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Holmes ST, Schurko RW. A DFT/ZORA Study of Cadmium Magnetic Shielding Tensors: Analysis of Relativistic Effects and Electronic-State Approximations. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:1785-1797. [PMID: 30721042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical considerations are discussed for the accurate prediction of cadmium magnetic shielding tensors using relativistic density functional theory (DFT). Comparison is made between calculations that model the extended lattice of the cadmium-containing solids using periodic boundary conditions and pseudopotentials with calculations that use clusters of atoms. The all-electron cluster-based calculations afford an opportunity to examine the importance of (i) relativistic effects on cadmium magnetic shielding tensors, as introduced through the ZORA Hamiltonian at either the scalar (SC) or spin-orbit (SO) levels and (ii) variation in the class of the DFT approximation. Twenty-three combinations of pseudopotentials or all-electron methods, DFT functionals, and relativistic treatments are assessed for the prediction of the principal components of the magnetic shielding tensors of 30 cadmium sites. We find that the inclusion of SO coupling can increase the cadmium magnetic shielding by as much as ca. 1100 ppm for a certain principal values; these effects are most pronounced for cadmium sites featuring bonds to other heavy atoms such as cadmium, iodine, or selenium. The best agreement with experimental values is found at the ZORA SO level in combination with a hybrid DFT method featuring a large admixture of Hartree-Fock exchange such as BH&HLYP. Finally, a theoretical examination is presented of the magnetic shielding tensor of the Cd(I) site in Cd2(AlCl4)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Holmes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , ON , Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Robert W Schurko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , ON , Canada N9B 3P4
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Jalilehvand F, Amini Z, Parmar K. Cadmium(II) complex formation with selenourea and thiourea in solution: an XAS and 113Cd NMR study. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:10619-30. [PMID: 23016594 PMCID: PMC3498765 DOI: 10.1021/ic300852t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The complexes formed in methanol solutions of Cd(CF(3)SO(3))(2) with selenourea (SeU) or thiourea (TU), for thiourea also in aqueous solution, were studied by combining (113)Cd NMR and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. At low temperature (~200 K), distinct (113)Cd NMR signals were observed, corresponding to CdL(n)(2+) species (n = 0-4, L = TU or SeU) in slow ligand exchange. Peak integrals were used to obtain the speciation in the methanol solutions, allowing stability constants to be estimated. For cadmium(II) complexes with thione (C═S) or selone (C═Se) groups coordinated in Cd(S/Se)O(5) or Cd(S/Se)(2)O(4) (O from MeOH or CF(3)SO(3)(-)) environments, the (113)Cd chemical shifts were quite similar, within 93-97 ppm and 189-193 ppm, respectively. However, the difference in the chemical shift for the Cd(SeU)(4)(2+) (578 pm) and Cd(TU)(4)(2+) (526 ppm) species, with CdSe(4) and CdS(4) coordination, respectively, shows less chemical shielding for the coordinated Se atoms than for S, in contrast to the common trend with increasing shielding in the following order: O > N > Se > S. In solutions dominated by mono- and tetra-thiourea/selenourea complexes, their coordination and bond distances could be evaluated by Cd K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. At ~200 K and high excess of thiourea, a minor amount (up to ~30%) of [Cd(TU)(5-6)](2+) species was detected by an upfield shift of the (113)Cd NMR signal (up to 423 ppm) and an amplitude reduction of the EXAFS oscillation. The amount was estimated by fitting linear combinations of simulated EXAFS spectra for [Cd(TU)(4)](2+) and [Cd(TU)(6)](2+) complexes. At room temperature, [Cd(TU)(4)](2+) was the highest complex formed, also in aqueous solution. Cd L(3)-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra of cadmium(II) thiourea solutions in methanol were used to follow changes in the CdS(x)O(y) coordination. The correlations found from the current and previous studies between (113)Cd NMR chemical shifts and different Cd(II) coordination environments are generally useful for evaluating cadmium coordination to thione-containing or Se-donor ligands in biochemical systems or for monitoring speciation in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Jalilehvand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4.
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Pöllnitz A, Silvestru C, Carpentier JF, Silvestru A. Diorganodiselenides and zinc(ii) organoselenolates containing (imino)aryl groups of type 2-(RNCH)C6H4. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:5060-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30098b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Emge TJ, Romanelli MD, Moore BF, Brennan JG. Zinc, cadmium, and mercury complexes with fluorinated selenolate ligands. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:7304-12. [PMID: 20690740 DOI: 10.1021/ic1002989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reductive cleavage of C(6)F(5)SeSeC(6)F(5) with elemental M (M = Zn, Cd, and Hg) in pyridine results in the formation of (py)(2)Zn(SeC(6)F(5))(2), (py)(2)Cd(SeC(6)F(5))(2), and Hg(SeC(6)F(5))(2). Structural characterization of the Zn and Cd compounds reveals tetrahedral coordination environments, while the Hg compound shows a complicated series of linear structures with two short, nearly linear Hg-Se bonds, up to two longer and perpendicular Hg...Se interactions, and no coordinated pyridine ligands. All three compounds exhibit well-defined intermolecular pi-pi-stacking interactions in the solid state. They are volatile and decompose at elevated temperatures to give MSe and either (SeC(6)F(5))(2) or Se(C(6)F(5))(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Emge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087, USA.
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Lang ES, Back DF, Manzoni de Oliveira G. On the search of size- and shape-controlled metal chalcogenide cluster compounds. J Organomet Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lang ES, Burrow RA, Stieler R, Villetti MA. Cadmium bis(phenylselenolate) as a precursor for the synthesis of polymeric Cd(μ-Se)clusters: Crystal and molecular structures of [Cd4(SePh)7(PPh3)X]n (X=Cl, Br). J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li X, Rinkevicius Z, Tu Y, Tian H, Ågren H. Nuclear Magnetic Shielding of the 113Cd(II) Ion in Aqua Solution: A Combined Molecular Dynamics/Density Functional Theory Study. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:11347-52. [DOI: 10.1021/jp802238f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China, and Department of Natural Science, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Zilvinas Rinkevicius
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China, and Department of Natural Science, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Yaoquan Tu
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China, and Department of Natural Science, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - He Tian
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China, and Department of Natural Science, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China, and Department of Natural Science, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
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Back DF, de Oliveira GNM, Burrow RA, Castellano EE, Abram U, Lang ES. Mercury Bis(phenyltellurolate) as a Precursor for the Synthesis of Binary and Ternary Nanoclusters. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:2356-8. [PMID: 17326631 DOI: 10.1021/ic070006q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of Hg(TePh)2 with AgX (X = Cl, NO3) in the presence of PPh3 and PMePh2 in dimethylformamide (DMF) affords the cluster [Hg6Ag4(TePh)16] (1) at room temperature or [Hg6Ag4Te(TePh)14]2 (2) with heating. When Hg(TePh)2 is reacted with [Co(PPh3)2Cl2] or [Ni(PPh3)2Cl2], the clusters [Hg8Te(PhTe)12Cl4]Q [3; Q = [Co(DMF)6]2+ (3a), [Ni(DMF)6]2+ (3b)] are formed. The syntheses of 1 and 2 occur with the incorporation of AgI into the cluster, and the single-crystal analyses show that the two ternary clusters consist of Hg, Ag, and Te centers occupying well-defined positions. Compounds 3a and 3b do not show the incorporation of the metal into the cluster, but the CoII and NiII salts provide the Cl atom to generate the anionic cluster 3 stabilized by the [Co(DMF)6]2+ or [Ni(DMF)6]2+ ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi F Back
- Laboratório de Materiais Inorgânicos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97119-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Isab AA, Wazeer * MIM. Complexation of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) with thiourea and selenourea: A 1H, 13C, 15N, 77Se and 113Cd solution and solid-state NMR study. J COORD CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00958970500038951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anvarhusein A. Isab
- a Department of Chemistry , King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals , Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed I. M. Wazeer *
- a Department of Chemistry , King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals , Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Wazeer MIM, Isab AA. Solution and solid-state NMR studies of some cadmium-selenone complexes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2005; 62:880-5. [PMID: 15950525 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2005.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2005] [Revised: 03/31/2005] [Accepted: 03/31/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium(II) complexes of Imidazolidine-2-selenone (ImSe) and its derivatives have been prepared with the general formula Cd(RImSe)2Cl2 (where R=Me, Et, Pr, etc.). These complexes are characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR (1H, 13C, 77Se and 113Cd) spectroscopy. An upfield shift in C=Se resonance of selenones in 13C NMR and in 77Se and high-frequency shifts in N-H resonances in 1H are consistent with the selenium coordination to Cd(II). The 77Se nucleus in Cd(ImSe)2Cl2 is shielded by 38 ppm on coordination, relative to the free ligand. The principal components of the 77Se, 113Cd and 13C shielding tensors for the complexes were determined from solid-state NMR data. Large selenium chemical shift anisotropies were observed for these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I M Wazeer
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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Kye YS, Zhao X, Harbison GS. Orientation of single crystals using linear approximations to NMR transits. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2005; 174:54-59. [PMID: 15809172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2005.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2004] [Revised: 01/17/2005] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have derived analytical expressions for determining the orientation of high-symmetry single crystals from line-crossings in a single rotation plot. We demonstrate the utility of the method using the strontium-87 resonance in strontium nitrate. Employing our new method, which we call orientation of single crystals using linear approximations to NMR transits (OSCULANT), in combination with fourth-order perturbation theory, we obtain a highly accurate value for the quadrupole coupling constant, and an estimate for the chemical shielding anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sik Kye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
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Ng MT, Dean PAW, Vittal JJ. Synthesis, structure and solution NMR properties of (Ph4P)[M(SeC[O]Tol)3], M = Zn, Cd and Hg. Dalton Trans 2004:2890-4. [PMID: 15349162 DOI: 10.1039/b409621e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal selenocarboxylate salts (PPh4)[M(SeC[O]Tol)3] (M = Zn (1), Cd (2) and Hg (3); Tol = C6H4-p-CH3) have been synthesized by reacting Zn(NO3)2 .6H2O, Cd(NO3)2 .4H2O or HgCl2 with (Na+)TolC[O]Se- and PPh4Cl in the ratio of 1 : 4 : 1. The structures of these compounds were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The crystal structures contain discrete cations and anions. In the each anion, the metal center is bound to three TolC[O]Se ligands, primarily through Se, though some long M...O interactions also occur. NMR spectra (113Cd, 199Hg and 77Se, as appropriate) are reported for solutions of [M(SeC[O]Tol)3]-, and of [M(SeC[O]Tol)3](-) - [M(SC[O]Ph)3]- mixtures (M = Zn-Hg), in CH2Cl2 at reduced temperatures. In addition, ESI-MS data have been obtained for [M(SeC[O]Tol)(3)](-) - [M(SC[O]Ph)3]- mixtures (M = Zn-Hg) in acetone and in CH2Cl2. The NMR and ESI-MS studies show that the complexes [M(SeC[O]Tol)n(SC[O]Ph)(3-n)]- (n= 3-0) persist in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Tack Ng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore
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