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Farzan VM, Ulashchik EA, Martynenko-Makaev YV, Kvach MV, Aparin IO, Brylev VA, Prikazchikova TA, Maklakova SY, Majouga AG, Ustinov AV, Shipulin GA, Shmanai VV, Korshun VA, Zatsepin TS. Automated Solid-Phase Click Synthesis of Oligonucleotide Conjugates: From Small Molecules to Diverse N-Acetylgalactosamine Clusters. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2599-2607. [PMID: 28921968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed a novel technique for the efficient conjugation of oligonucleotides with various alkyl azides such as fluorescent dyes, biotin, cholesterol, N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), etc. using copper-catalysed alkyne-azide cycloaddition on the solid phase and CuI·P(OEt)3 as a catalyst. Conjugation is carried out in an oligonucleotide synthesizer in fully automated mode and is coupled to oligonucleotide synthesis and on-column deprotection. We also suggest a set of reagents for the construction of diverse conjugates. The sequential double-click procedure using a pentaerythritol-derived tetraazide followed by the addition of a GalNAc or Tris-GalNAc alkyne gives oligonucleotide-GalNAc dendrimer conjugates in good yields with minimal excess of sophisticated alkyne reagents. The approach is suitable for high-throughput synthesis of oligonucleotide conjugates ranging from fluorescent DNA probes to various multi-GalNAc derivatives of 2'-modified siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina M Farzan
- Center of Translational Biomedicine, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Skolkovo, Moscow 143026, Russia
| | - Egor A Ulashchik
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus , Surganova 13, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Yury V Martynenko-Makaev
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus , Surganova 13, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Maksim V Kvach
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus , Surganova 13, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Ilya O Aparin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Brylev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Tatiana A Prikazchikova
- Center of Translational Biomedicine, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Skolkovo, Moscow 143026, Russia
| | - Svetlana Yu Maklakova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie gory 3, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Alexander G Majouga
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie gory 3, Moscow 119992, Russia.,National University of Science and Technology "MISiS" , Leninskiy Prospect 4, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey V Ustinov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - German A Shipulin
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology , Novogireevskaya 3a, Moscow 111123, Russia
| | - Vadim V Shmanai
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus , Surganova 13, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Vladimir A Korshun
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia.,Gause Institute of New Antibiotics , Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 11, Moscow 119021, Russia
| | - Timofei S Zatsepin
- Center of Translational Biomedicine, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Skolkovo, Moscow 143026, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie gory 3, Moscow 119992, Russia.,Central Research Institute of Epidemiology , Novogireevskaya 3a, Moscow 111123, Russia
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Hanson K, Wilger DJ, Jones ST, Harrison DP, Bettis SE, Luo H, Papanikolas JM, Waters ML, Meyer TJ. Electron transfer dynamics of peptide-derivatized RuII-polypyridyl complexes on nanocrystalline metal oxide films. Biopolymers 2013; 100:25-37. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Wilger DJ, Bettis SE, Materese CK, Minakova M, Papoian GA, Papanikolas JM, Waters ML. Tunable Energy Transfer Rates via Control of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Structure of a Coiled Coil Peptide Scaffold. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:11324-38. [DOI: 10.1021/ic300669t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dale J. Wilger
- Department
of Chemistry, CB
3290, University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Stephanie E. Bettis
- Department
of Chemistry, CB
3290, University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Christopher K. Materese
- Department
of Chemistry, CB
3290, University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Maria Minakova
- Department
of Chemistry, CB
3290, University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Garegin A. Papoian
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - John M. Papanikolas
- Department
of Chemistry, CB
3290, University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Marcey L. Waters
- Department
of Chemistry, CB
3290, University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Lo KKW, Li SPY, Zhang KY. Development of luminescent iridium(iii) polypyridine complexes as chemical and biological probes. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00478b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lynam JM. Nucleobase-containing transition metal complexes as building blocks for biological markers and supramolecular structures. Dalton Trans 2008:4067-78. [PMID: 18688423 DOI: 10.1039/b802347f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of metal complexes into nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides has provided a focus for the development of many novel compounds with a wide range of applications. In this perspective article the different methods to incorporate transition metal complexes into these species will be described. Applications of these compounds as biological markers, catalysts and how the hydrogen bonding properties may be employed in directing supramolecular assembly in both the solid state and solution will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Lynam
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, UKYO10 5DD.
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Beilstein AE, Tierney MT, Grinstaff MW. Site-Specifically Labeled Metallo-Oligodeoxynucleotides. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/02603590008050865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Pike AR, Ryder LC, Horrocks BR, Clegg W, Connolly BA, Houlton A. Ferrocenyl-modified DNA: synthesis, characterization and integration with semiconductor electrodes. Chemistry 2006; 11:344-53. [PMID: 15551318 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The ferrocenyl-nucleoside, 5-ethynylferrocenyl-2'-deoxycytidine (1) has been prepared by Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling between ethynylferrocene and 5-iodo-2'-deoxycytidine and incorporated into oligonucleotides by using automated solid-phase synthesis at both silica supports (CPG) and modified single-crystal silicon electrodes. Analysis of DNA oligonucleotides prepared and cleaved from conventional solid supports confirms that the ferrocenyl-nucleoside remains intact during synthesis and deprotection and that the resulting strands may be oxidised and reduced in a chemically reversible manner. Melting curve data show that the ferrocenyl-modified oligonucleotides form duplex structures with native complementary strands. The redox potential of fully solvated ferrocenyl 12-mers, 350 mV versus SCE, was shifted by +40 mV to a more positive potential upon treatment with the complement contrary to the anticipated negative shift based on a simple electrostatic basis. Automated solid-phase methods were also used to synthesise 12-mer ferrocenyl-containing oligonucleotides directly at chemically modified silicon <111> electrodes. Hybridisation to the surface-bound ferrocenyl-DNA caused a shift in the reduction potential of +34 mV to more positive values, indicating that, even when a ferrocenyl nucleoside is contained in a film, the increased density of anions from the phosphate backbone of the complement is still dominated by other factors, for example, the hydrophobic environment of the ferrocene moiety in the duplex or changes in the ferrocene-phosphate distances. The reduction potential is shifted >100 mV after hybridisation when the aqueous electrolyte is replaced by THF/LiClO(4), a solvent of much lower dielectric constant; this is consistent with an explanation based on conformation-induced changes in ferrocene-phosphate distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Pike
- Chemistry Laboratories, School of Natural Sciences Bedson Building, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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Lo KKW. Luminescent Transition Metal Complexes as Biological Labels and Probes. PHOTOFUNCTIONAL TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2006_040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave R van Staveren
- Institut für Pharmazie und Molekulare Biotechnologie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Miller GP, Kool ET. Versatile 5'-functionalization of oligonucleotides on solid support: amines, azides, thiols, and thioethers via phosphorus chemistry. J Org Chem 2004; 69:2404-10. [PMID: 15049637 DOI: 10.1021/jo035765e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the preparation of conjugates of oligonucleotides is by now commonplace, existing methods (usually utilizing thiols or primary amines) are generally expensive, and often require postsynthetic reaction with the DNA followed by a separate purification. Here we describe simple procedures for a broad set of direct 5'-end (5'-terminal carbon) functionalizations of DNA oligonucleotides while they remain on the synthesizer column. 5'-Iodinated oligonucleotides (prepared by an automated cycle as previously reported) are converted directly to 5'-azides, 5'-thiocarbamates, and alkyl and aryl 5'-thioethers in high yields. Further, we demonstrate high-yielding conversions of DNA-azides to 5'-amines, and of thiocarbamates to 5'-thiols. Finally, we report a new, one-pot conversion of naturally substituted 5'-OH oligonucleotides (again on the solid support) to 5'-amino-oligonucleotides. All of the above reactions are demonstrated in multiple sequence contexts. Most of the procedures are automatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Thoresen LH, Jiao GS, Haaland WC, Metzker ML, Burgess K. Rigid, conjugated, fluoresceinated thymidine triphosphates: syntheses and polymerase mediated incorporation into DNA analogues. Chemistry 2004; 9:4603-10. [PMID: 14566865 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200304944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses of a unique set of energy transfer dye labeled nucleoside triphosphates, compounds 1-3, are described. Attempts to prepare these compounds were only successful if the triphosphorylation reaction was performed before coupling the dye to the nucleobase, and not the other way around. Compounds were prepared as both the 2'-deoxy (a) and 2',3'-dideoxy- (b) forms. They feature progressively longer rigid conjugated linkers connecting the nucleobase and the hydroxyxanthone moiety. UV spectra of the parent nucleosides 12-14 show that as the length of the linker increases so does the absorption of the donor in the 320-330 nm region, but with relatively little red-shift of the maxima. Fluorescence spectra of the same compounds show that radiation in the 320-330 nm region results in predominant emission from the fluorescein. When the linker is irradiated at 320 nm, the only significant emission observed corresponds to the hydroxyxanthone part of the molecules at 520 nm; this corresponds to an effective Stokes' shift of 200 nm. As the absorption at 320-330 nm by the linker increases with length, so does the intensity of the fluorescein emission. A gel assay was used to gauge relative incorporation efficiencies of compounds 1-3, dTTP, ddTTP, and 6-TAMRA-ddTTP. Throughout, the thermostable polymerase TaqFS was used, as it is the one most widely applied in high throughput DNA sequencing. This assay showed that only compounds 3 were incorporated efficiently; these have the longest linkers. Of these, the 2'-deoxy nucleoside 3 a was incorporated and did not prevent the polymerase from extending the chain further. The 2',3'-dideoxy nucleoside 3 b was incorporated only about 430 times less efficiently than ddTTP under the same conditions, and caused chain termination. The implications of these studies on modified sequencing protocols are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars H Thoresen
- Texas A & M University, Chemistry Department, P. O. Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA
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Jiao GS, Burgess K. Oligonucleotides with strongly fluorescent groups pi-conjugated to a nucleobase: syntheses, melting temperatures, and conformation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:2785-8. [PMID: 12873515 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoramidite 1 was prepared, incorporated into oligonucleotides, and these were studied via thermal denaturation and circular dichroism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Sheng Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, PO Box 30012, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77842-3012, USA
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Hashmi SAN, Hu X, Immoos CE, Lee SJ, Grinstaff MW. Synthesis and characterization of pi-stacked phenothiazine-labeled oligodeoxynucleotides. Org Lett 2002; 4:4571-4. [PMID: 12489932 DOI: 10.1021/ol026704q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A facile procedure for the incorporation of N-methyl phenothiazine as the terminal nucleoside in oligodeoxynucleotides is reported. The phenothiazine nucleoside analogue is synthesized and then incorporated into DNA using an automated DNA solid-phase synthesizer. Phenothiazine-labeled oligodeoxynucleotides form stable B-form duplexes with higher melting temperatures compared to unlabeled DNA duplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Nadeem Hashmi
- Department of Chemistry, Paul M. Gross Chemical Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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Heteroleptic 5,5′-disubstituted-2,2′-bipyridine complexes of ruthenium(II): spectral, electrochemical, and structural investigations. Inorganica Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(01)00414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tierney MT, Grinstaff MW. Synthesis and stability of oligodeoxynucleotides containing C8-labeled 2'-deoxyadenosine: novel redox nucleobase probes for DNA-mediated charge-transfer studies. Org Lett 2000; 2:3413-6. [PMID: 11081996 DOI: 10.1021/ol006303f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] An efficient and convenient synthetic strategy to redox-labeled C8-derivatives of 2'-deoxyadenosine is described. The Pd(0) cross-coupling chemistry is amenable to both oxidative and reductive redox probes. The corresponding phosphoramidites of phenothiazine and anthraquinone nucleosides are amenable to automated DNA synthesis. The resulting labeled oligodeoxynucleotide strands form stable B-form duplexes with melting temperatures and CD spectra similar to those of the unlabeled analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Tierney
- Department of Chemistry, Paul M. Gross Chemical Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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