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Effects of Water Content and Irrigation of Packing Materials on the Performance of Biofilters and Biotrickling Filters: A Review. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10071304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilters (BFs) and biotrickling filters (BTFs) are two types of bioreactors used for treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Both BFs and BTFs use packing materials in which various microorganisms are immobilised. The water phase in BFs is stationary and used to maintain the humidity of packing materials, while BTFs have a mobile liquid phase. Optimisation of irrigation of packing materials is crucial for effective performance of BFs and BTFs. A literature review is presented on the influence of water content of packing materials on the biofiltration efficiency of various pollutants. Different configurations of BFs and BTFs and their influence on moisture distribution in packing materials were discussed. The review also presents various packing materials and their irrigation control strategies applied in recent biofiltration studies. The sources of this review included recent research articles from scientific journals and several review articles discussing BFs and BTFs.
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Markthaler S, Plankenbühler T, Miederer J, Kolb S, Herkendell K, Karl J. Combined Two-Model CFD Simulation of Trickle Bed Reactors with Head-Sump Extension: Case Study on Hydrodynamics and Biological Methanation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Markthaler
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Chair of Energy Process Engineering, Fürther Straße 244f, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Plankenbühler
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Chair of Energy Process Engineering, Fürther Straße 244f, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Miederer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Chair of Energy Process Engineering, Fürther Straße 244f, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kolb
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Chair of Energy Process Engineering, Fürther Straße 244f, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Herkendell
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Chair of Energy Process Engineering, Fürther Straße 244f, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Karl
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Chair of Energy Process Engineering, Fürther Straße 244f, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
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Xie L, Zhu J, Hu J, Jiang C. Study of the Mass Transfer–Biodegradation Kinetics in a Pilot-Scale Biotrickling Filter for the Removal of H 2S. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Jundong Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Chongwen Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
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Abstract
Bacterial communities’ composition, activity and robustness determines the effectiveness of biofiltration units for the desulfurization of biogas. It is therefore important to get a better understanding of the bacterial communities that coexist in biofiltration units under different operational conditions for the removal of H2S, the main reduced sulfur compound to eliminate in biogas. This review presents the main characteristics of sulfur-oxidizing chemotrophic bacteria that are the base of the biological transformation of H2S to innocuous products in biofilters. A survey of the existing biofiltration technologies in relation to H2S elimination is then presented followed by a review of the microbial ecology studies performed to date on biotrickling filter units for the treatment of H2S in biogas under aerobic and anoxic conditions.
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Lin S, Mackey HR, Hao T, Guo G, van Loosdrecht MCM, Chen G. Biological sulfur oxidation in wastewater treatment: A review of emerging opportunities. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 143:399-415. [PMID: 29986249 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sulfide prevails in both industrial and municipal waste streams and is one of the most troublesome issues with waste handling. Various technologies and strategies have been developed and used to deal with sulfide for decades, among which biological means make up a considerable portion due to their low operation requirements and flexibility. Sulfur bacteria play a vital role in these biotechnologies. In this article, conventional biological approaches dealing with sulfide and functional microorganisms are systematically reviewed. Linking the sulfur cycle with other nutrient cycles such as nitrogen or phosphorous, and with continued focus of waste remediation by sulfur bacteria, has led to emerging biotechnologies. Furthermore, opportunities for energy harvest and resource recovery based on sulfur bacteria are also discussed. The electroactivity of sulfur bacteria indicates a broad perspective of sulfur-based bioelectrochemical systems in terms of bioelectricity production and bioelectrochemical synthesis. The considerable PHA accumulation, high yield and anoxygenic growth conditions in certain phototrophic sulfur bacteria could provide an interesting alternative for bioplastic production. In this review, new merits of biological sulfide oxidation from a traditional environmental management perspective as well as a waste to resource perspective are presented along with their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hamish R Mackey
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Gang Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Derivation of an Upscaled Model for Mass Transfer and Reaction for Non-Food Starch Conversion to Bioethanol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2016-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this paper, we derive mathematical models for mass transfer and reaction taking place in first-generation bioreactors to convert non-food starch into bioethanol. Given the hierarchical nature of the system, we identified three scale levels ranging from inside bagasse fibers (the pore scale) where the reaction occurs, up to the bioreactor itself (macroscopic scale) where the various products obtained from this reaction are monitored. We derive a macroscopic model at the reactor scale by systematically upscaling the relevant information from the pore scale using the method of volume averaging. A salient feature of the model is that the effective medium coefficients involved are predicted by solving ancillary closure problems in representative unit cells of the different levels of scale. The predictions of the model in terms of CO2 production as well as cellular growth were validated with a close agreement with available experimental data. This work enhances our understanding of the relevance of transport phenomena taking place at the different scales in a bioreactor and may become an aid in design and operation applications of bioethanol production systems.
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Dynamic mathematical modelling of the removal of hydrophilic VOCs by biotrickling filters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:746-66. [PMID: 25594779 PMCID: PMC4306890 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120100746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A mathematical model for the simulation of the removal of hydrophilic compounds using biotrickling filtration was developed. The model takes into account that biotrickling filters operate by using an intermittent spraying pattern. During spraying periods, a mobile liquid phase was considered, while during non-spraying periods, a stagnant liquid phase was considered. The model was calibrated and validated with data from laboratory- and industrial-scale biotrickling filters. The laboratory experiments exhibited peaks of pollutants in the outlet of the biotrickling filter during spraying periods, while during non-spraying periods, near complete removal of the pollutant was achieved. The gaseous outlet emissions in the industrial biotrickling filter showed a buffered pattern; no peaks associated with spraying or with instantaneous variations of the flow rate or inlet emissions were observed. The model, which includes the prediction of the dissolved carbon in the water tank, has been proven as a very useful tool in identifying the governing processes of biotrickling filtration.
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Deng W, Cardenas MB, Kirk MF, Altman SJ, Bennett PC. Effect of permeable biofilm on micro- and macro-scale flow and transport in bioclogged pores. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:11092-11098. [PMID: 23971830 DOI: 10.1021/es402596v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Simulations of coupled flow around and inside biofilms in pores were conducted to study the effect of porous biofilm on micro- and macro-scale flow and transport. The simulations solved the Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the Brinkman equation representing flow in the pore space and biofilm, respectively, and the advection-diffusion equation. Biofilm structure and distribution were obtained from confocal microscope images. The bulk permeability (k) of bioclogged porous media depends on biofilm permeability (kbr) following a sigmoidal curve on a log-log scale. The upper and lower limits of the curve are the k of biofilm-free media and of bioclogged media with impermeable biofilms, respectively. On the basis of this, a model is developed that predicts k based solely on kbr and biofilm volume ratio. The simulations show that kbr has a significant impact on the shear stress distribution, and thus potentially affects biofilm erosion and detachment. The sensitivity of flow fields to kbr directly translated to effects on the transport fields by affecting the relative distribution of where advection and diffusion dominated. Both kbr and biofilm volume ratio affect the shape of breakthrough curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Deng
- Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas, United States
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Ruiz HA, Rodríguez-Jasso RM, Rodríguez R, Contreras-Esquivel JC, Aguilar CN. Pectinase production from lemon peel pomace as support and carbon source in solid-state fermentation column-tray bioreactor. Biochem Eng J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wang Y, Chen J, Larachi F. Modelling and simulation of trickle-bed reactors using computational fluid dynamics: A state-of-the-art review. CAN J CHEM ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.20702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Intermittent trickling bed filter for the removal of methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2011; 35:579-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-011-0631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yang C, Chen H, Zeng G, Yu G, Luo S. Biomass accumulation and control strategies in gas biofiltration. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:531-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Sempere F, Gabaldón C, Martínez-Soria V, Marzal P, Penya-roja JM, Javier Álvarez-Hornos F. Performance evaluation of a biotrickling filter treating a mixture of oxygenated VOCs during intermittent loading. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 73:1533-1539. [PMID: 18848344 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Revised: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 08/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory scale-studies on the biodegradation of a 1:1:1 weight mixture of three oxygenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ethanol, ethyl acetate, and methyl-ethyl ketone (MEK) in a biotrickling filter (BTF) were carried out using two identically sized columns, filled with different polypropylene rings. The performance of the BTFs was examined for a period of 10 months applying several operational strategies. Similar performance was obtained for both supports. Intermittent flow rate of trickling liquid was shown beneficial to improve the removal efficiency (RE). Continuous feeding of VOC resulted in an excessive accumulation of biomass so high pressure drop was developed in less than 20-30 d of operation. Intermittent VOC loading with night and weekend feed cut-off periods passing dry air, but without addition of water, was shown as a successful operational mode to control the thickness of the biofilm. In this case, operation at high inlet loads (ILs) was extended for more than 75 d maintaining high REs and low pressure drops. Outlet emission concentrations lower than 100 mg Cm(-3) were obtained for ILs up to 100 g Cm(-3)h(-1) working at 15s of empty bed residence time. The most easily biodegradable compounds ethanol and ethyl acetate were used primarily than MEK. After a 3-wk-starvation period, the system performance was almost restored since the first d of operation, being the removal of the less biodegradable compound, MEK, partially deteriorated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feliu Sempere
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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14
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Laboratory study of the clogging process and factors affecting clogging in a tailings dam. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00254-007-0873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Dynamics of cells attachment, aggregation, growth and detachment in trickle-bed bioreactors. Chem Eng Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2006.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Simulating simultaneous fines deposition under catalytic hydrodesulfurization in hydrotreating trickle beds—does bed plugging affect HDS performance? Chem Eng Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2005.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Iliuta I, Larachi F. Modeling simultaneous biological clogging and physical plugging in trickle-bed bioreactors for wastewater treatment. Chem Eng Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2004.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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