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Al Khalyfeh K, Ghazzy A, Al-As' Ad RM, Rüffer T, Kanoun O, Lang H. Ferrocenyl-triazole complexes and their use in heavy metal cation sensing. RSC Adv 2024; 14:20572-20584. [PMID: 38946768 PMCID: PMC11211737 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04023f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Complexes tris((1-ferrocenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)amine (3), bis((1-ferrocenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)amine (6), bis((1-ferrocenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)ether (7), and 1-ferrocenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methanamine (9) were synthesized using the copper-catalyzed click reaction. Complexes 3, 6, 7, and 9 were characterized using NMR (1H and 13{1H}) and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. Structures of 3, 7, and 9 in the solid state were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It was found that the triazole rings were planar and slightly twisted with respect to the cyclopentadienyl groups attached to them. Chains and 3D network structures were observed due to the presence of π⋯π and C-H⋯N interactions between the cyclopentadienyl and triazole ligands. A reversible redox behavior of the Fc groups between 239 and 257 mV with multicycle stability was characteristic for all the compounds, revealing that the electrochemically generated species Fc+ remained soluble in dichloromethane. Electrochemical sensor tests demonstrated the applicability of all the complexes to enhance the quantification sensing behavior of the screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) toward Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Al Khalyfeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University Ma'an 71111 Jordan
| | - Asma Ghazzy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University Amman 19328 Jordan
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy and Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University Amman 19328 Jordan
| | - Randa M Al-As' Ad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University Ma'an 71111 Jordan
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology 09111 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Olfa Kanoun
- Professorship Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology 09126 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Research Group Organometallics, Chemnitz University of Technology 09126 Chemnitz Germany
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2
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Maseme MR, Buitendach BE, Erasmus E, Swarts JC. The chemistry of spin-coated rhodium-ferrocenyl complexes supported on silanol-capped silicon wafers. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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3
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Hildebrandt A, Miesel D, Yuan Q, Freytag J, Mahrholdt J, Lang H. Anion and solvent dependency of the electronic coupling strength in mixed valent class II systems. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:13162-13168. [PMID: 31451808 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03121a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the coordination and ion pairing properties of electrolyte anions on electronic coupling in cationic class II mixed valent species was studied. In order to cover a range of electronic coupling strengths within the class II regime, weakly coupled 2,5-diferrocenyl-3,4-thiadiazol, moderately coupled 2,5-diferrocenyl thiophene and strongly coupled N-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-2,5-diferrocenyl-1H-pyrrole were chosen as analytes. The electrochemical properties of these compounds were determined by cyclic and square wave voltammetry using electrolytes with varying ion pairing capabilities, such as [NBu4][Cl], [NBu4][PF6] and [NBu4][BArF] ([NBu4][B(C6F5)4]), as well as solvents with increasing dielectric constants (dichloromethane (εr = 8.93), acetone (εr = 20.56), acetonitrile (εr = 35.94) and propylene carbonate (εr = 64.92)). It is shown that the choice of electrolyte has a considerable impact on the electrostatic and the electron transfer features of the mixed valent compounds when solvents of low polarity and low relative permittivity such as dichloromethane are used. For the use of more polar solvents such as propylene carbonate the electrochemical and spectroscopic properties are almost electrolyte independent. The solvatochromic and ion-related changes in the spectroscopic properties are most pronounced for weakly coupled systems and decrease with an increase in the electron transfer coupling strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hildebrandt
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Dominique Miesel
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Qing Yuan
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Janine Freytag
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Julia Mahrholdt
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
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4
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Müller K, Korb M, Koo C, Klingeler R, Miesel D, Hildebrandt A, Rüffer T, Lang H. Tri- (M = Cu II ) and hexanuclear (M = Ni II , Co II ) heterometallic coordination compounds with ferrocene monocarboxylate ligands: Solid-state structures and thermogravimetric, electrochemical and magnetic properties. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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6
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Peng Y, Ramos-Garcés MV, Lionetti D, Blakemore JD. Structural and Electrochemical Consequences of [Cp*] Ligand Protonation. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:10824-10831. [PMID: 28832122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7582, United States
| | - Mario V. Ramos-Garcés
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7582, United States
| | - Davide Lionetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7582, United States
| | - James D. Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7582, United States
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7
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Kowalski K, Szczupak Ł, Saloman S, Steverding D, Jabłoński A, Vrček V, Hildebrandt A, Lang H, Rybarczyk-Pirek A. Cymantrene, Cyrhetrene and Ferrocene Nucleobase Conjugates: Synthesis, Structure, Computational Study, Electrochemistry and Antitrypanosomal Activity. Chempluschem 2016; 82:303-314. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Kowalski
- Faculty of Chemistry; Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Łódź; Tamka 12 91403 Łódź Poland
| | - Łukasz Szczupak
- Faculty of Chemistry; Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Łódź; Tamka 12 91403 Łódź Poland
| | - Sebastian Saloman
- Technische Universität Chemnitz; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Institute of Chemistry; Inorganic Chemistry; 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Dietmar Steverding
- Bob Champion Research & Education Building; Norwich Medical School; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ United Kingdom
| | - Artur Jabłoński
- Faculty of Chemistry; Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Łódź; Tamka 12 91403 Łódź Poland
| | - Valerije Vrček
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Zagreb; Ante Kovačića 1 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Alexander Hildebrandt
- Technische Universität Chemnitz; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Institute of Chemistry; Inorganic Chemistry; 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Institute of Chemistry; Inorganic Chemistry; 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Agnieszka Rybarczyk-Pirek
- Faculty of Chemistry; Department of Theoretical and Structural Chemistry; University of Łódź; Pomorska 163/165 90236 Łódź Poland
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Erasmus E, Muller AJ, Siegert U, Swarts JC. Synthesis by ligand exchange and electrochemistry of ruthenocenyl-containing β-diketonato complexes of titanocene. Structure of [TiCp 2 (RcCOCHCOCH 3 )][ClO 4 ]. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Strehler F, Korb M, Rüffer T, Hildebrandt A, Lang H. Synthesis and isomerization behavior of cyano-vinyl ferrocenes. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Erasmus E. Synthesis and electrochemistry of p-substituted phenyl diphenylphosphinite rhodium(I) complexes. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Hildebrandt A, Al Khalyfeh K, Schaarschmidt D, Korb M. Multi-functionalized ferrocenes: –Synthesis and characterization –. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Chandra S, Gäbler C, Schliebe C, Lang H, Bahadur D. Fabrication of a label-free electrochemical immunosensor using a redox active ferrocenyl dendrimer. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj00830e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An amperometric immunosensor based on a redox active ferrocenyl end-grafted PAMAM dendrimer provides highly sensitive detection of immunoglobulin, down to 2 ng mL−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Chandra
- Department of Chemistry
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science
- NMIMS University
- Vile Parle (West) Mumbai-400056
- India
| | - Christian Gäbler
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- 09107 Chemnitz
| | - Christian Schliebe
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- 09107 Chemnitz
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- 09107 Chemnitz
| | - Dhirendra Bahadur
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Material Science
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai-400076
- India
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13
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Saloman S, Hildebrandt A, Korb M, Schwind M, Lang H. Electronic Tuneable Dynamic and Electrochemical Behavior ofN-(Diferrocenylmethylene)anilines. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201500557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Schliebe C, Pfaff U, Gemming T, Lochenie C, Weber B, Lang H. Si(OCH
2
Fc)
4
: Synthesis, Electrochemical Behavior, and Twin Polymerization. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schliebe
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany, https://www.tu‐chemnitz.de/chemie/anorg/
| | - Ulrike Pfaff
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany, https://www.tu‐chemnitz.de/chemie/anorg/
| | - Thomas Gemming
- IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Charles Lochenie
- Universität Bayreuth, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry II, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Birgit Weber
- Universität Bayreuth, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry II, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany, https://www.tu‐chemnitz.de/chemie/anorg/
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15
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Strehler F, Korb M, Poppitz EA, Lang H. 1-Cyano-1′-ethynyl-ferrocene: Synthesis and reaction chemistry. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Pfaff U, Hildebrandt A, Korb M, Schaarschmidt D, Rosenkranz M, Popov A, Lang H. Five-Membered Heterocycles as Linking Units in Strongly Coupled Homobimetallic Group 8 Metal Half-Sandwich Complexes. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Pfaff
- Institute
of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Alexander Hildebrandt
- Institute
of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Marcus Korb
- Institute
of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Dieter Schaarschmidt
- Institute
of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Institute
for Solid State Research, Department of Electrochemistry and Conducting
Polymers, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey Popov
- Institute
for Solid State Research, Department of Electrochemistry and Conducting
Polymers, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Institute
of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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17
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Pfaff U, Filipczyk G, Hildebrandt A, Korb M, Lang H. 1,3,5-Triferrocenyl-2,4,6-tris(ethynylferrocenyl)-benzene--a new member of the family of multiferrocenyl-functionalized cyclic systems. Dalton Trans 2015; 43:16310-21. [PMID: 25188690 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02307b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The consecutive synthesis of 1,3,5-triferrocenyl-2,4,6-tris(ethynylferrocenyl)benzene (6c) is described using 1,3,5-Cl3-2,4,6-I3-C6 (2) as starting compound. Subsequent Sonogashira C,C cross-coupling of 2 with FcC≡CH (3) in the molar ratio of 1:4 afforded solely 1,3,5-Cl3-2,4,6-(FcC≡C)3-C6 (4c) (Fc = Fe(η(5)-C5H4)(η(5)-C5H5)). However, when 2 is reacted with 3 in a 1:3 ratio a mixture of 1,3,5-Cl3-2-(FcC≡C)-4,6-I2-C6 (4a) and 1,3,5-Cl3-2,4-(FcC≡C)2-6-I-C6 (4b) is obtained. Negishi C,C cross-coupling of 4c with FcZnCl (5) in the presence of catalytic amounts of [Pd(CH2C(CH3)2P(tC4H9)2)(μ-Cl)]2 gave 1,3-Cl2-5-Fc-2,4,6-(FcC≡C)3-C6 (6a), 1-Cl-3,5-Fc2-2,4,6-(FcC≡C)3-C6 (6b) and 1,3,5-Fc3-2,4,6-(FcC≡C)3-C6 (6c) of which 6b is the main product. Column chromatography allowed the separation of these organometallic species. The structures of 4a,b and 6a in the solid state were determined by single crystal X-ray diffractometry showing a π–π interacting dimer (4b) and a complex π–π pattern for 6a. The electrochemical properties of 4a–c and 6a–c were studied by cyclic voltammetry (=CV) and square wave voltammetry (=SWV). It was found that the FcC≡C-substituted benzenes 4a–c show only one reversible redox event, indicating a simultaneous oxidation of all ferrocenyl units, whereby 4c is most difficult to oxidise (4a, E°′1 = 190, ΔEp = 71; 4b, E°′1 = 195, ΔEp = 59; 4c, E°′1 = 390, ΔEp = 59 mV). In case of 4c, the oxidation states 4c(n+) (n = 2, 3) are destabilised by the partial negative charge of the electronegative chlorine atoms, which compensates the repulsive electrostatic Fc+–Fc+ interactions with attractive electrostatic Fc+–Cl(δ−) interactions. When ferrocenyl units are directly attached to the benzene C6 core, organometallic 6a shows three, 6b five and 6c six separated reversible waves highlighting that the Fc units can separately be oxidised. UV-Vis/NIR spectroscopy allowed to determine IVCT absorptions (=Inter Valence Charge Transfer) for 6c(n+) (n = 1, 2) (n = 1: νmax = 7860 cm(−1), εmax = 405 L mol(−1) cm(−1), Δν1/2 = 7070 cm(−1); n = 2: νmax = 9070 cm(−1), εmax = 620 L mol(−1) cm(−1), Δν1/2 = 8010 cm(−1)) classifying these mixed-valent species as weakly coupled class II systems according to Robin and Day, while for 6a,b only LMCT transitions (=ligand to metal charge transfer) could be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Pfaff
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
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18
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Kowalski K, Karpowicz R, Mlostoń G, Miesel D, Hildebrandt A, Lang H, Czerwieniec R, Therrien B. Synthesis and (spectro)electrochemistry of mixed-valent diferrocenyl–dihydrothiopyran derivatives. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:6268-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00246j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cationic cyclic diferrocenyl–methane complexes display characteristic IVCT absorptions. These spectral features result from effective “through space” electronic communication between the metal centre in these mixed-valent dimetallic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Kowalski
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Łódź
- PL-91403 Łódź
- Poland
| | - Rafał Karpowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Łódź
- PL-91403 Łódź
- Poland
| | - Grzegorz Mlostoń
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry
- University of Łódź
- PL-91403 Łódź
- Poland
| | - Dominique Miesel
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- D-09107 Chemnitz
| | - Alexander Hildebrandt
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- D-09107 Chemnitz
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- D-09107 Chemnitz
| | - Rafał Czerwieniec
- Universität Regensburg
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- D-93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Bruno Therrien
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Neuchatel
- CH-2000 Neuchatel
- Switzerland
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19
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Pfaff U, Hildebrandt A, Korb M, Lang H. The influence of an ethynyl spacer on the electronic properties in 2,5-ferrocenyl-substituted heterocycles. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Bezuidenhout DI, van der Westhuizen B, Strydom I, Swarts PJ, Swarts JC, Fernández I. Synthesis and electrochemical investigation of chromium(0) ferrocenyl-substituted carbene complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Poppitz EA, Hildebrandt A, Korb M, Schaarschmidt D, Lang H. Synthesis, Properties, and Electron Transfer Studies of Ferrocenyl Thiophenes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201400352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Makhoul R, Kumamoto Y, Miyazaki A, Justaud F, Gendron F, Halet JF, Hamon JR, Lapinte C. Synthesis and Properties of a Mixed-Valence Compound with Single-Step Tunneling and Multiple-Step Hopping Behavior. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Fourie E, van Rensburg JMJ, Swarts JC. Synthesis, crystal structure and comparative electrochemistry of metallocenyldiphenylphosphines of ruthenocene, osmocene, ferrocene and cobaltocenium hexafluorophosphate. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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24
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Planar-chiral phosphino alkenylferrocenes – Synthesis, solid-state structure and electrochemistry. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Jakob A, Joubert CC, Rüffer T, Swarts JC, Lang H. Chemical and electrochemical oxidation studies on new copper(I) ferrocenyl-functionalised β-diketonates. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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26
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27
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Korb M, Pfaff U, Hildebrandt A, Rüffer T, Lang H. 3,4-Ferrocenyl-Functionalized Pyrroles: Synthesis, Structure, and (Spectro)Electrochemical Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201301423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Zhou R, Sedai B, Manbeck GF, Brewer KJ. New Supramolecular Structural Motif Coupling a Ruthenium(II) Polyazine Light Absorber to a Rhodium(I) Center. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:13314-24. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4006828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongwei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060-0212, United States
| | - Baburam Sedai
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060-0212, United States
| | - Gerald F. Manbeck
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060-0212, United States
| | - Karen J. Brewer
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060-0212, United States
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Hildebrandt A, Lang H. (Multi)ferrocenyl Five-Membered Heterocycles: Excellent Connecting Units for Electron Transfer Studies. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400453m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hildebrandt
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic
Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic
Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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31
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Joubert CC, van As L, Jakob A, Speck JM, Lang H, Swarts JC. Intramolecular electronic communication in ferrocene-based β-diketonato copper(II) complexes as observed by an electrochemical study. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Justaud F, Gendron F, Ogyu Y, Kumamoto Y, Miyazaki A, Ouahab L, Costuas K, Halet JF, Lapinte C. Hybrid molecular systems containing tetrathiafulvalene and iron-alkynyl electrophores: five-component functional molecules obtained from C-H bond activation. Chemistry 2013; 19:5742-57. [PMID: 23447398 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of [Cp*(dppe)Fe-C≡C-TTFMe3] (1) with Ag[PF6] (3 equiv) in DMF provides the binuclear complex [Cp*(dppe)Fe=C=C=TTFMe2 =CH-CH=TTFMe2 =C=C=Fe(dppe)Cp*][PF6]2 (2[PF6 ]2) isolated as a deep-blue powder in 69 % yield. EPR monitoring of the reaction and comparison of the experimental and calculated EPR spectra allowed the identification of the radical salt [Cp*(dppe)Fe=C=C=TTFMe2 =CH][PF6]2 ([1-CH][PF6]) an intermediate of the reaction, which results from the activation of the methyl group attached in vicinal position with respect to the alkynyl-iron on the TTF ligand by the triple oxidation of 1 leading to its deprotonation by the solvent. The dimerization of [1-CH][PF6] through carbon-carbon bond formation provides 2[PF6]2. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments show that 2[PF6]2 is subject to two sequential well-reversible one-electron reductions yielding the complexes 2[PF6] and 2. The CV also shows that further oxidation of 2[PF6]2 generates 2[PF6]n (n=3-6) at the electrode. Treatment of 2[PF6]2 with KOtBu provides 2[PF6] and 2 as stable powders. The salts 2[PF6] and 2[PF6]2 were characterized by XRD. The electronic structures of 2(n+) (n=0-2) were computed. The new complexes were also characterized by NMR, IR, Mössbauer, EPR, UV/Vis and NIR spectroscopies. The data show that the three complexes 2[PF6]n are iron(II) derivatives in the ground state. In the solid state, the dication 2(2+) is diamagnetic and has a bis(allenylidene-iron) structure with one positive charge on each iron building block. In solution, as a result of the thermal motion of the metal-carbon backbone, the triplet excited state becomes thermally accessible and equilibrium takes place between singlet and triplet states. In 2[PF6], the charge and the spin are both symmetrically distributed on the carbon bridge and only moderately on the iron and TTFMe2 electroactive centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Justaud
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Universté de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
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Erasmus E, Swarts JC. Intramolecular communication and electrochemical observation of the 17-electron ruthenocenium cation in fluorinated ruthenocene-containing β-diketones; polymorphism of C10H21 and C10F21 derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00354j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hildebrandt A, Lehrich SW, Schaarschmidt D, Jaeschke R, Schreiter K, Spange S, Lang H. Ferrocenyl Maleimides - Synthesis, (Spectro-)Electrochemistry, and Solvatochromism. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201101191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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35
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Gericke HJ, Muller AJ, Swarts JC. Electrochemical illumination of intramolecular communication in ferrocene-containing tris-β-diketonato aluminum(III) complexes; cytotoxicity of Al(FcCOCHCOCF3)3. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:1552-61. [PMID: 22272584 DOI: 10.1021/ic201849u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The series of ferrocene-containing tris-β-diketonato aluminum(III) complexes [Al(FcCOCHCOR)(3)] (R = CF(3), 1; CH(3), 2; C(6)H(5), 3; and Fc = ferrocenyl = Fe(η(5)-C(5)H(5))(η(5)-C(5)H(4)), 4) were synthesized and investigated structurally and electrochemically; complex 1 was subjected to cytotoxicity tests. (1)H NMR-spectroscopy distinguished between the mer and fac isomers of 2 and 3. Complex 1 existed only as the mer isomer. A single crystal X-ray crystallographic determination of the structure of a mer-isomer of Al(FcCOCHCOCF(3))(3), 1, (Z = 4, space group P2(1)2(1)2(1)) demonstrated extensive delocalization of all bonds which explained the pronounced electrochemically observed intramolecular communication between molecular fragments. In contrast to electrochemical studies in CH(2)Cl(2)/[N((n)Bu)(4)][PF(6)], the use of the supporting electrolyte [N((n)Bu)(4)][B(C(6)F(5))(4)] allowed identification of all Fc/Fc(+) electrochemical couples by cyclic and square wave voltammetry for 1-4. For R = Fc, formal reduction potentials of the six ferrocenyl groups were found to be E°' = 33, 123, 304, 432, 583, and 741 mV versus free ferrocene respectively. Complex 1 (IC(50) = 10.6 μmol dm(-3)) was less cytotoxic than the free FcCOCH(2)COCF(3) ligand having IC(50) = 6.8 μmol dm(-3) and approximately 2 orders of magnitude less toxic to human HeLa neoplastic cells than cisplatin (IC(50) = 0.19 μmol dm(-3)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Henno J Gericke
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, Republic of South Africa
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36
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Huang KL, Bellec N, Guerro M, Camerel F, Roisnel T, Lorcy D. meso-Dithiole and tetrathiafulvalene dipyrromethanes a route to metal dithiole–dipyrrin complexes and to fluorescent tetrathiafulvalene–BODIPY. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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37
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Hildebrandt A, Schaarschmidt D, Claus R, Lang H. Influence of Electron Delocalization in Heterocyclic Core Systems on the Electrochemical Communication in 2,5-Di- and 2,3,4,5-Tetraferrocenyl Thiophenes, Furans, and Pyrroles. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:10623-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ic200926z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hildebrandt
- Department of Chemistry, Chair Inorganic Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Strasse der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Dieter Schaarschmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Chair Inorganic Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Strasse der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Ron Claus
- Department of Chemistry, Chair Inorganic Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Strasse der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Chair Inorganic Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Strasse der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
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Conradie J, Swarts JC. Relationship between electrochemical potentials and substitution reaction rates of ferrocene-containing β-diketonato rhodium(I) complexes; cytotoxicity of [Rh(FcCOCHCOPh)(cod)]. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:5844-51. [PMID: 21423964 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt00013f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of ferrocene-containing rhodium complexes of the type [Rh(FcCOCHCOR)(cod)] (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) with R = CF(3), 1, (E(pa)(Rh) = 269; E(o)'(Fc) = 329 mV vs. Fc/Fc(+)), CCl(3), 2, (E(pa) = 256; E(o)' = 312 mV), CH(3), 3, (E(pa) = 177; E(o)' = 232 mV), Ph = C(6)H(5), 4, (E(pa) = 184; E(o)' = 237 mV), and Fc = ferrocenyl = (C(5)H(5))Fe(C(5)H(4)), 5, (E(pa) = 135; E(o)'(Fc1) = 203; E(o)'(Fc2) = 312 mV), have been studied electrochemically in CH(3)CN. Results indicated that the rhodium(I) centre is irreversibly oxidised to Rh(III) in a two-electron transfer process before the ferrocenyl fragment is reversibly oxidized in a one-electron transfer process. The peak anodic (oxidation) potential, E(pa), (in V vs. Fc/Fc(+)) of the rhodium core in 1-5 relates to k(2), the second-order rate constant for the substitution of (FcCOCHCOR)(-) with 1,10-phenanthroline in [Rh(FcCOCHCOR)(cod)] to form [Rh(phen)(cod)](+) in methanol at 25 °C with the equation lnk(2) = 39.5 E(pa)(Rh) - 3.69, while the formal oxidation potential of the ferrocenyl groups in 1-5 relates to k(2) by lnk(2) = 40.8 E(o)'(Fc)-6.34. Complex 4 (IC(50) = 28.2 μmol dm(-3)) was twice as cytotoxic as the free FcCOCH(2)COPh ligand having IC(50) = 54.2 μmol dm(-3), but approximately one order of magnitude less toxic to human HeLa neoplastic cells than cisplatin (IC(50) = 2.3 μmol dm(-3)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, Republic of South Africa
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Wang Y, Li B, Huang G, Zhang JP, Zhang Y. An asymmetric TTF derivative bearing a phenyl β-diketone group as an efficient ligand towards functional materials. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20167k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Miyazaki A, Ogyu Y, Justaud F, Ouahab L, Cauchy T, Halet JF, Lapinte C. Synthesis, Molecular Structure, Properties, and Electronic Structures of [Cp*(dppe)FeC≡C-TTFMe3][PF6]n (n = 0, 1): Electronic Coupling between the Inorganic and Organic Electrophores. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100763x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Miyazaki
- Department of Environmental Applied Chemistry, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ogyu
- Department of Environmental Applied Chemistry, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Frédéric Justaud
- UMR CNRS 6226 Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Lahcène Ouahab
- UMR CNRS 6226 Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Thomas Cauchy
- UMR CNRS 6226 Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes, France
- Institut des Sciences et Technologies Moléculaires d'Angers (Moltech Anjou), UMR 6200 CNRS-Université d'Angers, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, F-49045 Angers, France
| | - Jean-François Halet
- UMR CNRS 6226 Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Claude Lapinte
- UMR CNRS 6226 Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes, France
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Gericke HJ, Barnard NI, Erasmus E, Swarts JC, Cook MJ, Aquino MA. Solvent and electrolyte effects in enhancing the identification of intramolecular electronic communication in a multi redox-active diruthenium tetraferrocenoate complex, a triple-sandwiched dicadmium phthalocyanine and a ruthenocene-containing β-diketone. Inorganica Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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