Preparation and characterization of [[M(dmb)2]TCNQ.xTCNQo]n polymers (M=Cu,Ag; dmb = 1,8-diisocyano-p-menthane; x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5; TCNQ = 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane) and design of new semi- and photoconducting organometallic materials

DFT investigations of AgMC7H10N2 (M = Cl, Br, and I) metal organic molecules: NMR, optoelectronic, and transport properties

The full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method was used for the calculation of the structural, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), optoelectronic, and thermoelectric properties of AgMC₇H₁₀N₂ (M = Cl, Br, and I) compounds. The calculated wide band gap of AgMC₇H₁₀N₂ (M = Cl, Br, and I) metal organic molecules with the density of states approach were 3.32, 3.29, and 3.10 eV, respectively. The NMR parameters are calculated for the Ag, Cl, Br, I, C, N, O, and H elements. It is found that by decreasing bandgap, the isotropic NMR chemical shielding values of Cl, Br, and I elements increase. The strong hybridization of Ag-4d, Cl-3p, Br-4p, and I-5p states are observed at the top of the valence band. The birefringence and anisotropic properties are observed in the optical spectra with high plasmon energies, and the figure of merit, ZT, of 0.98 for AgCl(C₇H₁₀N₂) compound is found at 300 K. Hence, these compounds are attractive flexible metal organic molecules for optoelectronic and transport applications.

Organometallic Fragments Coordinated to a Multiisocyanide Ligand and Their Physical Properties

Preparation of a triisocyanide ligand, 1,3,5-tris[(4-isocyano-3,5-diisoproyl-phenyl)ethynyl]benzene (5), is presented. Ligand 5 is obtained in three steps in 76% overall yield. Reaction of 5 with (eta5-Cp*)Rh(Cabs,s')(Cabs,s'= 1,2-S2C2B10H10-S,S') produced the rhodadithiolene adduct [[(eta5-Cp*)Rh(Cabs,s')(CNC6H2iPr2-2,6-CC-3)]3C6H3-1,3,5] (6). Ligand 5 reacts with Cr(CO)5(THF) to give the triisocyanide complex [[Cr(CO)5(CNC6H2iPr2-2,6-CC-3)]3C6H3-1,3,5] (8) and with [AuCl(SMe2)] to give the triisocyanide complex [[AuCl(CNC6H2iPr2-2,6-CC-3)]3C6H3-1,3,5] (9). As revealed by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study, the C(9)-N(3)-C(61) angle of 5.9 degrees of trichromium complex 8 occurs in the plane of the bridge and the gold center has a slightly bent linear configuration with a Cl(1)-Au(1)-C(21) angle of 175.4(4) degrees . The rhenation and platination of 5 employing [Re(bpy)(CO)3(AN)]PF6 (AN= acetonitrile) and [(CwedgeNwedgeN)PtCl] ((HCwedgeNwedgeN)= 6-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine) yielded the luminescent Re(I) and Pt(II) complexes. Full characterization includes structural study of complexes 2, 8, and 9.

Synthesis of 1D {Cu6(μ3-SC3H6N2)4(μ-SC3H6N2)2(μ-I)2I4}n and 3D {Cu2(μ-SC3H6N2)2(μ-SCN)2}n Polymers with 1,3-Imidazolidine-2-thione: Bond Isomerism in Polymers

The reaction of copper(I) iodide with 1, 3-imidazolidine-2-thione (SC3H6N2) in a 1:2 molar ratio (M/L) has formed unusual 1D polymers, {Cu6(mu3-SC3H6N2)4(mu-SC3H6N2)2(mu-I)2I4}n (1) and {Cu6(mu3-SC3H6N2)2(mu-SC3H6N2)4(mu-I)4I2}n (1a). A similar reaction with copper(I) bromide has formed a polymer {Cu6(mu3-SC3H6N2)2(mu-SC3H6N2)4(mu-Br)4Br2}n (3a), similar to 1a, along with a dimer, {Cu2(mu-SC3H6N2)2(eta1-SC3H6N2)2Br2} (3). Copper(I) chloride behaved differently, and only an unsymmetrical dimer, {Cu2(mu-SC3H6N2)(eta1-SC3H6N2)3Cl2} (4), was formed. Finally, reactions of copper(I) thiocyanate in 1:1 or 1:2 molar ratios yielded a 3D polymer, {Cu2(mu-SC3H6N2)2(mu-SCN)2}n (2). Crystal data: 1, C9H18Cu3I3N6S3, triclinic, P, a = 9.6646(11) A, b = 10.5520(13) A, c = 12.6177(15) A, alpha = 107.239(2) degrees , beta = 99.844(2) degrees , gamma = 113.682(2) degrees , V = 1061.8(2) A(3), Z = 2, R = 0.0333; 2, C(4)H(6)CuN(3)S(2), monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 7.864(3) A, b = 14.328(6) A, c = 6.737(2) A, beta = 100.07(3) degrees , V = 747.4(5), Z = 4, R = 0.0363; 3, C12H24Br2Cu2N8S4, monoclinic, C2/c, a = 19.420(7) A, b = 7.686(3) A, c = 16.706(6) A, beta = 115.844(6) degrees , V = 2244.1(14) A(3), Z = 4, R = 0.0228; 4, C12H24Cl2Cu2N8S4, monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 7.4500(6) A, b = 18.4965(15) A, c = 16.2131(14) A, beta = 95.036(2) degrees , V = 2225.5(3) A(3), Z = 4, R = 0.0392. The 3D polymer 2 exhibits 20-membered metallacyclic rings in its structure, while synthesis of linear polymers, 1 and 1a, represents an unusual example of I (1a)-S (1) bond isomerism.

Versatility of Dithiophosphates in the Syntheses of Copper(I) Complexes with Bis(diphenylphosphino)alkanes: Abstraction of Chloride from Dichloromethane

Reactions of [Cu(CH(3)CN)(4)]X (X = PF(6), BF(4)) with bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm = Ph(2)PCH(2)PPh(2)) and ammonium dialkyldithiophosphates, (NH(4))[S(2)P(OR)(2)] (R = Et, (i)Pr), yield a series of novel Cu(I) polynuclear complexes, trinuclear [Cu(3)(mu-dppm)(3)(mu(3)-Cl){S(2)P(OEt)(2)}] (PF(6)) 1 and [Cu(3)(mu-dppm)(2){S(2)P(OR)(2)}(2)](PF(6)) (R = Et, 2; (i)Pr, 3), tetranuclear [Cu(4)(mu-dppm)(2) {S(2)P(OEt)(2)}(4)] 4, and hexanuclear [Cu(6)(mu-dppm)(2)(mu(4)-Cl){S(2)P(O(i)()Pr)(2)}(4)](BF(4)) 5. Similarly, the reaction of [Cu(2)(mu-L-L)(2)(CH(3)CN)(2)](PF(6))(2) (L-L, dppm, dppe = Ph(2)PCH(2)CH(2)PPh(2)) with (NH(4))[S(2)P(OR)(2)] yields dinuclear [Cu(2)(mu-dppm)(2){S(2)P(OR)(2)}(2)] 6 (R= (i)Pr, 6A; Et, 6B), trinuclear [Cu(3)(mu-dppe)(3)(mu-Cl)(2){S(2)P(O(i)Pr)(2)}] 9, and polymeric [Cu(mu(2)-dppe){S(2)P(OR)(2)}](n) (R = Et, 7; (i)Pr, 8) complexes. The formation of 1 and 5 involved the abstraction of chloride from dichloromethane when the Cu/S(2)P(OR)(2) ratio exceeded 1, but when ratio was 1:1, no Cl abstraction occurred, as in compound 4. Compound 9, however, was obtained as a 12% byproduct in the synthesis of 8 using a 1:1:1 ratio of Cu/dppe/S(2)P(O(i)Pr)(2). The chloride binds to Cu atoms in a mu(3)-Cl mode by capping one face of the Cu(3) triangle of cluster 1. A mu(4)-Cl caps a single tetragonal face of the trigonal prism of cluster 5, and in the cluster 9, two chlorides bond in mu(2)-Cl modes. Both clusters 2 and 3 exhibit the mu(3)-S mode of bonding for dtp ligands. Only cluster 5 exhibited close Cu...Cu contacts (2.997-3.0238 A). All of compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and pertinent crystallographic data for 1, 5, and 9 are are follows: (1) C(79)H(76)ClCu(3)F(6)O(2)P(8)S(2), triclinic, P, a = 11.213(1) A, b = 14.142(1) A, c = 25.910(2) A, alpha = 95.328(2) degrees , beta = 99.594(2) degrees , gamma = 102.581(2) degrees , V = 3918.2(6) A(3), Z = 2; (5) C(74)H(100)BClCu(6)F(4)O(8)P(8)S(8), monoclinic, P2(1)/n, a = 25.198(4) A, b = 15.990(3) A, c = 25.421(4) A, beta = 106.027(3) degrees , V = 9845(3)A(3), Z = 4; (9) C(84)H(86)Cl(2)Cu(3)O(2)P(7)S(2), monoclinic, C2/c, with a = 24.965(3) A, b = 17.058(2) A, c = 20.253(2) A, beta = 95.351(4) degrees , V = 8587.4(17)A(3), Z = 4.

Mixed-Ligand Organometallic Polymers Containing the “Pd2(dmb)22+” Fragment: Properties of the {Pd2(dmb)2(diphos)2+}n Polymers/Oligomers in Solution and in the Solid State

The 1:1 reaction between the d(9)-d(9) Pd(2)(dmb)(2)Cl(2) complex (dmb = 1,8-diisocyano-p-menthane) and the diphosphine ligands (diphos) bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (5, dppb), bis(diphenylphosphino)pentane (6, dpppen), bis(diphenylphosphino)hexane (7, dpph), and bis(diphenylphosphino)acetylene (8, dpa) in the presence of LiClO(4) leads to the [[Pd(2)(dmb)(2)(diphos)](ClO(4))(2)](n) polymers. These new materials are characterized by NMR ((1)H, (13)C, (31)P), IR, Raman, and UV-vis spectroscopies (466 < lambda(max)(dsigma-dsigma*) < 480 nm), by ATG, XRD, and DSC methods, and by the capacity to make stand-alone films. From the measurements of the intrinsic viscosity in acetonitrile, the M(n) ranges from 16000 to 18400 (12 to 16 units). The dinuclear model complex [Pd(2)(dmb)(2)(PPh(3))(2)](ClO(4))(2) (4) is prepared and investigated as well. The molecular dynamic of the title polymers in acetonitrile solution is investigated by means of (13)C spin-lattice relaxation time (T(1)) and nuclear Overhauser enhancement methods (NOE). The number of units determined by T(1)/NOE methods is 3 to 4 times less than that found from the measurements of intrinsic viscosity, and is due to flexibility in the polymer backbone, even for bridging ligands containing only one (dmb) or two C-C single bonds (dpa). During the course of this study, the starting material Pd(2)(dmb)(2)Cl(2) was reinvestigated after evidence for oligomers in the MALDI-TOF spectrum was noticed. In solution, this d(9)-d(9) species is a binuclear complex (T(1)/NOE). This result suggests that the structure of the title polymers in solution and in the solid state may not be the same either. Finally, these polymers are strongly luminescent in PrCN glasses at 77 K, and the photophysical data (emission lifetimes, 1.50 < tau(e) < 2.75 ns; quantum yields, 0.026 < Phi(e) < 0.17) are presented. X-ray data for [Pd(2)(dppe)(2)(dmb)(2)](PF(6))(4): monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 24.3735 A, b = 21.8576(13) A, c = 18.0034(9) A, b = 119.775(1) degrees, V = 8325.0(8) A(3), Z = 4.

Preparation and Solid-State Characterization of Mixed-Ligand Coordination/Organometallic Oligomers and Polymers of Copper(I) and Silver(I) Using Diphosphine and Mono- and Diisocyanide Ligands

The dimers [Cu(2)(dppm)(2)(CN-t-Bu)(3)](BF(4))(2) and [Ag(2)(dppm)(2)(CN-t-Bu)(2)](X)(2) (X(-) = BF(4)(-), ClO(4)(-)) and the coordination polymers [[M(diphos)(CN-t-Bu)(2)]BF(4)](n) (M = Cu, Ag; diphos = bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (dppb), bis(diphenylphosphino)pentane (dpppen), bis(diphenylphosphino)hexane (dpph)), [[Ag(2)(dppb)(3)(CN-t-Bu)(2)](BF(4))(2)](n), and [[Ag(dpppen)(CN-t-Bu)]BF(4)](n) have been synthesized and fully characterized as model materials for the mixed bridging ligand polymers which exhibit the general formula [[M(diphos)(dmb)]BF(4)](n) (M = Cu, Ag; dmb = 1,8-diisocyano-p-menthane) and [[Ag(dppm)(dmb)]ClO(4)](n). The identity of four polymers ([[Ag(dppb)(CN-t-Bu)(x)]BF(4)](n) (x = 1, 2), [[Ag(2)(dppb)(3)(CN-t-Bu)(2)](BF(4))(2)](n), [[Ag(dppm)(dmb)]ClO(4)](n)) and the two dimers has been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The structure of [[Ag(dppm)(dmb)]ClO(4)](n) exhibits an unprecedented 1-D chain of the type "[Ag(dmb)(2)Ag(dppm)(2)(2+)](n)", where d(Ag(.)Ag) values between tetrahedral Ag atoms are 4.028(1) and 9.609(1) A for the dppm and dmb bridged units, respectively. The [[Ag(dppb)(CN-t-Bu)(x)]BF(4)](n) polymers (x = 1, 2) form zigzag chains in which the Ag atoms are tri- and tetracoordinated, respectively. The [[Ag(2)(dppb)(3)(CN-t-Bu)(2)](BF(4))(2)](n) polymer, which is produced from the rearrangement of [[Ag(dppb)(CN-t-Bu)(2)]BF(4)](n), forms a 2-D structure described as a "honeycomb" pattern, where large [Ag(dppb)(+)](6) macrocycles each hosting two counterions and two acetonitrile guest molecules are observed. Properties such as glass transition temperature, morphology, thermal decomposition, and luminescence in the solid state at 293 K are reported. The luminescence bands exhibit maxima between 475 and 500 nm with emission lifetimes ranging between 6 and 55 micros. These emissions are assigned to a metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) of the type M(I) --> pi(NC)/pi(PPh(2)).

Organometallic Oligomers Based on 1,8-Diisocyano-p-menthane (dmb): Syntheses and Characterization of the {[M(diphos)(dmb)]BF4}n and {[Pd2(diphos)2(dmb)](ClO4)2}n Materials (M = Cu, Ag; diphos = dppe, dppp)

A new strategy to synthesize organometallic oligomers is presented and consists of using the title diisocyanide and chelated metal fragments with bis(diphenylphosphine)alkanes. The title materials are synthesized by reacting the [M(dppe)(BF4)] and [M2(dppp)2](BF4)2 complexes (M = Cu, Ag; dppe = bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, dppp = bis(diphenylphosphino)propane) with dmb and the Pd2-bonded d9-d9 Pd2(dmb)2Cl2 dimer with dppe or dppp. The model compounds [M(diphos)(CN-t-Bu)2]BF4 (M = Cu, Ag) and [Pd2(diphos)2(CN-t-Bu)2](ClO4)2 (diphos = dppe, dppp) have been prepared and characterized as well for comparison purposes. Three of the model compounds were also characterized by X-ray crystallography to establish the diphosphine chelating behavior. The materials are amorphous and have been characterized from the measurements of the intrinsic viscosity, DSC, TGA, and XRD, as well as their capacity for making stand-alone films. The intrinsic viscosity data indicate that the Cu and Pd2 materials are oligomeric in solution (approximately 8-9 units), while the Ag materials are smaller. For [[Cu(dppe)(dmb)]BF4]n, a glass transition is reproducibly observed at about 82 degrees C (DeltaCp = 0.43 J/(g deg)), which suggests that these materials are polymeric in the solid state. The Cu and Ag species are luminescent in the solid state at room temperature exhibiting lambda(max) and tau(e) (emission lifetime) around 480-550 nm and 18-48 micros, respectively, while the Pd2 species are not luminescent under these conditions. During the course of this study, the unsaturated [M2(dppp)2](BF4)2 starting materials (M = Cu, Ag) were prepared, one of which (M = Ag) was characterized by crystallography. The bridging behavior of the dppp ligand in this case contrasts with the chelating behavior seen for the saturated [Cu(dppp)(CN-t-Bu)2]BF4 complex.

Wide-rim functionalization of calix[4]arene: The di- and tetraisocyanocalix[4]arene assembling ligands and their silver(I) polymers and oligomers

The 5,11- and 5,17-diisocyano-25,26,27,28-tetra-n-propoxycalix[4]arene bridging ligands (calix(NC)2) have been prepared in four steps with 34 and 30% global yields, respectively. Their corresponding Ag(I) complexes have been prepared from the direct reaction of the ligand with AgBF4 and are characterized from various spectroscopic and physical techniques. The MALDI-TOF spectra indicate the presence of polymers or oligomers of the type {Ag(calix(NC)2)(BF4)}n. The compounds have been characterized further from TGA, DSC, and XRD and compared with the oligomeric species 5,11,17,23-tetraisocyano-25,26,27,28-tetra-n-propoxycalix[4]arene silver(I) (as a BF4– salt).Key words: silver, calix[4]arene, polymer, isocyanide, photosensitive, thermal gravimetric analysis.

Proof of Innocence for the Quintessential Noninnocent Ligand TCNQ in Its Tetranuclear Complex with Four [fac-Re(CO)3(bpy)]+ Groups: Unusually Different Reactivity of the TCNX Ligands (TCNX = TCNE, TCNQ, TCNB)

The reactions of [fac-Re(CO)(3)(bpy)(MeOH)](PF(6)), bpy = 2.2'-bipyridine, with the TCNX ligands (TCNE = tetracyanoethene, TCNQ = 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane, and TCNB = 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene) in CH(2)Cl(2) gave very different results. No reaction was observed with TCNB whereas TCNE produced very labile intermediates which converted under mild conditions to structurally characterized [(mu-CN)[fac-Re(CO)(3)(bpy)](2)](PF(6)) with an eclipsed conformation relative to the almost linear Re-CN-Re axis (Re-N(NC) 2.134(8) A, Re-C(CN) 2.098(8) A). With TCNQ, a stable tetranuclear complex [(mu(4)-TCNQ)[Re(CO)(3)(bpy)](4)](BF(4))(4) was obtained. Its structural, electrochemical, and spectroscopic analysis indicates only negligible charge transfer from the rhenium(I) centers to the extremely strong pi acceptor TCNQ. Evidence includes a calculated charge of only -0.09 for coordinated TCNQ according to the empirical structure/charge correlation of Kistenmacher, a high-energy nitrile stretching band nu(CN) = 2235 cm(-1), and unprecedented large anodic shifts >0.7 V of the reduction potentials. DFT calculations were used to confirm and explain the absence of electron delocalization from the electron-rich metals to the TCNQ acceptor bridge. Correspondingly, the X-band and high-frequency (285 GHz) EPR data (g = 2.007) as well as the IR and UV-vis-NIR spectroelectrochemical results (marginal nu(CO) shifts, TCNQ(*-) chromophore bands) support the almost exclusive confinement of the added electron in [(mu(4)-TCNQ)[Re(CO)(3)(bpy)](4)](3+) to the TCNQ bridge.

Copper-selenium interactions: influence of alkane spacer and halide anion in the synthesis of unusual polynuclear copper(I) complexes with bis(diphenylselenophosphinyl)alkanes

The reactions of copper(I) halides with bis(diphenylselenophosphinyl)alkanes, namely Ph(2)P(Se)-(CH(2))(n)-P(Se)Ph(2) [n = 1-4], in acetonitrile are described. The ligand 1,3-bis(diphenylselenophosphinyl)propane [dppp-Se,Se] with copper(I) bromide and copper(I) iodide formed two unusual infinite coordination polymers, namely [Cu(2)Br(2)(mu(2)-dppp-Se-Se)(2)](n), 1, and [Cu(3)I(3)(mu(2)-dppp-Se,Se)(2)](n), 2. Selenium bridged dinuclear complexes, [Cu(2)Br(2)((mu(3)-dppm-Se,Se)(2)], 3, and [Cu(2)I(2)(dppm-Se,Se)(2)], 4, were formed using 1,1-bis(diphenylselenophosphinyl)methane [dppm-Se,Se]. Similarly, 1,2-bis(diphenylselenophosphinyl)ethane [dppe-Se,Se] and 1,4-bis(diphenylselenophosphinyl)butane [dppb-Se,Se] formed complexes, Cu(2)Br(2)(dppe-Se,Se)(2), 5, and Cu(2)I(2)(dppb-Se,Se), 6. These have been characterized with the help of analytical data, infrared spectroscopy, and, for compounds 1-3, X-ray crystallography. Compound 2, [Cu(3)I(3(dppp-Se,Se)(2)](n), has two dppp-Se,Se molecules coordinating to two copper(I) atoms of the dinuclear Cu(mu-I)(2)Cu core in unidentate fashion, with two pendant Ph(2)P(Se)- moieties in trans orientation, and one of these groups is coordinated to another copper(I) iodide moiety, thus forming the repeat unit (A), -CuI(mu-dppp-Se,Se)Cu(mu-I)(2)Cu(mu-dppp-Se,Se)-. This repeat unit (A) combined with another unit, and this process continued and finally formed the infinite polymer 2. In this polymer, the mononuclear CuISe(2) and dinuclear Cu(2)(mu-I)(2)Se(2) cores have distorted trigonal planar geometries around Cu centers. The Cu(2)...Cu(2)* separation of 2.643(1) A is less than twice the van der Waals radius of Cu, 2.80 A. The structure of polymer 1 is similar to that of 2, except that it has only mononuclear trigonal planar CuBrSe(2) units bridged by Se atoms of dppp-Se,Se ligand, and the repeat unit is -CuBr(mu(2)-dppp-Se,Se)CuBr(mu(2)(-)dppp-Se,Se)-. The formation of zigzag one-dimensional copper(I) coordination polymers (1 and 2), with trigonal planar copper(I) centers, provides the first examples of this type in tertiary phosphine chalcogenide chemistry. In contrast, the decrease in methylene chain length, from -(CH(2))(3)- to -(CH(2))-, resulted in chelation by the dppm-Se,Se ligand, forming CuBr(dppm-Se,Se), which dimerized via Se donor atoms and formed [Cu(2)Br(2)(mu(3)-dppm-Se,Se)(2)], 3. It has a relatively less common central kernel, Cu(mu-Se)(2)Cu, and each Cu atom is further bonded to one terminal Br and one Se atoms, and the geometry around each Cu center is distorted tetrahedral (bond angles, ca. 101-121 degrees).

Characterization of the [Ag(dmb)(2)(+)](n) oligomers (dmb = 1,8-diisocyano-p-menthane) in solution

The crystallographically characterized polymers [[Ag(dmb)(2)]Y](n) (Y = BF(4)(-), NO(3)(-), ClO(4)(-)) extensively dissociate in solution, contrarily to the Cu analogue, and common molecular weight determination techniques such as light scattering, osmometric, and intrinsic viscosity measurements fail to provide data allowing full characterization. Using pulsed NMR experiments, notably (13)C NMR T(1) (spin lattice relaxation time) and NOE (nuclear Overhauser enhancement) measurements on various ionic [[Ag(dmb)(2)]Y](n) materials (Y = BF(4)(-), NO(3)(-), ClO(4)(-)) and their related mononuclear [Ag (CN-t-Bu)(4)]Y salts in acetonitrile-d(3) (as comparative standards), the dipole-dipole spin lattice relaxation times (T(1)(DD)) of a selected quaternary (13)C probe are measured. These data allow us to extract the correlation times (tau(c)), which in turn permit us to estimate the volume of the tumbling species in solution. The comparison of the data between the [Ag(dmb)(2)(+)](n) and Ag(CN-t-Bu)(4)(+) species indicates the oligomeric nature of the former species, where the average number of Ag(dmb)(2)(+) approximately 8 (M(n) approximately 4000-5000).