Reply to “Comment on the Removal Mechanism of Hexavalent Chromium by Biomaterials or Biomaterial-Based Activated Carbons” (Comment on “Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Aqueous Solution Using Low-Cost Activated Carbons Derived from Agricultural Waste Materials and Activated Carbon Fabric Cloth”)

Role of Iron Anode Oxidation on Transformation of Chromium by Electrolysis

The potential for chemical reduction of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in contaminated water and formation of a stable precipitate by Zero Valent Iron (ZVI) anode electrolysis is evaluated in separated electrodes system. Oxidation of iron electrodes produces ferrous ions causing the development of a reducing environment in the anolyte, chemical reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and formation of stable iron-chromium precipitates. Cr(VI) transformation rates are dependent on the applied electric current density. Increasing the electric current increases the transformation rates; however, the process is more efficient under lower volumetric current density (for example 1.5 mA L(-1) in this study). The transformation follows a zero order rate that is dependent on the electric current density. Cr(VI) transformation occurs in the anolyte when the electrodes are separated as well as when the electrolytes (anolyte/catholyte) are mixed, as used in electrocoagulation. The study shows that the transformation occurs in the anolyte as a result of ferrous ion formation and the product is a stable Fe(15)Cr(5)(OH)(60) precipitate.