1
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Wang H, Shao JY, Duan R, Wang KZ, Zhong YW. Synthesis and electronic coupling studies of cyclometalated diruthenium complexes bridged by 3,3',5,5'-tetrakis(benzimidazol-2-yl)-biphenyl. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:4219-4230. [PMID: 33687405 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00263e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Three cyclometalated diruthenium complexes bridged by 3,3',5,5'-tetrakis(benzimidazol-2-yl)biphenyl (H-tbibp) and capped with different terminal ligands have been synthesized and examined. In addition, two monoruthenium complexes with H-tbibp have been prepared for the purpose of comparison studies. The degree of Ru-Ru electronic coupling of these diruthenium complexes has been investigated by electrochemical and intervalence charge-transfer (IVCT) analyses. These results suggest that when the same or similar terminal ligands are used, the strength of H-tbibp in mediating the Ru-Ru coupling is enhanced with respect to that of the previously reported bridging ligand 3,3',5,5'-tetrakis(N-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)biphenyl, but it is slightly inferior to that of the classical bridging ligand 3,3',5,5'-tetrakis(pyrid-2-yl)biphenyl. This trend is also supported by CNS analyses based on the hole-superexchange mechanism. In addition, DFT calculations have been performed to probe the spin density distributions of the singly-oxidized diruthenium complexes with H-tbibp and TDDFT calculations are used to reproduce the IVCT transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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2
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Oxidized Styrylruthenium–Ferrocene Conjugates: From Valence Localization to Valence Tautomerism. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Zhong YW, Gong ZL, Shao JY, Yao J. Electronic coupling in cyclometalated ruthenium complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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4
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Malvolti F, Rouxel C, Triadon A, Grelaud G, Richy N, Mongin O, Blanchard-Desce M, Toupet L, Razak FIA, Stranger R, Samoc M, Yang X, Wang G, Barlow A, Cifuentes MP, Humphrey MG, Paul F. 2,7-Fluorenediyl-Bridged Complexes Containing Electroactive “Fe(η5-C5Me5)(κ2-dppe)C≡C–” End Groups: Molecular Wires and Remarkable Nonlinear Electrochromes. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Malvolti
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, Campus
de Beaulieu, Bât. 10C, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Cédric Rouxel
- Chimie
et Photonique Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 6510, Université de Rennes 1, Campus
de Beaulieu, Bât. 10C, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Amédée Triadon
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, Campus
de Beaulieu, Bât. 10C, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Grelaud
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, Campus
de Beaulieu, Bât. 10C, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
- Research
School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Nicolas Richy
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, Campus
de Beaulieu, Bât. 10C, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Mongin
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, Campus
de Beaulieu, Bât. 10C, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
- Chimie
et Photonique Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 6510, Université de Rennes 1, Campus
de Beaulieu, Bât. 10C, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Mireille Blanchard-Desce
- Chimie
et Photonique Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 6510, Université de Rennes 1, Campus
de Beaulieu, Bât. 10C, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
- Institut
des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Loic Toupet
- Institut
de Physique de Rennes (IPR), UMR CNRS 6251, Université de Rennes I, Campus
de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Fazira I. Abdul Razak
- Research
School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Robert Stranger
- Research
School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Marek Samoc
- Laser Physics
Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Advanced
Materials Engineering and Modeling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, 50370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Xinwei Yang
- Research
School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Genmiao Wang
- Research
School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Adam Barlow
- Research
School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Marie P. Cifuentes
- Research
School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Mark G. Humphrey
- Research
School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Frédéric Paul
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, Campus
de Beaulieu, Bât. 10C, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Kuriyama S, Arashiba K, Nakajima K, Tanaka H, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Nitrogen fixation catalyzed by ferrocene-substituted dinitrogen-bridged dimolybdenum-dinitrogen complexes: unique behavior of ferrocene moiety as redox active site. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3940-3951. [PMID: 29218165 PMCID: PMC5707465 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00545k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of dinitrogen-bridged dimolybdenum-dinitrogen complexes bearing metallocene-substituted PNP-pincer ligands is synthesized by the reduction of the corresponding monomeric molybdenum-trichloride complexes under 1 atm of molecular dinitrogen. Introduction of ferrocene as a redox-active moiety to the pyridine ring of the PNP-pincer ligand increases the catalytic activity for the formation of ammonia from molecular dinitrogen, up to 45 equiv. of ammonia being formed based on the catalyst (22 equiv. of ammonia based on each molybdenum atom of the catalyst). The time profile for the catalytic reaction reveals that the presence of the ferrocene unit in the catalyst increases the rate of ammonia formation. Electrochemical measurement and theoretical studies indicate that an interaction between the Fe atom of the ferrocene moiety and the Mo atom in the catalyst may play an important role to achieve a high catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Kuriyama
- Institute of Engineering Innovation , School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan .
| | - Kazuya Arashiba
- Institute of Engineering Innovation , School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan .
| | - Kazunari Nakajima
- Institute of Engineering Innovation , School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan .
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB) , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku , Kyoto 615-8520 , Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB) , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku , Kyoto 615-8520 , Japan
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and International Research Center for Molecular System , Kyushu University , Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan .
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Institute of Engineering Innovation , School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan .
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6
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Yao CJ, Nie HJ, Yang WW, Shao JY, Yao J, Zhong YW. Strongly Coupled Cyclometalated Ruthenium-Triarylamine Hybrids: Tuning Electrochemical Properties, Intervalence Charge Transfer, and Spin Distribution by Substituent Effects. Chemistry 2014; 20:17466-77. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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7
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Shao JY, Zhong YW. Tuning the electronic coupling in cyclometalated diruthenium complexes through substituent effects: a correlation between the experimental and calculated results. Chemistry 2014; 20:8702-13. [PMID: 24939832 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A common bridging ligand, 3,3',5,5'-tetrakis(N-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)biphenyl, and four terpyridine terminal ligands with various substituents (amine, tolyl, nitro, and ester groups) have been used to synthesize ten cyclometalated diruthenium complexes 1(2+) -10(2+) . Among them, compounds 1(2+) -6(2+) are redox nonsymmetric, and others are symmetric. These complexes show two Ru(III/II) processes and an intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) transition in the one-electron oxidized state. The potential separation (ΔE) of 1(2+) -10(2+) has been correlated to the energy difference ΔG(0) , the energy of the IVCT band Eop , and the ground-state delocalization coefficient α(2) . Time-dependent (TD)DFT calculations suggest that the absorptions in the visible region of 1(2+) -6(2+) are mainly associated with the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer transitions from both ruthenium ions and to both terminal ligands and the bridging ligand. However, the energies of these transitions vary significantly. DFT calculations have been performed on 1(2+) -6(2+) and 1(3+) -6(3+) to give information on the electronic structures and spin populations of the mixed-valent compounds. The TDDFT-predicted IVCT excitations reproduce well the experimental trends in transition energies. In addition, three monoruthenium complexes have been synthesized for a comparison study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Yang Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P.R. China)
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8
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Tang JH, Wu SH, Shao JY, Nie HJ, Zhong YW. Ruthenium-Amine Electronic Coupling Bridged through Phen-1,3-diyl Versus Phen-1,4-diyl: Reverse of the Charge Transfer Direction. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400519b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Si-Hai Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiang-Yang Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hai-Jing Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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9
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Wu S, Shao J, Kang H, Yao J, Zhong Y. Substituent and Solvent Effects on the Electrochemical Properties and Intervalence Transfer in Asymmetric Mixed‐Valent Complexes Consisting of Cyclometalated Ruthenium and Ferrocene. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:2843-50. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si‐Hai Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P.R. China) http://zhongyuwu.iccas.ac.cn/
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (P.R. China)
| | - Jiang‐Yang Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P.R. China) http://zhongyuwu.iccas.ac.cn/
| | - Hong‐Wei Kang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P.R. China) http://zhongyuwu.iccas.ac.cn/
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P.R. China) http://zhongyuwu.iccas.ac.cn/
| | - Yu‐Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P.R. China) http://zhongyuwu.iccas.ac.cn/
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (P.R. China)
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10
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Yang WW, Yao J, Zhong YW. Redox-Asymmetric Bisruthenium Complex Bridged by a Pyridin-4-yl Moiety: Synthesis, Characterization, and Electronic Coupling Studies. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om3009662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing
210093, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Wu SH, Shen JJ, Yao J, Zhong YW. Asymmetric mixed-valence complexes that consist of cyclometalated ruthenium and ferrocene: synthesis, characterization, and electronic-coupling studies. Chem Asian J 2012; 8:138-47. [PMID: 23112105 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Three bis-tridentate ferrocene-containing cyclometalated ruthenium complexes, [(Fcdpb)Ru(tpy)](+) (1(+)), [(Fctpy)Ru(dpb)](+) (2(+)), and [(Fcdpb)Ru(Fctpy)](+) (3(+)), have been prepared and characterized, where Fcdpb is the 2-deprotonated form of 1,3-di(2-pyridyl)-5-ferrocenylbenzene, tpy is 2,2':6',2"-terpyridine, dpb is the 2-deprotonated form of 1,3-di(2-pyridyl)benzene, and Fctpy is 4'-ferrocenyl-2,2':6',2"-terpyridine. Single crystals of compounds 2(+) and 3(+) have been studied by X-ray analysis. Complexes 1(+) and 2(+) displayed two anodic redox waves, whilst three well-separated redox couples were observed for compound 3(+). A combined experimental and computational study suggested that the ferrocene unit on the Fcdpb moiety in compounds 1(+) and 3(+) was oxidized first. In contrast, the order of the oxidation of ruthenium and ferrocene in complex 2(+) was reversed. Metal-to-metal-charge-transfer transitions (MM'CT) have been observed for the singly oxidized states 1(2+), 2(2+), and 3(2+) in the near-infrared region. Hush analysis showed that the metal-metal electronic couplings in compounds 1(2+) and 3(2+) were much stronger than those in compound 2(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Hai Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bejing 100190, People's Republic of China
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12
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Kowalski K, Linseis M, Winter RF, Zabel M, Záliš S, Kelm H, Krüger HJ, Sarkar B, Kaim W. Charge Delocalization in a Heterobimetallic Ferrocene−(Vinyl)Ru(CO)Cl(PiPr3)2 System†Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Helmut Werner on the occasion of his 75th birthday. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om9002945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Kowalski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Narutowicza 68, 90-136 Łódź, Poland
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Linseis
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer F. Winter
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Zabel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stanislav Záliš
- Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Harald Kelm
- Fachbereich Chemie der TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Krüger
- Fachbereich Chemie der TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kaim
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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13
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Santi S, Orian L, Durante C, Bencze EZ, Bisello A, Donoli A, Ceccon A, Benetollo F, Crociani L. Metal–Metal Electronic Coupling insyn andanti Stereoisomers of Mixed-Valent (FeCp)2-, (RhL2)2-, and (FeCp)(RhL2)-as-Indacenediide Ions. Chemistry 2007; 13:7933-47. [PMID: 17616957 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The extent of metal-metal electronic coupling was quantified for a series of syn and anti stereoisomers of (FeCp)(2)-, (RhL(2))(2)- and (FeCp)(RhL(2))- (L(2)=1,5-cyclooctadiene (cod), L=CO) as-indacenediide mixed-valent ions by spectroelectrochemical and DFT studies. The effect of the syn/anti orientation of the metal units with respect to the planar aromatic ligand indicates that electron transfer occurs through the bridge rather than through space. The nature of the metal was found to be crucial: while homobimetallic diiron species are localised valence-trapped ions (Class II), the dirhodium analogues are almost delocalised mixed-valent ions (borderline and Class III). Finally, despite their redox asymmetry, even in the heterobimetallic iron-rhodium as-indacenediide complexes, strong metal-metal coupling is present. In fact, oxidation of the iron centre is accompanied by electron transfer from rhodium to iron and formation of a reactive 17-electron rhodium site. syn and anti Fe-Rh as-indacenediide complexes are rare examples of heterobimetallic systems which can be classified as borderline Class II/Class III species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Santi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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14
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Ratera I, Sporer C, Ruiz-Molina D, Ventosa N, Baggerman J, Brouwer AM, Rovira C, Veciana J. Solvent Tuning from Normal to Inverted Marcus Region of Intramolecular Electron Transfer in Ferrocene-Based Organic Radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:6117-29. [PMID: 17451238 DOI: 10.1021/ja066351g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The solvent dependence of spectroscopic data of two neutral paramagnetic donor-acceptor dyads, based on a polychlorinated triphenylmethyl radical acceptor unit linked through a vinylene pi-bridge to a ferrocene (compound 1) or a nonamethylferrocene donor (compound 2) unit, is described. Both compounds exhibit broad absorptions in the near-IR region, with band maxima appearing around 1000 and 1500 nm for 1 and 2, respectively. These bands correspond to the excitation of a neutral DA ground state to the charge-separated D+A- state, indicative of an intramolecular electron-transfer process. Compounds 1 and 2 show two reversible one-electron redox processes associated with the oxidation of the ferrocene and the reduction of the polychlorotriphenylmethyl radical subunits. The solvent dependence of the redox potentials was also investigated, allowing the determination of the redox asymmetries DeltaG degrees of both dyads. The latter values, along with the experimental Eopt spectroscopic data, allow us to estimate, using the total energy balance Eopt = lambda + DeltaG degrees , the reorganization energy values, lambda, and their solvent polarity dependence. Since DeltaG degrees and lambda are of the same order of magnitude but exhibit opposite trends in their solvent polarity dependence, a unique shift from the normal to the inverted Marcus region with the change in solvent polarity is found. The kinetics of the charge recombination step of the excited charge-separated D+A- state was studied by picosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, which allows us to observe and monitor for the first time the charge-separated D+A- state, thereby confirming unambiguously the photoinduced electron-transfer phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imma Ratera
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, Campus Universitari de Ballaterra, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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15
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Santi S, Orian L, Durante C, Bisello A, Benetollo F, Crociani L, Ganis P, Ceccon A. Tuning the Electronic Communication in Heterobimetallic Mixed-Valence Ions of (1-Ferrocenyl)- and (2-Ferrocenyl)indenyl Rhodium Isomers. Chemistry 2007; 13:1955-68. [PMID: 17171728 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of heterobimetallic complexes of general structure [RhL(2){eta(5)-(2-ferrocenyl)indenyl}] (L(2)=cod, nbd, L=CO; cod=cyclooctadiene; nbd=norbornadiene) has been synthesised with the aim of tuning the metal-metal interaction in their mixed-valence ions generated both by chemical and electrochemical oxidation, and the results are compared with those obtained for [RhL(2){eta(5)-(1-ferrocenyl)indenyl}] isomers. Crystallographic studies and DFT calculations provide a detailed description of the structural and electronic features of these complexes evidencing a significant difference in the extent of planarity of the flexible bridging ligand between the 1- and 2-ferrocenyl isomers. Independent experimental probes, in particular the potential splitting in the cyclic voltammograms and the IT bands in the near-IR spectra, are rationalised in the framework of Marcus-Hush theory and at quantum chemistry level by DFT and TD-DFT methods. These methods allow us to establish a trend based on the magnitude of iron-rhodium electronic coupling H(ab) ranging from valence trapped to almost delocalised ions. The quasi planar bridge and the olefin ancillary ligands make [Rh(nbd){eta(5)-(2-ferrocenyl)indenyl}](+) and [Rh(cod){eta(5)-(2-ferrocenyl)indenyl}](+) rare examples of heterobimetallic systems which can be classified as borderline Class II/Class III species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Santi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padua, Italy.
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16
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Angell SE, Rogers CW, Zhang Y, Wolf MO, Jones WE. Hemilabile coordination complexes for sensing applications. Coord Chem Rev 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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D'Alessandro DM, Keene FR. Intervalence Charge Transfer (IVCT) in Trinuclear and Tetranuclear Complexes of Iron, Ruthenium, and Osmium. Chem Rev 2006; 106:2270-98. [PMID: 16771450 DOI: 10.1021/cr050010o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M D'Alessandro
- School of Pharmacy & Molecular Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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Alvarado YJ, Peña-Suárez JL, Cubillán N, Labarca PH, Caldera-Luzardo JA, López-Linares F. Influence of the dielectric medium on the carbonyl infrared absorption peak of acetylferrocene. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2005; 10:457-74. [PMID: 18007317 PMCID: PMC6147700 DOI: 10.3390/10020457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2004] [Revised: 12/12/2004] [Accepted: 12/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The solvent effect on the position of the carbonyl vibrational stretching of acetylferrocene in aprotic media was studied in this work. The solvent-induced shifts in this organometallic compound were interpreted in terms of the alternative reaction field model(SCRF-MO) proposed by Kolling. In contrast to the established trends for carbonyl groups in organic systems, the results suggest that the continuum models for the reaction field are not adequate and that the influence of dipolarity-polarizability described by an inhomogeneous coupling function theta(epsilon )L(n(2)) that assumes optical dielectric saturation is responsible for the carbonyl band shift and, there is empirical evidence that the effect of field-induced intermolecular interaction on band shift, interpreted in terms of the van der Waals forces from the solvent, have a important contribution to this phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ysaías J. Alvarado
- Laboratorio de Electrónica Molecular, Departamento de Química, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, La Universidad del Zulia, Ap. 526, Grano de Oro, Módulo No.2, Maracaibo, Venezuela Fax: (+58) 261 7598125; Tel: (+58) 261 7598125
- Authors to whom correspondence may be addressed; E-mail: ;
| | - José Lucas Peña-Suárez
- Laboratorio de Electrónica Molecular, Departamento de Química, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, La Universidad del Zulia, Ap. 526, Grano de Oro, Módulo No.2, Maracaibo, Venezuela Fax: (+58) 261 7598125; Tel: (+58) 261 7598125
| | - Néstor Cubillán
- Laboratorio de Electrónica Molecular, Departamento de Química, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, La Universidad del Zulia, Ap. 526, Grano de Oro, Módulo No.2, Maracaibo, Venezuela Fax: (+58) 261 7598125; Tel: (+58) 261 7598125
- Authors to whom correspondence may be addressed; E-mail: ;
| | - Paola H. Labarca
- Laboratorio de Electrónica Molecular, Departamento de Química, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, La Universidad del Zulia, Ap. 526, Grano de Oro, Módulo No.2, Maracaibo, Venezuela Fax: (+58) 261 7598125; Tel: (+58) 261 7598125
| | - José A. Caldera-Luzardo
- Laboratorio de Electrónica Molecular, Departamento de Química, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, La Universidad del Zulia, Ap. 526, Grano de Oro, Módulo No.2, Maracaibo, Venezuela Fax: (+58) 261 7598125; Tel: (+58) 261 7598125
| | - Francisco López-Linares
- Laboratorio de Química de los Metales de Transición, Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas Altos de Pipe, Km 11 Carretera Panamericana, Caracas, Venezuela
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Ceccon A, Santi S, Orian L, Bisello A. Electronic communication in heterobinuclear organometallic complexes through unsaturated hydrocarbon bridges. Coord Chem Rev 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Peris E. From long-chain conjugated oligomers to dendrimers: synthesis and physical properties of phenyl-ethenyl-ferrocenyl containing one- and two-dimensional complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Qi H, Sharma S, Li Z, Snider GL, Orlov AO, Lent CS, Fehlner TP. Molecular Quantum Cellular Automata Cells. Electric Field Driven Switching of a Silicon Surface Bound Array of Vertically Oriented Two-Dot Molecular Quantum Cellular Automata. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:15250-9. [PMID: 14653760 DOI: 10.1021/ja0371909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The amine functionality of the linker on the dinuclear complex [trans-Ru(dppm)(2)(Ctbd1;CFc)(NCCH(2)CH(2)NH(2))][PF(6)] reacts with Si-Cl bonds of a chlorinated, highly B doped Si (111) surface to yield Si-N surface-complex bonds. The surface bound complex is constrained to a near vertical orientation by the chain length of the linker as confirmed by variable angle XPS. Oxidation of the dinuclear complex with ferrocenium ion or electrochemically generates a stable, biased Fe(III)-Ru(II) mixed-valence complex on the surface. Characterization of the array of surface bound complexes with spectroscopic as well as electrochemical techniques confirms the presence of strongly bound, chemically robust, mixed-valence complexes. Capping the flat array of complexes with a minimally perturbing mercury electrode permits the equalization of the Fe and Ru energy wells by an applied electric field. The differential capacitance of oxidized and unoxidized bound complexes is compared as a function of voltage applied between the Hg gate and the Si. The results show that electron exchange between the Fe and Ru sites of the array of dinuclear mixed-valence complexes at energy equalization generates a fluctuating dipole that produces a maximum in the capacitance versus voltage curve for each complex-counterion combination present. Passage through the capacitance maximum corresponds to switching of the molecular quantum cellular automata (QCA) cell array by the electric field from the Fe(III)-Ru(II) configuration to the Fe(II)-Ru(III) configuration, thereby confirming that molecules possess an essential property necessary for their use as elements of a QCA device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, USA
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Li Z, Fehlner TP. Molecular QCA cells. 2. Characterization of an unsymmetrical dinuclear mixed-valence complex bound to a Au surface by an organic linker. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:5715-21. [PMID: 12950222 DOI: 10.1021/ic026255q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of binary information encoded in the charge configuration of quantum-dot cells (the quantum-dot cellular automata, QCA, paradigm) requires surface-bound molecule-sized dots for room temperature operation. Molecular QCA cells are mixed-valence complexes, and the evaluation of a surface-bound unsymmetrical, heterobinuclear, two-dot, Fe-Ru molecular QCA cell is described. The tailed complex, trans-[Ru(dppm)(2)(C[triple bond]CFc)(N[triple bond]CCH(2)CH(2)-NH(2))][PF(6)] (dppm = methylbis(diphenylphosphane), Fc = (eta(5)-C(5)H(5))Fe(eta(5)-C(5)H(4))), is covalently modified with the molecular adapter, HS(CH(2))(10)COOH, for binding to a Au surface. Preparation and characterization of the films by AFM, XPS, and electrochemical techniques are reported. Cyclic voltammetric techniques are used to assess film growth, coverage and uniformity, effects of thiol diluents on areal densities of the complex, and stabilities of the accessible redox states. Amperometric techniques are used to investigate the efficiency of both chemical and electrochemical oxidation in producing the mixed-valence dication on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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Lambert C, Nöll G. Tuning of intervalence charge transfer energies by substituents in one-dimensional bis(triarylamine) systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b207736a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nunes CD, Santos TM, Carapuça HM, Hazell A, Pillinger M, Madureira J, Xue WM, Kühn FE, Gonçalves IS. Synthesis and characterisation of ruthenium(ii) complexes containing ferrocenyl-derived ligands. NEW J CHEM 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b204002f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Che CM, Xia BH, Huang JS, Chan CK, Zhou ZY, Cheung KK. Photoluminescent metal-sulfur clusters derived from tetrathiometalates: metal-to-metal charge-transfer excited states of d0-d10 heterobimetallic sulfido clusters with bulky phosphine ligands. Chemistry 2001; 7:3998-4006. [PMID: 11596942 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20010917)7:18<3998::aid-chem3998>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of MS4(2-) (M = Mo, W) with M'(PCy3)X (M'=Ag/Au, X= ClO4/Cl) and [Cu2(dcpm)2(MeCN)2](ClO4)2 (dcpm = bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)methane) afforded heterometallic sulfido clusters [M'2(PCy3)2(MS4)] (M=Mo, M'=Au: 2; M=W, M'=Ag: 3, Au: 4) and [Cu4(dcpm)4(MS4)](ClO4)2 (M=Mo: 5 x (ClO4)2, W: 6 x (ClO4)2), all of which, except 4, have been characterized by X-ray structure determination. Clusters 5 x(ClO4)2 and 6 x (ClO4)2 feature unusual 16-membered [Cu4P5C4] metallamacrocycles formed on the respective tetrathiometalate anion templates and have unusually long Cu-S bonds and Cu...M distances for metal sulfur clusters that contain a saddle-shaped [Cu4MS4] core. Low-energy absorption bands are observed in their electronic spectra at approximately 562 and 467 nm, respectively, assignable to MMCT transitions; quasireversible reduction waves are observed with E(1/2) = -1.43 (52+) and -1.78 V (62+) versus FeCp2(0/+); and they are emissive either in the solid state or in solution. The emission of 6(2+) can be quenched by both electron acceptors, such as methylviologen, or electron donors, such as aromatic amines, with the excited state reduction potential E(62+*/6+) estimated to be approximately 1.13V versus a normal hydrogen electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Che
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong.
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