Copper(II) and Nickel(II) Complexes of β-Aminoketoxime Ligand: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, Magnetism, and Nickel(II) Templated Coupling of Oxime with Nitrile

Ni(ii) complexes of the phosphine-oxime Ph2PC6H4-2-CH[double bond, length as m-dash]NOH

We report the solution and structural chemistry of nickel(ii) complexes of the phosphine-oxime Ph2PC6H4-2-CH[double bond, length as m-dash]NOH (PCH[double bond, length as m-dash]NOH). PCH[double bond, length as m-dash]NOH invariably binds in a bidentate manner as illustrated by cis-Ni(PCH[double bond, length as m-dash]NOH)2Cl2 and cis-[Ni(PCH[double bond, length as m-dash]NOH)2]2+ (as its BF4- salt). Treatment of PCH[double bond, length as m-dash]NOH with Ni(OAc)2(H2O)4 gave charge-neutral trans-[Ni(PCH[double bond, length as m-dash]NO)2]0. Treatment of trans-[Ni(PCH[double bond, length as m-dash]NO)2]0 with BF3 gave [Ni(PCH[double bond, length as m-dash]NO)2BF2]BF4. The cation features a planar NiP2N2 center wherein the pair of oximate groups are linked by the difluoroboryl center. The 1 : 1 complexes of the oxime and the oximate are illustrated by [Ni(PCH[double bond, length as m-dash]NOH)Cl2]2 and [Ni(C6F5)(PCH[double bond, length as m-dash]NO)]2, which feature five- and four-coordinate Ni(ii) centers, respectively. All complexes in this series hydrolyze to give the trinickel oxo-phosphine-oximate complex [Ni3(PCH[double bond, length as m-dash]NO)3O]+. One feature of the PCH[double bond, length as m-dash]NOH ligand is its wide bite angle combined with its protic OH center. These aspects are manifested in the structures of Ni(PCH[double bond, length as m-dash]NOH)2Cl2 and [Ni(PCH[double bond, length as m-dash]NOH)Cl2]2, which show intramolecular hydrogen bonding to terminal chloride ligands.

Computational Insight Into the Hydroamination of an Activated Olefin, As Catalyzed by a 1,2,4-Triazole-Derived Nickel(II) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex

A density functional theory (DFT) investigation performed at the B3LYP/TZVP//B3LYP/6-31G(d)-LANL2DZ level of theory on the hydroamination of dimethylamine (Me₂NH) on an activated olefin (namely, acrylonitrile (CH₂═CHCN)), as catalyzed by a 1,2,4-triazol based nickel(II) N-heterocyclic carbene complex (namely, [1,4-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazole-5-ylidene]₂ nickel dichloride) revealed that the olefin coordination pathway is favorable over the amine coordination pathway, although the initial olefin coordination step is higher in energy than the initial amine coordination step. Significantly enough, the reaction involved a crucial 1,3-proton transfer step between the resonance intermediates, i.e., the C-bound [(NHC)₂Ni(CH(CN)CH₂NHMe₂)]⁺ (D) species or N-bound [(NHC)₂Ni(NCCHCH₂NHMe₂)]⁺ (E) species and the intermediate [(NHC)₂Ni(NCCH₂CH₂NMe₂)]⁺ (F), depicting the cleavage of a N-H bond and the formation of a C-H bond facilitated by a water-assisted/amine-assisted proton shuttle. Overall, among the various pathways explored, the lowest energy pathway involved alkene coordination, followed by an amine-assisted 1,3-proton transfer step.

Metal-Involving Synthesis and Reactions of Oximes

This review classifies and summarizes the past 10-15 years of advancements in the field of metal-involving (i.e., metal-mediated and metal-catalyzed) reactions of oximes. These reactions are diverse in nature and have been employed for syntheses of oxime-based metal complexes and cage-compounds, oxime functionalizations, and the preparation of new classes of organic species, in particular, a wide variety of heterocyclic systems spanning small 3-membered ring systems to macroheterocycles. This consideration gives a general outlook of reaction routes, mechanisms, and driving forces and underlines the potential of metal-involving conversions of oxime species for application in various fields of chemistry and draws attention to the emerging putative targets.

pH dependent facile synthesis of di- and trinuclear oxime based Cu(ii) complexes: antiferromagnetic coupling in the dinuclear cores and spin frustration in the triangular core

Two antiferromagnetic dinuclear and one spin frustrated trinuclear cores of oxime based Cu(ii) compounds have been synthesized by changing the pH of the reaction mixtures.

Reactivity of nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of a β-aminohydrazone ligand with pyridine-2-aldehyde: macrocyclization vs unprecedented pyrazole ring synthesis via C-C bond-forming reaction

The synthesis and characterization of a mononuclear nickel(II) complex [Ni(L(2))](ClO(4))(2) (1) and an analogous mononuclear copper(II) complex [Cu(L(2))](ClO(4))(2) (2) of a 15-membered azamacrocycle (L(2) = 3-(2-pyridyl)-6,8,8,13,13,15-hexamethyl-1,2,4,5,9,12-hexaazacyclopentadeca-5,15-diene) are reported. The macrocyclic ligand is formed during the reaction of 4,4,9,9-tetramethyl-5,8-diazadodecane-2,11-dione dihydrazone (L(1)) with pyridine-2-aldehyde (PyCHO) templated by metal ions. The X-ray crystal structure of 1 exhibits a distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry, where the metal ion sits in the macrocyclic cavity and the pendant pyridine group of L(2) occupies the axial position. While 1 is stable in the presence of an excess of PyCHO, 2 reacts further with copper(II) salt and PyCHO to form a mononuclear copper(I) complex, [Cu(H(2)L(3))](ClO(4))(3) (3). The structure of the complex cation of 3 reveals a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry at the copper center with a pseudo 2-fold screw axis. A two-dimensional (2D) polymeric copper(II) complex, {[Cu(2)(L(4))(2)](ClO(4))(2)}(n) (4) is obtained by reacting complex 2 (or [Ni(L(1))](ClO(4))(2)) with copper(II) perchlorate and pyridine-2-aldehyde in a methanol-water solvent mixture. Complex 4 is also obtained by treating 3 with copper(II) perchlorate and pyridine-2-aldehyde in the presence of a base. The X-ray structural analysis of 4 confirms the formation of a pyrazolate bridged dimeric copper(II) complex. The extended structure in the solid state of 4 revealed the formation of a 2D coordination polymer with the dimeric core as the repeating unit. The ligand (HL(4)) in 4 is a 3,4,5-trisubstituted pyrazole ring formed in situ via C-C bond formation and represents an unprecedented transformation reaction.