1
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Aman M, Dostál L, Růžička A, Růžičková Z, Jambor R. B-substituted group 1 phosphides: synthesis and reactivity. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16870-16885. [PMID: 37916487 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02568c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
1-Boryl-8-phosphinonaphthalenes 1-BCy2-8-PCl2-C10H6 (1) and 1-BCy2-8-PPhCl-C10H6 (2) were prepared and used as starting materials for the synthesis of B-substituted phosphides. The reduction of 1 and 2 by Mg provided neutral compounds [1-BCy-8-PCy-C10H6]2 (3) and [1-BCy2-8-PPh-C10H6]2 (4). Compound 3 represents the dimer of phosphinoborane 1-BCy-8-PCy-C10H6 while complex 4 is a rare example of a discrete B ← P coordinated diphosphine. The reduction of 2 by Na or K in THF yielded B-substituted group 1 phosphides [Na(THF)3]+[1-BCy2-8-PPh-C10H6]- (5) and {[K(THF)2]+[1-BCy2-8-PPh-C10H6]-}∞ (6), which structurally resembled bulky group 1 phosphides. Complex 5 showed easy activation of elemental chalcogens E (E = O, S, Se) to give B-substituted chalcogenophosphinites {[Na(THF)2]+[1-BCy2-8-P(E)Ph-C10H6]}2 (E = O (7), S (8), Se (9)) as the products of chalcogen insertion into the P-Na bond. Importantly no oxidation to dichalcogenophosphinates was observed. Compound 5 is tolerant of the CO polar bonds in organic substrates and the reactions of 5 with 2,3-butanedione or an acyl chloride provided {[Na(THF)2]+[1-BCy2-8-P{CHC(O)C(Me)O}Ph-C10H6]-}2 (10) and [1-BCy2-8-P{C(O)tBu}Ph-C10H6] (11). Finally, B-coordinated phosphatetrylenes [1-BCy2-8-P(SnL)Ph-C10H6] (12) and [1-BCy2-8-P(PbL)Ph-C10H6] (13) (L is {2,6-(Me2NCH2)C6H3}-) were also prepared by substitution reactions of 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Aman
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdenka Růžičková
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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2
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Mei Y, Yan Z, Liu LL. Facile Synthesis of the Dicyanophosphide Anion via Electrochemical Activation of White Phosphorus: An Avenue to Organophosphorus Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1517-1522. [PMID: 35041429 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) have gained tremendous interest in the past decades due to their wide applications ranging from synthetic chemistry to materials and biological sciences. We describe herein a practical and versatile approach for the transformation of white phosphorus (P4) into useful OPCs with high P atom economy via a key bridging anion [P(CN)2]-. This anion can be prepared on a gram scale directly from P4 through an electrochemical process. A variety of OPCs involving phosphinidenes, cyclophosphanes, and phospholides have been made readily accessible from P4 in a two-step manner. Our approach has a significant impact on the future preparation of OPCs in laboratory and industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Mei
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zeen Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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3
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Rungthanaphatsophon P, Rosal ID, Ward RJ, Vilanova SP, Kelley SP, Maron L, Walensky JR. Formation of an α-Diimine from Isocyanide Coupling Using Thorium(IV) and Uranium(IV) Phosphido–Methyl Complexes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pokpong Rungthanaphatsophon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Iker del Rosal
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de Nano-objets, Universite de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, 135 Avenue de Ranguiel, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Robert J. Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Sean P. Vilanova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Steven P. Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de Nano-objets, Universite de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, 135 Avenue de Ranguiel, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Justin R. Walensky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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4
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Cui CX, Xu D, Ding BW, Qu LB, Zhang YP, Lan Y. Benchmark study of popular density functionals for calculating binding energies of three-center two-electron bonds. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:657-670. [PMID: 30565268 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) can be used to study the three-center two-electron (3c2e) bonding mode, which is universal in catalysts containing alkaline-earth (Ae) and boron-group (Bg) elements. However, because of the delocalization pattern of the 3c2e bond, the wavefunction cannot be accurately described by DFT methods. The calculated energies of Ae and Bg catalysts therefore fluctuate greatly when different functionals are used, largely because of inconsistent DFT-calculated binding energies of 3c2e bonds. Nevertheless, with the development of supercomputers and theoretical calculation software, the DFT method is becoming increasingly popular for studying Ae and Bg catalysts. In this study, we compared the performances of 21 functionals with the high-level composite G3B3 method in calculations for the binding energies of 3c2e bonds. Several frequently used post-Hartree-Fock methods were also tested. The calculation results indicate that the M06-2X, MN12-L, and MN15 functionals give consistent and reliable binding energies for common 3c2e bonds. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Xing Cui
- Postdoctoral Station of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China.,Postdoctoral Research Base, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Wen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Bo Qu
- Postdoctoral Station of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ping Zhang
- Postdoctoral Research Base, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
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5
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Schwarz E, Mueller SK, Weinberger G, Torvisco A, Flock M. Synthesis and Theoretical Investigation of Diphosphastannylenes. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Schwarz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan K. Mueller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Weinberger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ana Torvisco
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michaela Flock
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
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6
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Burton KME, Pantazis DA, Belli RG, McDonald R, Rosenberg L. Alkene Insertions into a Ru–PR2 Bond. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krista M. E. Burton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 Stn CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 2Y2
| | - Dimitrios A. Pantazis
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Roman G. Belli
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 Stn CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 2Y2
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-ray
Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Lisa Rosenberg
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 Stn CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 2Y2
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7
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Xu L, Chi Y, Du S, Zhang W, Xi Z. Direct Synthesis of Phospholyl Lithium from White Phosphorus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of ChemistryPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yue Chi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of ChemistryPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Shanshan Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of ChemistryPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Wen‐Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of ChemistryPeking University Beijing 100871 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P.R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of ChemistryPeking University Beijing 100871 China
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8
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Xu L, Chi Y, Du S, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Direct Synthesis of Phospholyl Lithium from White Phosphorus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9187-90. [PMID: 27304553 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The selective construction of P-C bonds directly from P4 and nucleophiles is an ideal and step-economical approach to utilizing elemental P4 for the straightforward synthesis of organophosphorus compounds. In this work, a highly efficient one-pot reaction between P4 and 1,4-dilithio-1,3-butadienes was realized, which quantitatively affords phospholyl lithium derivatives. DFT calculations indicate that the mechanism is significantly different from that of the well-known stepwise cleavage of P-P bond in P4 activation. Instead, a cooperative nucleophilic attack of two Csp2 Li bonds on P4 , leading to simultaneous cleavage of two P-P bonds, is favorable. This mechanistic information offers a new view on the mechanism of P4 activation, as well as a reasonable explanation for the excellent yields and selectivity. This method could prove to be a useful route to P4 activation and the subsequent production of organophosphorus compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yue Chi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shanshan Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China.
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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9
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Hill MS, Liptrot DJ, Weetman C. Alkaline earths as main group reagents in molecular catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:972-88. [PMID: 26797470 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00880h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed some remarkable advances in our appreciation of the structural and reaction chemistry of the heavier alkaline earth (Ae = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) elements. Derived from complexes of these metals in their immutable +2 oxidation state, a broad and widely applicable catalytic chemistry has also emerged, driven by considerations of cost and inherent low toxicity. The considerable adjustments incurred to ionic radius and resultant cation charge density also provide reactivity with significant mechanistic and kinetic variability as group 2 is descended. In an attempt to place these advances in the broader context of contemporary main group element chemistry, this review focusses on the developing state of the art in both multiple bond heterofunctionalisation and cross coupling catalysis. We review specific advances in alkene and alkyne hydroamination and hydrophosphination catalysis and related extensions of this reactivity that allow the synthesis of a wide variety of acyclic and heterocyclic small molecules. The use of heavier alkaline earth hydride derivatives as pre-catalysts and intermediates in multiple bond hydrogenation, hydrosilylation and hydroboration is also described along with the emergence of these and related reagents in a variety of dehydrocoupling processes that allow that facile catalytic construction of Si-C, Si-N and B-N bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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10
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Klintuch D, Krekić K, Bruhn C, Benkő Z, Pietschnig R. A Rational Synthetic Approach to 2,5-Diphenyl-β-silyl Phospholes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Xu Y, Wang Z, Gan Z, Xi Q, Duan Z, Mathey F. Versatile Synthesis of Phospholides from Open-Chain Precursors. Application to Annelated Pyrrole– and Silole–Phosphole Rings. Org Lett 2015; 17:1732-4. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Xu
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, International Phosphorus Laboratory,
Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials
of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, International Phosphorus Laboratory,
Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials
of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjie Gan
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, International Phosphorus Laboratory,
Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials
of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Qiuzhen Xi
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, International Phosphorus Laboratory,
Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials
of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Duan
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, International Phosphorus Laboratory,
Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials
of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - François Mathey
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, International Phosphorus Laboratory,
Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials
of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
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12
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Li H, Wang XY, Wei B, Xu L, Zhang WX, Pei J, Xi Z. Intramolecular C-F and C-H bond cleavage promoted by butadienyl heavy Grignard reagents. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4508. [PMID: 25047678 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Organomagnesium compounds (Grignard reagents) are among the most useful organometallic reagents and have greatly accelerated the advancement of synthetic chemistry and related sciences. Nevertheless, heavy Grignard reagents based on the metals calcium, strontium or barium are not widely used, mainly due to their rather inert heavy alkaline-earth metals and extremely high reactivity of their corresponding Grignard-type reagents. Here we report the generation and reaction chemistry of butadienyl heavy Grignard reagents whose extremely high reactivity is successfully tamed. Facile synthesis of perfluoro-π-extended pentalene and naphthalene derivatives is realized by the in situ generated heavy Grignard reagents via intramolecular C-F/C-H bond cleavage. These obtained perfluorodibenzopentalene and perfluorodinaphthopentalene derivatives show low-lying LUMO levels, with one being the lowest value so far among all pentalene derivatives. Our results set an exciting example for the meaningful synthetic application of heavy Grignard reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Haidian, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao-Ye Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Haidian, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Baosheng Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Haidian, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Haidian, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Haidian, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Haidian, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- 1] Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Haidian, Beijing 100871, China [2] State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, Shanghai 200032, China
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13
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Loh C, Seupel S, Koch A, Görls H, Krieck S, Westerhausen M. Strong intramolecular calcium–π interactions with aryl substituents – requirements and limitations. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:14440-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00949e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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14
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Loh C, Seupel S, Görls H, Krieck S, Westerhausen M. Structural Evidence of Strong Calcium−π Interactions to Aryl Substituents Stabilized by Coexistent Agostic Bonds to Alkyl Groups. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500135g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claas Loh
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Susanne Seupel
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Krieck
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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15
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Kornev AN, Sushev VV, Panova YS, Lukoyanova OV, Ketkov SY, Baranov EV, Fukin GK, Lopatin MA, Budnikova YG, Abakumov GA. N,N′-Fused Bisphosphole: Heteroaromatic Molecule with Two-Coordinate and Formally Divalent Phosphorus. Synthesis, Electronic Structure, and Chemical Properties. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:3243-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500274h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Kornev
- G.
A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin str, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav V. Sushev
- G.
A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin str, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Yulia S. Panova
- G.
A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin str, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Olga V. Lukoyanova
- G.
A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin str, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Sergey Yu. Ketkov
- G.
A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin str, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Evgenii V. Baranov
- G.
A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin str, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Georgy K. Fukin
- G.
A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin str, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Lopatin
- G.
A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin str, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Yulia G. Budnikova
- A.
E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov str, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Gleb A. Abakumov
- G.
A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin str, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Chemical
Department, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23
Gagarina Pr, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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16
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Reiners M, Fecker AC, Freytag M, Jones PG, Walter MD. Pentadienyl chemistry of the heavy alkaline-earth metals revisited. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:6614-7. [PMID: 24652227 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00545g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Reiners
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität, Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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17
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Freitag S, Krebs KM, Henning J, Hirdler J, Schubert H, Wesemann L. Stannylene-Based Lewis Pairs. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400736e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Freitag
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kilian M. Krebs
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Henning
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janina Hirdler
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Weicker SA, Dube JW, Ragogna PJ. Synthesis of Zwitterionic Group 14 Centered Complexes: Traditional Coordination and Unusual Insertion Chemistry. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400186m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Weicker
- Department of Chemistry and The Centre for Advanced
Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario,
Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Jonathan W. Dube
- Department of Chemistry and The Centre for Advanced
Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario,
Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Paul J. Ragogna
- Department of Chemistry and The Centre for Advanced
Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario,
Canada N6A 5B7
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Freitag S, Henning J, Schubert H, Wesemann L. Phosphastannirane: A Phosphorus/Tin(II) Lewis Pair that Undergoes Alkyne and Alkene Addition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5640-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Freitag S, Henning J, Schubert H, Wesemann L. Phosphastanniran: Ein Phosphor/Zinn(II)-Lewis-Paar, das Alkine und Alkene addiert. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Westerhausen M, Krieck S, Langer J, Al-Shboul TM, Görls H. Phosphanides of calcium and their oxidation products. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Řezníček T, Dostál L, Růžička A, Jambor R. Diphosphastannylenes: Precursors for Phosphorus–Phosphorus Coupling? Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Řezníček
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 65, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 65, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 65, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 65, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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25
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Al-Shboul TM, Pálfi VK, Yu L, Kretschmer R, Wimmer K, Fischer R, Görls H, Reiher M, Westerhausen M. Catalytic synthesis of vinylphosphanes via calcium-mediated intermolecular hydrophosphanylation of alkynes and butadiynes. J Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Wagner M, Dorogov K, Schürmann M, Jurkschat K. Intramolecularly coordinated heteroleptic organostannylene tungsten pentacarbonyl complexes 4-tBu-2,6-[P(O)(OiPr)2]2C6H2Sn(X)W(CO)5 (X = Cl, F, PPh2, PPh2[W(CO)5]). Syntheses and reactivity. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:8839-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10321k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Barrett AGM, Crimmin MR, Hill MS, Procopiou PA. Heterofunctionalization catalysis with organometallic complexes of calcium, strontium and barium. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2009.0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the routine employment of Grignard reagents and Hauser bases as stoichiometric carbanion reagents in organic and inorganic synthesis, a defined reaction chemistry encompassing the heavier elements of Group II (M = Ca, Sr and Ba) has, until recently, remained unreported. This article provides details of the recent progress in heavier Group II catalysed small molecule transformations mediated by well-defined heteroleptic and homoleptic complexes of the form LMX or MX
2
; where L is a mono-anionic ligand and X is a reactive σ-bonded substituent. The intra- and intermolecular heterofunctionalization (hydroamination, hydrophosphination, hydrosilylation and hydrogenation) of alkenes, alkynes, dienes, carbodiimides, isocyanates and ketones is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony G. M. Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mark R. Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Michael S. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Panayiotis A. Procopiou
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
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Crimmin MR, Arrowsmith M, Barrett AGM, Casely IJ, Hill MS, Procopiou PA. Intramolecular Hydroamination of Aminoalkenes by Calcium and Magnesium Complexes: A Synthetic and Mechanistic Study. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:9670-85. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9003377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K., Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K., Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Anthony G. M. Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K., Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Ian J. Casely
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K., Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Michael S. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K., Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Panayiotis A. Procopiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K., Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
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29
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Al-Shboul TM, Görls H, Westerhausen M. Calcium-mediated hydrophosphination of diphenylethyne and diphenylbutadiyne as well as crystal structure of 1,4-diphenyl-1,4-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)buta-1,3-diene. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2008.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Barrett AGM, Crimmin MR, Hill MS, Hitchcock PB, Procopiou PA. Insertion reactions of β-diketiminate-stabilised calcium amides with 1,3-dialkylcarbodiimides. Dalton Trans 2008:4474-81. [DOI: 10.1039/b717383k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Eisler DJ, Less RJ, Naseri V, Rawson JM, Wright DS. The 6π, phosphide-stabilised stannylene dianion [C6H4P2Sn]2−; the first member of a new class of Arduengo-type carbene analogues. Dalton Trans 2008:2382-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b800501j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Westerhausen M, Gärtner M, Fischer R, Langer J, Yu L, Reiher M. Heavy Grignard Reagents: Challenges and Possibilities of Aryl Alkaline Earth Metal Compounds. Chemistry 2007; 13:6292-306. [PMID: 17577250 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Compounds of the type aryl--M--X, with M=Ca, Sr, Ba and X as any kind of ligand (such as halide, phosphanide, amide, aryl), are presented. The low reactivity of the heavy alkaline earth metals calcium, strontium, and barium enforces an activation prior to use for the direct synthesis. The insertion of these metals into C--I bonds of aryl iodides (direct synthesis) yields aryl metal iodides and has to be performed at low temperatures and in THF. Aryl alkaline-earth-metal compounds show some characteristics: 1) the ease of ether cleavage enforces low reaction temperatures, 2) for Sr and Ba the Schlenk equilibrium is shifted towards homoleptic MI2 and MPh2, 3) high solubility of diaryl alkaline-earth-metal derivatives in THF even at low temperatures initiated quantum chemical investigations on the aggregation behavior, and 4) a strong low field shift of the 13C resonances of the ipso carbon atoms in NMR spectra was observed. First results from quantum chemical calculations on diaryl dicalcium(I) suggest a long Ca--Ca bond with a considerable Ca--Ca bond dissociation energy. Initial results on a selection of applications such as metallation, metathesis, and addition reactions of aryl calcium compounds are presented as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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33
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Crimmin MR, Barrett AGM, Hill MS, Hitchcock PB, Procopiou PA. Calcium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydrophosphination. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om070200k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., The Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QJ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Anthony G. M. Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., The Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QJ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Michael S. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., The Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QJ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Peter B. Hitchcock
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., The Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QJ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Panayiotis A. Procopiou
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., The Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QJ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
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34
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Westerhausen M, Gärtner M, Fischer R, Langer J. Arylcalcium-Verbindungen: Synthesen, Strukturen, physikalische Eigenschaften und chemisches Verhalten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200604192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Westerhausen M, Gärtner M, Fischer R, Langer J. Aryl Calcium Compounds: Syntheses, Structures, Physical Properties, and Chemical Behavior. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:1950-6. [PMID: 17262871 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Organocalcium chemistry is still in its infancy. The direct synthesis of activated calcium and (substituted) iodobenzenes allows for the large-scale and high-yield synthesis of aryl calcium iodides. The influence of the substitution patterns of the phenyl group, halogen atom, and solvent is discussed. Aryl calcium iodides show a Schlenk equilibrium that enables the isolation of diaryl calcium derivatives. Owing to the high reactivity of aryl calcium halides, low temperatures have to be maintained throughout the preparative procedures in order to avoid side reactions. A decrease of reactivity and, hence, an enhanced stability at higher temperatures can be achieved by shielding of the calcium atom by increasing the coordination number of the metal center or by substitution of the iodide anion by bulky groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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36
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Rivard E, Sutton AD, Fettinger JC, Power PP. Synthesis of the sterically congested diarylphosphines and and the monomeric Sn(II)-diphosphide. Inorganica Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2005.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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37
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Brym M, Francis MD, Jin G, Jones C, Mills DP, Stasch A. Facile Transformations of a 1,3,5-Triphosphacyclohexadienyl Anion within the Coordination Sphere of Group 13 and 14 Elements: Synthesis of 1,3-Diphosphacyclopentadienyl Complexes and Phosphaorganometallic Cage Compounds. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om0605581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Brym
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Main Group Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Matthew D. Francis
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Main Group Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Guoxia Jin
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Main Group Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Cameron Jones
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Main Group Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - David P. Mills
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Main Group Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Andreas Stasch
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Main Group Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, U.K
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Blair S, Izod K, Clegg W, Harrington RW. Complexes of the Heavier Alkaline Earth Metals Ca, Sr, and Ba with O-Functionalized Phosphanide Ligands. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:8526-31. [PMID: 15606202 DOI: 10.1021/ic048978a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metathesis reactions between either SrI(2) or BaI(2) and 2 equiv of the potassium phosphanide [[(Me(3)Si)(2)CH]-(C(6)H(4)-2-OMe)P]K yield, after recrystallization, the complexes [[([Me(3)Si](2)CH)(C(6)H(4)-2-OMe)P](2)M(THF)(n)] [M = Sr, n = 2 (5); Ba, n = 3 (6)]. Similar metathesis reactions between MI(2) and 2 equiv of the more sterically demanding potassium phosphanide [[(Me(3)Si)(2)CH](C(6)H(3)-2-OMe-3-Me)P]K yield the chemically isostructural complexes [[([Me(3)Si](2)CH)(C(6)H(3)-2-OMe-3-Me)P](2)M(THF)(2)] [M = Ca (9), Sr (7), Ba (8)]. Compounds 5-9 have been characterized by multi-element NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Complex 9 is thermally unstable and decomposes at room temperature to give the tertiary phosphane [(Me(3)Si)(2)CH](C(6)H(3)-2-OMe-3-Me)P(Me) and an unidentified Ca-containing product. Compounds 5 and 6 also decompose at elevated temperatures to give the corresponding tertiary phosphane [(Me(3)Si)(2)CH](C(6)H(4)-2-OMe)P(Me) and intractable metal-containing products. The decomposition of 5, 6, and 9 suggests that these compounds undergo an intramolecular methyl migration from the O atom in one phosphanide ligand to the P atom of an adjacent phosphanide ligand to give species containing dianionic alkoxo-phosphanide ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Blair
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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Vargas W, Ruhlandt‐Senge K. Synthesis, Structures and Characterization of the Calcium Pyrrolates [Ca{(2‐(dimethylaminomethyl)pyrrolyl}
2
donor
n
] (donor = THF and pyridine,
n
= 2; DME and TMEDA,
n
= 1) as Potential Precursors for Solid‐State Applications. Eur J Inorg Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200300311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilda Vargas
- Syracuse University, Department of Chemistry, 111 College Place, Rm. 1‐014 Center for Science & Technology, Syracuse, NY 13244‐4100, USA Fax: (internat.) +1‐315/443‐4070
| | - Karin Ruhlandt‐Senge
- Syracuse University, Department of Chemistry, 111 College Place, Rm. 1‐014 Center for Science & Technology, Syracuse, NY 13244‐4100, USA Fax: (internat.) +1‐315/443‐4070
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Blair S, Izod K, Clegg W. A homologous series of alkaline earth phosphanides: syntheses, crystal structures, and unusual dynamic behavior of (THF)(n)M[P(CH(SiMe(3))(2))(C(6)H(4)-2-CH(2)NMe(2))](2) (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba). Inorg Chem 2002; 41:3886-93. [PMID: 12132912 DOI: 10.1021/ic0201194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The secondary phosphine R(Me(2)NCH(2)-2-C(6)H(4))PH reacts with Bu(2)Mg to give the homoleptic complex Mg[PR(C(6)H(4)-2-CH(2)NMe(2))](2) (1) [R = CH(SiMe(3))(2)]. The analogous heavier alkaline earth metal complexes (THF)(n)Ae[PR(C(6)H(4)-2-CH(2)NMe(2))](2) [Ae = Ca (2), n = 0; Ae = Sr (3), Ba (4), n = 1] have been synthesized by metathesis reactions between K[PR(C(6)H(4)-2-CH(2)NMe(2))] and 0.5 equiv of the respective alkaline earth metal diiodide. Compounds 1-4 have been characterized by X-ray crystallography and multielement NMR spectroscopy. In the solid state, compounds 1-4 are monomeric, complexes 1 and 2 adopting a distorted tetrahedral geometry and complexes 3 and 4 adopting a distorted square pyramidal geometry (1: orthorhombic, P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 11.413(3) A, b = 12.072(3) A, c = 32.620(11) A, Z = 4. 2: monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 9.5550(4) A, b = 17.4560(7) A, c = 24.5782(10) A, beta = 91.673(2) degrees, Z = 4. 3: monoclinic, C2/c, a = 15.0498(9) A, b = 13.0180(8) A, c = 24.3664(14) A, beta = 104.593(2) degrees, Z = 4. 4: monoclinic, C2/c, a = 15.2930(10) A, b = 13.0326(9) A, c = 24.6491(17) A, beta = 105.542(2) degrees, Z = 4). In toluene solution, compounds 2-4 are subject to dynamic processes which are attributed to a monomer-dimer equilibrium for which bridge-terminal exchange of the phosphanide ligands in the dimer may be frozen out at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Blair
- Department of Chemistry, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
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Westerhausen M, Gückel C, Warchhold M, Nöth H. Synthesis and Structure of Semi(tetrahydrofuran-O)bispotassium Bis(2,3,4,5-tetraethylstibolide). Organometallics 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/om000161b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Westerhausen
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 9 (House D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Gückel
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 9 (House D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Warchhold
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 9 (House D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Heinrich Nöth
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 9 (House D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
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