 1-Co(Et); 2-Fe(iPr); 4-Fe(iPr); 5-Fe(iPr); 6-Cr(iPr); 7-Fe(iPr); 8-Fe(Et); 9-Fe(iPr)), Mössbauer spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy. Structural parameters assessing redox noninnocence are discussed, as are structural and mechanistic consequences of the various electronic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley D Morris
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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17
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Williams VA, Wolczanski PT, Sutter J, Meyer K, Lobkovsky EB, Cundari TR. Iron complexes derived from {nacnac-(CH2py)2}- and {nacnac-(CH2py)(CHpy)}n ligands: stabilization of iron(II) via redox noninnocence. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:4459-74. [PMID: 24762120 DOI: 10.1021/ic5001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nacnac-based tetradentate chelates, {nacnac-(CH2py)2}(-) ({nn(PM)2}(-)) and {nacnac-(CH2py)(CHpy)}(n) ({nn(PM)(PI)}(n)) have been investigated in iron complexes. Treatment of Fe{N(TMS)2}2(THF) with {nn(PM)2}H afforded {nn(PM)2}FeN(TMS)2 [1-N(TMS)2], which led to {nn(PM)2}FeCl (1-Cl) from HCl and to {nn(PM)2}FeN3 (1-N3) upon salt metathesis. Dehydroamination of 1-N(TMS)2 was induced by L (L = PMe3, CO) to afford {nn(PM)(PI)}Fe(PMe3)2 [2-(PMe3)2] and {nn(PM)(PI)}FeCO (3-CO). Substitution of 2-(PMe3)2 led to {nn(PM)(PI)}Fe(PMe3)CO [2-(PMe3)CO], and exposure to a vacuum provided {nn(PM)(PI)}Fe(PMe3) (3-PMe3). Metathesis routes to {nn(PM)(PI)}FeL2 (2-L2; L = PMe3, PMe2Ph) and {nn(PM)(PI)}FeL (3-L; L = PMePh2, PPh3) from [{nn(PM)(PI)}(2-)]Li2 and FeBr2(THF)2 in the presence of L proved feasible, and 1e(-) and 2e(-) oxidation of 2-(PMe3)2 afforded 2(+)-(PMe3)2 and 2(2+)-(PMe3)2 salts. Mössbauer spectroscopy, structural studies, and calculational assessments revealed the dominance of iron(II) in both high-spin (1-X) and low-spin (2-L2 and 3-L) environments, and the redox noninnocence (RNI) of {nn(PM)(PI)}(n) [2-L2, 3-L, n = 2-; 2(+)-(PMe3)2, n = 1-; 2(2+)-(PMe3)2, n = 0]. A discussion regarding the utility of RNI in chemical reactivity is proffered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A Williams
- Baker Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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18
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Olatunji-Ojo OA, Cundari TR. C–H Activation by Multiply Bonded Complexes with Potentially Noninnocent Ligands: A Computational Study. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:8106-13. [DOI: 10.1021/ic400804x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka A. Olatunji-Ojo
- Department of Chemistry
and Center for Advanced Scientific
Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton, Texas 76203-5070,
United States
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department of Chemistry
and Center for Advanced Scientific
Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton, Texas 76203-5070,
United States
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19
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Frazier BA, Williams VA, Wolczanski PT, Bart SC, Meyer K, Cundari TR, Lobkovsky EB. C-C bond formation and related reactions at the CNC backbone in (smif)FeX (smif = 1,3-di-(2-pyridyl)-2-azaallyl): dimerizations, 3 + 2 cyclization, and nucleophilic attack; transfer hydrogenations and alkyne trimerization (X = N(TMS)2, dpma = (di-(2-pyridyl-methyl)-amide)). Inorg Chem 2013; 52:3295-312. [PMID: 23448130 DOI: 10.1021/ic302783y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Molecular orbital analysis depicts the CNC(nb) backbone of the smif (1,3-di-(2-pyridyl)-2-azaallyl) ligand as having singlet diradical and/or ionic character where electrophilic or nucleophilic attack is plausible. Reversible dimerization of (smif)Fe{N(SiMe3)2} (1) to [{(Me3Si)2N}Fe]2(μ-κ(3),κ(3)-N,py2-smif,smif) (2) may be construed as diradical coupling. A proton transfer within the backbone-methylated, and o-pyridine-methylated smif of putative ((b)Me2(o)Me2smif)FeN(SiMe3)2 (8) provides a route to [{(Me3Si)2N}Fe]2(μ-κ(4),κ(4)-N,py2,C-((b)Me,(b)CH2,(o)Me2(smif)H))2 (9). A 3 + 2 cyclization of ditolyl-acetylene occurs with 1, leading to the dimer [{2,5-di(pyridin-2-yl)-3,4-di-(p-tolyl-2,5-dihydropyrrol-1-ide)}FeN(SiMe3)2]2 (11), and the collateral discovery of alkyne cyclotrimerization led to a brief study that identified Fe(N(SiMe3)2(THF) as an effective catalyst. Nucleophilic attack by (smif)2Fe (13) on (t)BuNCO and (2,6-(i)Pr2C6H3)NCO afforded (RNHCO-smif)2Fe (14a, R = (t)Bu; 14b, 2,6-(i)PrC6H3). Calculations suggested that (dpma)2Fe (15) would favorably lose dihydrogen to afford (smif)2Fe (13). H2-transfer to alkynes, olefins, imines, PhN═NPh, and ketones was explored, but only stoichiometric reactions were affected. Some physical properties of the compounds were examined, and X-ray structural studies on several dinuclear species were conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda A Frazier
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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20
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Williams VA, Hulley EB, Wolczanski PT, Lancaster KM, Lobkovsky EB. Exploring the limits of redox non-innocence: pseudo square planar [{κ4-Me2C(CH2NCHpy)2}Ni]n (n = 2+, 1+, 0, −1, −2) favor Ni(ii). Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc50743b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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21
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Chen Z, Wu J, Chen Y, Li L, Xia Y, Li Y, Liu W, Lei T, Yang L, Gao D, Li W. Rapid Access to Substituted Piperazines via Ti(NMe2)4-Mediated C–C Bond-Making Reactions. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300022u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering,
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources and Chemistry
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Xining 810008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering,
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering,
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering,
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhi Xia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic
of China
| | - Yahong Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering,
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering,
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources and Chemistry
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Xining 810008, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering,
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources and Chemistry
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Xining 810008, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Li
- Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources and Chemistry
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Xining 810008, People's Republic of China
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22
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Frazier BA, Wolczanski PT, Keresztes I, DeBeer S, Lobkovsky EB, Pierpont AW, Cundari TR. Synthetic approaches to (smif)2Ti (smif = 1,3-di-(2-pyridyl)-2-azaallyl) reveal redox non-innocence and C-C bond-formation. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:8177-86. [PMID: 22830452 DOI: 10.1021/ic300590t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Attempted syntheses of (smif)(2)Ti (smif =1,3-di-(2-pyridyl)-2-azaallyl) based on metatheses of TiCl(n)L(m) (n = 2-4) with M(smif) (M = Li, Na), in the presence of a reducing agent (Na/Hg) when necessary, failed, but several apparent Ti(II) species were identified by X-ray crystallography and multidimensional NMR spectroscopy: (smif){Li(smif-smif)}Ti (1, X-ray), [(smif)Ti](2)(μ-κ(3),κ(3)-N,N(py)(2)-smif,smif) (2), (smif)Ti(κ(3)-N,N(py)(2)-smif,(smif)H) (3), and (smif)Ti(dpma) (4, dpma = di-2-pyridylmethyl-amide). NMR spectroscopy and K-edge XAS showed that each compound possesses ligands that are redox noninnnocent, such that d(1) Ti(III) centers AF-couple to ligand radicals: (smif){Li(smif-smif)(2-)}Ti(III) (1), [(smif(2-))Ti(III)](2)(μ-κ(3),κ(3)-N,N(py)(2)-smif,smif) (2), [(smif(2-))Ti(III)](κ(3)-N,N(py)(2)-smif,(smif)H) (3), and (smif(2-))Ti(III)(dpma) (4). The instability of (smif)(2)Ti relative to its C-C coupled dimer, 2, is rationalized via the complementary nature of the amide and smif radical dianion ligands, which are also common to 3 and 4. Calculations support this contention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda A Frazier
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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23
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Frazier BA, Bartholomew ER, Wolczanski PT, DeBeer S, Santiago-Berrios M, Abruña HD, Lobkovsky EB, Bart SC, Mossin S, Meyer K, Cundari TR. Synthesis and Characterization of (smif)2Mn (n = 0, M = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru; n = +1, M = Cr, Mn, Co, Rh, Ir; smif =1,3-di-(2-pyridyl)-2-azaallyl). Inorg Chem 2011; 50:12414-36. [DOI: 10.1021/ic200376f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda A. Frazier
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Erika R. Bartholomew
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Peter T. Wolczanski
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mitk’El Santiago-Berrios
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hector D. Abruña
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Emil B. Lobkovsky
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Suzanne C. Bart
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Mossin
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department of Chemistry, Center
for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, Box 305070, Denton, Texas
76203-5070, United States
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24
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Spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and nucleophilicity of nickel and cobalt complexes of 2′-pyridine carboxaldehyde 2′-pyridyl hydrazone (papyH). Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Hulley EB, Wolczanski PT, Lobkovsky EB. Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation from Azaallyl and Imine Couplings about Metal–Metal Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:18058-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ja207638h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elliott B. Hulley
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Peter T. Wolczanski
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Emil B. Lobkovsky
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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26
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Cheetham CA, Massey RS, Pira SL, Pritchard RG, Wallace TW. Atroposelective formation of dibenz[c,e]azepines via intramolecular direct arylation with centre-axis chirality transfer. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:1831-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00889c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Prokopchuk DE, Lough AJ, Morris RH. From amine to ruthenaziridine to azaallyl: unusual transformation of di-(2-pyridylmethyl)amine on ruthenium. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:10603-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10626k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Volpe EC, Manke DR, Bartholomew ER, Wolczanski PT, Lobkovsky EB. Aryl−Oxazoline Chelates of First-Row Transition Metals: Structures of {κ-C,N-(o-C6H4)CMe2(COCH2CMe2N)}FeCl(py) and [(κ-C,N-(o-C6H4)CMe2(COCH2CMe2N)}Cr(μ-Cl)]2. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100420z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Volpe
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - David R. Manke
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Erika R. Bartholomew
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Peter T. Wolczanski
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Emil B. Lobkovsky
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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29
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Sarkar S, McGowan KP, Culver JA, Carlson AR, Koller J, Peloquin AJ, Veige MK, Abboud KA, Veige AS. NCN Trianionic Pincer Ligand Precursors: Synthesis of Bimetallic, Chelating Diamide, and Pincer Group IV Complexes. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:5143-56. [DOI: 10.1021/ic100232s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Sarkar
- Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Kevin P. McGowan
- Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Jeffrey A. Culver
- Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Adam R. Carlson
- Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Jürgen Koller
- Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Andrew J. Peloquin
- Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Melanie K. Veige
- Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Khalil A. Abboud
- Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Adam S. Veige
- Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611
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30
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Volpe EC, Wolczanski PT, Lobkovsky EB. Aryl-Containing Pyridine-Imine and Azaallyl Chelates of Iron toward Strong Field Coordination Compounds. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900793c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Volpe
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Peter T. Wolczanski
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Emil B. Lobkovsky
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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