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Vitali V, Massai L, Messori L. Strategies for the design of analogs of auranofin endowed with anticancer potential. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:855-867. [PMID: 38803122 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2355329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Auranofin (AF) is a well-established, FDA-approved, antiarthritic gold drug that is currently being reevaluated for a variety of therapeutic indications through drug repurposing. AF has shown great promise as a potential anticancer agent and has been approved for a few clinical trials in cancer. The renewed interest in AF has led to extensive research into the design, preparation and biological evaluation of auranofin analogs, which may have an even better pharmacological profile than the parent drug. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the strategies for chemical modification of the AF scaffold. Several auranofin analogs have been prepared and characterized for medical application in the field of cancer treatment over the last 20 years. Some emerging structure-function relationships are proposed and discussed. EXPERT OPINION The chemical modification of the AF scaffold has been the subject of intense activity in recent years and this strategy has led to the preparation and evaluation of several AF analogs. The case of iodauranofin is a particularly promising example. The availability of homogeneous biological data for a group of AF derivatives allows some initial structure-function relationships to be proposed, which may inspire the design and synthesis of new and better AF analogs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Vitali
- Laboratory of Metals in Medicine (MetMed), Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lara Massai
- Laboratory of Metals in Medicine (MetMed), Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Luigi Messori
- Laboratory of Metals in Medicine (MetMed), Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Chemical Modification of Auranofin Yields a New Family of Anticancer Drug Candidates: The Gold(I) Phosphite Analogues. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031050. [PMID: 36770719 PMCID: PMC9920260 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A panel of four novel gold(I) complexes, inspired by the clinically established gold drug auranofin (1-Thio-β-D-glucopyranosatotriethylphosphine gold-2,3,4,6-tetraacetate), was prepared and characterized. All these compounds feature the replacement of the triethylphosphine ligand of the parent compound auranofin with a trimethylphosphite ligand. The linear coordination around the gold(I) center is completed by Cl-, Br-, I- or by the thioglucose tetraacetate ligand (SAtg). The in-solution behavior of these gold compounds as well as their interactions with some representative model proteins were comparatively analyzed through 31PNMR and ESI-MS measurements. Notably, all panel compounds turned out to be stable in aqueous media, but significant differences with respect to auranofin were disclosed in their interactions with a few leading proteins. In addition, the cytotoxic effects produced by the panel compounds toward A2780, A2780R and SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells were quantitated and found to be in the low micromolar range, since the IC50 of all compounds was found to be between 1 μM and 10 μM. Notably, these novel gold complexes showed large and similar inhibition capabilities towards the key enzyme thioredoxin reductase, again comparable to those of auranofin. The implications of these results for the discovery of new and effective gold-based anticancer agents are discussed.
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Selenol (-SeH) as a target for mercury and gold in biological systems: Contributions of mass spectrometry and atomic spectroscopy. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Fernandez-Vega L, Ruiz Silva VA, Domínguez-González TM, Claudio-Betancourt S, Toro-Maldonado RE, Capre Maso LC, Ortiz KS, Pérez-Verdejo JA, González JR, Rosado-Fraticelli GT, Meléndez FP, Betancourt Santiago FM, Rivera-Rivera DA, Navarro CM, Bruno Chardón AC, Vera AO, Tinoco AD. Evaluating Ligand Modifications of the Titanocene and Auranofin Moieties for the Development of More Potent Anticancer Drugs. INORGANICS 2020; 8. [PMID: 34046448 PMCID: PMC8152503 DOI: 10.3390/inorganics8020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over time platinum-based anticancer drugs have dominated the market, but their side effects significantly impact the quality of life of patients. Alternative treatments are being developed all over the world. The titanocene and auranofin families of compounds, discovered through an empirical search for other metal-based therapeutics, hold tremendous promise to improve the outcomes of cancer treatment. Herein we present a historical perspective of these compounds and review current efforts focused on the evolution of their ligands to improve their physiological solution stability, cancer selectivity, and antiproliferative performance, guided by a clear understanding of the coordination chemistry and aqueous speciation of the metal ions, of the cytotoxic mechanism of action of the compounds, and the external factors that limit their therapeutic potential. Newer members of these families of compounds and their combination in novel bimetallic complexes are the result of years of scientific research. We believe that this review can have a positive impact in the development and understanding of the metal-based drugs of gold, titanium, and beyond.
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Kazimi SGT, Iqbal MS, Mulligan CC, Frank Shaw C, Iram F, Stelmack AR, Campbell IS. Ligand Exchange/Scrambling Study of Gold(I)-Phosphine Complexes in the Solid Phase by DESI-MS Analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:2289-2296. [PMID: 31502222 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02319-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Only a few analytical techniques are available for the characterization of mechanochemical synthetic reaction products. We demonstrate here that DESI-MS is a powerful technique for this purpose, combining the selectivity of MS-based assays with the simplicity and in situ analysis capability of ambient ionization methods. In this work, we report that auranofin, a gold-based drug, and its precursor triethylphosphine gold(I) chloride undergo a complex array of ligand exchange/scrambling reactions with thiol-containing amino acids in the solid state. The products were readily characterized by DESI-MS analysis from the solid-phase reaction, clearly exhibiting ligand exchange and scrambling, with independent confirmation by solid state 13C-NMR. The thioglucose and triethylphosphine moieties exchanged with cysteine and its derivatives, whereas the glutathione replaced 2,3,4,6-tetra-o-acetyl-β-1-D-glucopyranose only. It was concluded that ligand exchange and scrambling reactions can be carried out in the solid state, and some of the unique products reported in this study can be conveniently prepared through mechanochemical synthesis in good yields (> 98%), as demonstrated by synthesis of (L-cysteinato-S)-triethylphosphine gold(I) from triethylphosphine gold(I) chloride and L-cysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed G T Kazimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad S Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan.
| | | | - C Frank Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, 61790-4160, USA
| | - Fozia Iram
- Department of Chemistry, LCW University, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Ashley R Stelmack
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, 61790-4160, USA
| | - Ian S Campbell
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, 33965-6565, USA
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Gambini V, Tilio M, Maina EW, Andreani C, Bartolacci C, Wang J, Iezzi M, Ferraro S, Ramadori AT, Simon OC, Pucciarelli S, Wu G, Dou QP, Marchini C, Galassi R, Amici A. In vitro and in vivo studies of gold(I) azolate/phosphane complexes for the treatment of basal like breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 155:418-427. [PMID: 29906688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Basal like breast cancer (BLBC) is a very aggressive subtype of breast cancer giving few chances of survival, against which cisplatin based therapy is a compromise among the anticancer activity, the resistance development and the severe side effects. With the aim of finding new anticancer agents alternative to cisplatin, seven gold(I) azolate/phosphane compounds were evaluated in vitro by MTT tests in human MDA-MB-231, human mammary epithelial HMLE cells overexpressing FoxQ1, and murine A17 cells as models of BLBC. Two compounds, (4,5-dichloro-1H-imidazolate-1-yl)-(triphenylphosphane)-gold(I) 1 and (4,5-dicyano-1H-imidazolate-1-yl)-(triphenylphosphane)-gold(I) 2 were found very active and chosen for an in vivo study in A17 tumors transplanted in syngeneic mice. The compounds resulted to be more active than cisplatin, less nephrotoxic and generally more tolerated by the mice. This study also provides evidence that both gold(I) complexes inhibited the 19 S proteasome-associated deubiquitinase USP14 and induced apoptosis, while compound 1's mechanism of action depends also on its ability to down-regulate key molecules governing cancer growth and progression, such as STAT3 and Cox-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gambini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, 62032, Italy
| | - Martina Tilio
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, 62032, Italy
| | - Eunice Wairimu Maina
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, 62032, Italy
| | - Cristina Andreani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, 62032, Italy
| | - Caterina Bartolacci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, 62032, Italy
| | - Junbiao Wang
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, 62032, Italy
| | - Manuela Iezzi
- Aging Research Centre, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Stefano Ferraro
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Camerino, I-62032, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Ramadori
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Camerino, I-62032, Italy
| | - Oumarou Camille Simon
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Camerino, I-62032, Italy
| | - Stefania Pucciarelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, 62032, Italy
| | - Guojun Wu
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Q Ping Dou
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Cristina Marchini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, 62032, Italy.
| | - Rossana Galassi
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Camerino, I-62032, Italy.
| | - Augusto Amici
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, 62032, Italy
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Application of Heteronuclear NMR Spectroscopy to Bioinorganic and Medicinal Chemistry ☆. REFERENCE MODULE IN CHEMISTRY, MOLECULAR SCIENCES AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [PMCID: PMC7157447 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-409547-2.10947-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Marzo T, Cirri D, Gabbiani C, Gamberi T, Magherini F, Pratesi A, Guerri A, Biver T, Binacchi F, Stefanini M, Arcangeli A, Messori L. Auranofin, Et 3PAuCl, and Et 3PAuI Are Highly Cytotoxic on Colorectal Cancer Cells: A Chemical and Biological Study. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:997-1001. [PMID: 29057040 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The solution behavior of auranofin, Et3PAuCl and Et3PAuI, as well as their interactions with hen egg white lysozyme, single strand oligonucleotide, and ds-DNA were comparatively analyzed through NMR spectroscopy, ESI-MS, ethidium bromide displacement, DNA melting and viscometric tests. The cytotoxic effects toward representative colorectal cancer cell lines were found to be strong and similar in the three cases and a good correlation could be established between the cytotoxicity and the ability to inhibit thioredoxin reductase; remarkably, in vivo acute toxicity experiments for Et3PAuI confirmed that, similarly to auranofin, this drug is well tolerated in a murine model. Overall, a very similar profile emerges for Et3PAuI and Et3PAuCl, which retain the potent cytotoxic effects of auranofin while showing some peculiar features. These results demonstrate that the presence of the thiosugar moiety is not mandatory for the pharmacological action, suggesting that the tuning of some relevant chemical properties such as lipophilicity could be exploited to improve bioavailability, with no loss of the pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Marzo
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI), University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi, 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Laboratory
of Metals in Medicine (MetMed), Department of Chemistry “U.
Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Damiano Cirri
- Laboratory
of Metals in Medicine (MetMed), Department of Chemistry “U.
Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Chiara Gabbiani
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI), University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi, 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tania Gamberi
- Department
of Biochemical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesca Magherini
- Department
of Biochemical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pratesi
- Laboratory
of Metals in Medicine (MetMed), Department of Chemistry “U.
Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guerri
- Laboratory
of Metals in Medicine (MetMed), Department of Chemistry “U.
Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Tarita Biver
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI), University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi, 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Binacchi
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI), University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi, 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Stefanini
- DI.V.A.L Toscana S.R.L., Via Madonna
del Piano, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Annarosa Arcangeli
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale GB
Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Luigi Messori
- Laboratory
of Metals in Medicine (MetMed), Department of Chemistry “U.
Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Abbehausen C, Manzano C, Corbi P, Farrell N. Effects of coordination mode of 2-mercaptothiazoline on reactivity of Au(I) compounds with thiols and sulfur-containing proteins. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 165:136-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Bhabak KP, Bhowmick D. Synthetic strategies of gold(I)-selenolates from ortho-substituted diaryl diselenides via selenol and selenenyl sulfide intermediates. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Gutiérrez A, Cativiela C, Laguna A, Gimeno MC. Bioactive gold(i) complexes with 4-mercaptoproline derivatives. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:13483-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02000c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented gold(i) bioconjugates bearing non-proteinogenic amino acid 4-mercaptoproline species as bioorganic ligands have been prepared. The complexes displayed excellent cytotoxic activity with IC50 values in the low μM range and even in the nM range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- E-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Carlos Cativiela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- E-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Antonio Laguna
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- E-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- E-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
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Gutiérrez A, Marzo I, Cativiela C, Laguna A, Gimeno MC. Highly Cytotoxic Bioconjugated Gold(I) Complexes with Cysteine-Containing Dipeptides. Chemistry 2015; 21:11088-95. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Saccoccia F, Angelucci F, Boumis G, Carotti D, Desiato G, Miele AE, Bellelli A. Thioredoxin reductase and its inhibitors. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2015; 15:621-46. [PMID: 24875642 PMCID: PMC4275836 DOI: 10.2174/1389203715666140530091910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin plays a crucial role in a wide number of physiological processes, which span from reduction of nucleotides to deoxyriboucleotides to the detoxification from xenobiotics, oxidants and radicals. The redox function of Thioredoxin is critically dependent on the enzyme Thioredoxin NADPH Reductase (TrxR). In view of its indirect involvement in the above mentioned physio/pathological processes, inhibition of TrxR is an important clinical goal. As a general rule, the affinities and mechanisms of binding of TrxR inhibitors to the target enzyme are known with scarce precision and conflicting results abound in the literature. A relevant analysis of published results as well as the experimental procedures is therefore needed, also in view of the critical interest of TrxR inhibitors. We review the inhibitors of TrxR and related flavoreductases and the classical treatment of reversible, competitive, non competitive and uncompetitive inhibition with respect to TrxR, and in some cases we are able to reconcile contradictory results generated by oversimplified data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Bellelli
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Istituto di Biologia e Medicina Molecolare del CNR, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Disulfide Competition for Phosphine Gold(I) Thiolates: Phosphine Oxide Formation vs. Thiolate Disulfide Exchange. INORGANICS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics3010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Gutiérrez A, Gracia-Fleta L, Marzo I, Cativiela C, Laguna A, Gimeno MC. Gold(i) thiolates containing amino acid moieties. Cytotoxicity and structure–activity relationship studies. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:17054-66. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02299h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Barreiro E, Casas JS, Couce MD, Sánchez A, Sánchez-Gonzalez A, Sordo J, Vázquez-López EM. Mono and dinuclear phosphinegold(I) sulfanylcarboxylates: Influence of nuclearity and substitution of PPh 3 for PEt 3 on cytotoxicity. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 138:89-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Hokai Y, Jurkowicz B, Fernández-Gallardo J, Zakirkhodjaev N, Sanaú M, Muth TR, Contel M. Auranofin and related heterometallic gold(I)-thiolates as potent inhibitors of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 138:81-88. [PMID: 24935090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of new heterometallic gold(I) thiolates containing ferrocenyl-phoshines were synthesized. Their antimicrobial properties were studied and compared to that of FDA-approved drug, auranofin (Ridaura), prescribed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. MIC in the order of one digit micromolar were found for most of the compounds against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and CA MRSA strains US300 and US400. Remarkably, auranofin inhibited S. aureus, US300 and US400 in the order of 150-300 nM. This is the first time that the potent inhibitory effect of auranofin on MRSA strains has been described. The effects of a selected heterometallic compound and auranofin were also studied in a non-tumorigenic human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK-293).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yozane Hokai
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA; Department of Biology, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Boruch Jurkowicz
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Jacob Fernández-Gallardo
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Nuruddinkodja Zakirkhodjaev
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Mercedes Sanaú
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Theodore R Muth
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - María Contel
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
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Hummer AA, Rompel A. The use of X-ray absorption and synchrotron based micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to investigate anti-cancer metal compounds in vivo and in vitro. Metallomics 2013; 5:597-614. [PMID: 23558305 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt20261e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and micro-synchrotron based X-ray fluorescence (micro-SXRF) are element specific spectroscopic techniques and have been proven to be valuable tools for the investigation of changes in the chemical environment of metal centres. XAS allows the determination of the oxidation state, the coordination motif of the probed element, the identity and the number of adjacent atoms and the absorber-ligand distances. It is further applicable to nearly all types of samples independent of their actual physical state (solid, liquid, gaseous) down to μM concentrations. Micro-SXRF can provide information on the distribution and concentration of multiple elements within a sample simultaneously, allowing for the chemical state of several elements within subcellular compartments to be probed. Modern third generation synchrotrons offer the possibility to investigate the majority of the biologically relevant elements. The biological mode of action of metal-based compounds often involves interactions with target and/or transport molecules. The presence of reducing agents may also give rise to changes in the coordination sphere and/or the oxidation state. XAS and micro-SXRF are ideal techniques for investigating these issues. This tutorial review introduces the use of XAS and micro-SXRF techniques into the field of inorganic medicinal chemistry. The results obtained for platinum, ruthenium, gallium, gold and cobalt compounds within the last few years are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred A Hummer
- Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Universität Wien, Althanstr. 14, 1090 Wien, Austria
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Hummer AA, Rompel A. X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2013; 93:257-305. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416596-0.00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Newcombe S, Bobin M, Shrikhande A, Gallop C, Pace Y, Yong H, Gates R, Chaudhuri S, Roe M, Hoffmann E, Viseux EME. Gold amides as anticancer drugs: synthesis and activity studies. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:3255-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27460h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Saccoccia F, Angelucci F, Boumis G, Brunori M, Miele AE, Williams DL, Bellelli A. On the mechanism and rate of gold incorporation into thiol-dependent flavoreductases. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 108:105-11. [PMID: 22166353 PMCID: PMC3396563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
NADPH-dependent flavoreductases are important drug targets. During their enzymatic cycle thiolates and selenolates that have high affinity for transition metals are generated. Auranofin (AF), a gold-containing compound, is classified by the World Health Organization as an antirheumatic agent and it is indicated as the scaffold for the development of new anticancer and antiparasitic drugs. AF inhibits selenocysteine-containing flavoreductases (thioredoxin reductase and thioredoxin glutathione reductase) more effectively than non Se-containing ones (glutathione reductase); this preference has been ascribed to the high affinity of selenium for gold. We solved the 3D structure of the Se-containing Thioredoxin Glutathione Reductase from the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni complexed with Au and our results challenge this view: we believe that the relative velocity of the reaction rather than the relative affinity, depends on the presence of Sec residues, which appear to dictate AF selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Saccoccia
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli,” “Sapienza” University of Rome and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P. Le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelucci
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli,” “Sapienza” University of Rome and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P. Le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dept. of Basic and Applied Biology, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio snc. loc. Coppito, I-67010 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanna Boumis
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli,” “Sapienza” University of Rome and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P. Le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Brunori
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli,” “Sapienza” University of Rome and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P. Le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana E. Miele
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli,” “Sapienza” University of Rome and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P. Le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - David L. Williams
- Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrea Bellelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli,” “Sapienza” University of Rome and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P. Le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Singh S, Chaturvedi J, Bhattacharya S. Studies of synthesis, structural features of Cu(i) thiophene-2-thiocarboxylates and unprecedented desulfurization of Cu(ii) thiocarboxylate complexes. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:424-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10629e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Messori L, Balerna A, Ascone I, Castellano C, Gabbiani C, Casini A, Marchioni C, Jaouen G, Congiu Castellano A. X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies of the adducts formed between cytotoxic gold compounds and two major serum proteins. J Biol Inorg Chem 2010; 16:491-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-010-0748-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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