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Mhammedsharif RM, Jalil PJ, Piro N, Salih Mohammed A, Aspoukeh PK. Myco-generated and analysis of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles using Aspergillus elegans extract: A comparative evaluation with a traditional chemical approach. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31352. [PMID: 38828346 PMCID: PMC11140620 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, nanotechnology has emerged as one of the most interesting and cutting-edge research areas across all disciplines. Nanotechnology allows progress in all science fields to make novel materials and industry-different devices. Generally, nanoparticle synthesis methods are chemical, physical, and biological. The chemical and physical techniques use potentially harmful compounds, and the expense of these processes renders them unsuitable for nanoparticle synthesis. In light of this, it needs development strategies that are sustainable, economical, and eco-friendly viable. Through, biosynthesis, nanoparticles can overcome these disadvantages. One of the biological strategies is the myco-synthesis method, which connects the fields of mycology and nanotechnology. In this study, magnetite (Fe3O4) NPs have been synthesized using a myco-synthesis method by selecting Aspergillus elegans as a fungal species. Two extracts were used, growth medium and an aqueous extract. A comparative analysis between nanoparticles synthesized through myco-synthesis and those produced using conventional chemical methods has been conducted to substantiate the significance of the biological approach. The results of this study unequivocally establish that myco-synthesized nanoparticles exhibit superior and enhanced characteristics compared to those synthesized through chemical means, as ascertained through a comprehensive array of characterization techniques employed throughout the investigation. This contrast is observable in terms of the aggregation state, the existence of capping and stabilizing agents enveloping the nanoparticles, their magnetic and thermal attributes, and the enduring stability of these nanoparticles. These results highlight the significant promise of employing phytochemicals extracted from Aspergillus elegans as a highly suitable option for the biofabrication of Fe3O4 nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parwin Jalal Jalil
- Scientific Research Centre, Soran University, Soran, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Nzar Piro
- Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Soran University, Soran, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Salih Mohammed
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Peyman K. Aspoukeh
- Scientific Research Centre, Soran University, Soran, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Thakur R, Arora V. Comprehensive review on polymeric and metal nanoparticles: possible therapeutic avenues. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2022.2105331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raneev Thakur
- UIPS, Chandigarh University Mohali, Mohali, Punjab, India
- Government College of Pharmacy Rohru, Shimla, HP, India
| | - Vimal Arora
- UIPS, Chandigarh University Mohali, Mohali, Punjab, India
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Kulkarni A, Nehe A. Fundamentals of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: Recent update. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_17_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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5
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The Study of the Influence of Matrix, Size, Rotation Angle, and Magnetic Field on the Isothermal Entropy, and the Néel Phase Transition Temperature of Fe2O3 Nanocomposite Thin Films by the Monte-Carlo Simulation Method. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11101209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the study of the influence of the matrix structure (mxm) of thin-film, rotation angle (α), magnetic field (B), and size (D) of Fe2O3 nanoparticle on the magnetic characteristic quantities such as the magnetization oriented z-direction (MzE), z-axis magnetization (Mz), total magnetization (Mtot), and total entropy (Stot) of Fe2O3 nanocomposites by Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation method are studied. The applied MC Metropolis code achieves stability very quickly, so that after 30 Monte Carlo steps (MCs), the change of obtained results is negligible, but for certainty, 84 MCs have been performed. The obtained results show that when the mxm and α increase, the magnetic phase transition appears with a very small increase in temperature Néel (TNtot). When B and D increase, TNtot increases very strongly. The results also show that in Fe2O3 thin films, TNtot is always smaller than with Fe2O3 nano and Fe2O3 bulk. When the nanoparticle size is increased to nearly 12 nm, then TNtot = T = 300 K, and between TNtot and D, there is a linear relationship: TNtot = −440.6 + 83D. This is a very useful result that can be applied in magnetic devices and in biomedical applications.
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Su W, Zhang H, Xing Y, Li X, Wang J, Cai C. A Bibliometric Analysis and Review of Supercritical Fluids for the Synthesis of Nanomaterials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:336. [PMID: 33525541 PMCID: PMC7910895 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Since the 1990s, supercritical fluids for the synthesis of nanomaterials have been paid more and more attention by researchers and have gradually become one of the most important ways to prepare nanomaterials. In this study, literature data on "supercritical fluids for the synthesis of nanomaterials" from 1998 to 2020 were obtained from the Web of Science database, and the data were processed and analyzed by the bibliometric method combined with Microsoft office 2019, Origin 2018, VOSviewer, and other software, so as to obtain the research status and development trend of "supercritical fluids for the synthesis of nanomaterials". The results show that since literature on "supercritical fluids for the synthesis of nanomaterials" appeared for the first time in 1998, the number of articles published every year has risen. In terms of this field, China has become the second-largest publishing country after the United States, and China and the United States display a lot of cooperation and exchanges in this field. "Supercritical CO2", "supercritical water", "supercritical antisolvent", "surface modification", and so on have become the research hotspots of "supercritical fluids for the synthesis of nanomaterials".
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Su
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (W.S.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (J.W.); (C.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Knowledge Automation for Industrial Processes, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongshuo Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (W.S.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (J.W.); (C.C.)
| | - Yi Xing
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (W.S.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (J.W.); (C.C.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (W.S.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (J.W.); (C.C.)
| | - Jiaqing Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (W.S.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (J.W.); (C.C.)
| | - Changqing Cai
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (W.S.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (J.W.); (C.C.)
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Rehman AU, Nazir S, Irshad R, Tahir K, ur Rehman K, Islam RU, Wahab Z. Toxicity of heavy metals in plants and animals and their uptake by magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Human gastric carcinoma cells targeting peptide-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles delivery for magnetic resonance imaging. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Sharma P, Holliger N, Pfromm PH, Liu B, Chikan V. Size-Controlled Synthesis of Iron and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by the Rapid Inductive Heating Method. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:19853-19860. [PMID: 32803081 PMCID: PMC7424720 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Inductive heating synthesis is an emerging technique with the potential to displace the hot-injection synthesis method to prepare colloidal particles very rapidly with a narrow size distribution, controlled size, and high crystallinity. In this work, the inductive heating synthesis is applied to produce a short-temperature jump to mimic conditions like the hot-injection method to prepare traditional iron and iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in the 3-11 nm size range within various solvents, precursors, and reaction time conditions. Moreover, this inductive heating technique can be used under unique experimental conditions not available for hot-injection reactions. These conditions include the use of very high initial monomer concentrations. Considering benefits over conventional methods, the inductive heating technique has the potential to provide an industrial level scale-up synthesis. The magnetization of these particles is consistent with the magnetization of the particles from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratikshya Sharma
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Noah Holliger
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Peter Heinz Pfromm
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6515, United States
| | - Bin Liu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Viktor Chikan
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
- , Phone: 785-532-6807
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Chamorro E, Tenorio MJ, Calvo L, Torralvo MJ, Sáez-Puche R, Cabañas A. One-step sustainable preparation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles supported on mesoporous SiO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Comparative Study of the Adsorption of Acid Blue 40 on Polyaniline, Magnetic Oxide and Their Composites: Synthesis, Characterization and Application. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12182854. [PMID: 31487925 PMCID: PMC6765991 DOI: 10.3390/ma12182854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Conducting polymers (CPs), especially polyaniline (PANI) based hybrid materials have emerged as very interesting materials for the adsorption of heavy metals and dyes from an aqueous environment due to their electrical transport properties, fascinating doping/de-doping chemistry and porous surface texture. Acid Blue 40 (AB40) is one of the common dyes present in the industrial effluents. We have performed a comparative study on the removal of AB40 from water through the application of PANI, magnetic oxide (Fe3O4) and their composites. Prior to this study, PANI and its composites with magnetic oxide were synthesized through our previously reported chemical oxidative synthesis route. The adsorption of AB40 on the synthesized materials was investigated with UV-Vis spectroscopy and resulting data were analyzed by fitting into Tempkin, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) and Langmuir isotherm models. The Freundlich isotherm model fits more closely to the adsorptions data with R2 values of 0.933, 0.971 and 0.941 for Fe3O4, PANI and composites, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of Fe3O4, PANI and composites was, respectively, 130.5, 264.9 and 216.9 mg g-1. Comparatively good adsorption capability of PANI in the present case is attributed to electrostatic interactions and a greater number of H-bonding. Effect of pH of solution, temperature, initial concentration of AB40, contact time, ionic strength and dose of adsorbent were also investigated. Adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The activation energy of adsorption of AB40 on Fe3O4, PANI and composites were 30.12, 22.09 and 26.13 kJmol-1 respectively. Enthalpy change, entropy change and Gibbs free energy changes are -6.077, -0.026 and -11.93 kJ mol-1 for adsorption of AB40 on Fe3O4. These values are -8.993, -0.032 and -19.87 kJ mol-1 for PANI and -10.62, -0.054 and -19.75 kJ mol-1 for adsorption of AB40 on PANI/Fe3O4 composites. The negative sign of entropy, enthalpy and Gibbs free energy changes indicate spontaneous and exothermic nature of adsorption.
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12
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Magnetic Nanomaterials for Magnetically-Aided Drug Delivery and Hyperthermia. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9142927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles have continuously gained importance for the purpose of magnetically-aided drug-delivery, magnetofection, and hyperthermia. We have summarized significant experimental approaches, as well as their advantages and disadvantages with respect to future clinical translation. This field is alive and well and promises meaningful contributions to the development of novel cancer therapies.
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Muhammad A, Shah AUHA, Bilal S, Rahman G. Basic Blue Dye Adsorption from Water using Polyaniline/Magnetite(Fe 3O 4) Composites: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Aspects. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E1764. [PMID: 31151258 PMCID: PMC6600751 DOI: 10.3390/ma12111764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its exciting physicochemical properties and doping-dedoping chemistry, polyaniline (PANI) has emerged as a potential adsorbent for removal of dyes and heavy metals from aqueous solution. Herein, we report on the synthesis of PANI composites with magnetic oxide (Fe3O4) for efficient removal of Basic Blue 3 (BB3) dye from aqueous solution. PANI, Fe3O4, and their composites were characterized with several techniques and subsequently applied for adsorption of BB3. Effect of contact time, initial concentration of dye, pH, and ionic strength on adsorption behavior were systematically investigated. The data obtained were fitted into Langmuir, Frundlich, Dubbanin-Rudiskavich (D-R), and Tempkin adsorption isotherm models for evaluation of adsorption parameters. Langmuir isotherm fits closely to the adsorption data with R2 values of 0.9788, 0.9849, and 0.9985 for Fe3O4, PANI, and PANI/Fe3O4 composites, respectively. The maximum amount of dye adsorbed was 7.474, 47.977, and 78.13 mg/g for Fe3O4, PANI, and PANI/Fe3O4 composites, respectively. The enhanced adsorption capability of the composites is attributed to increase in surface area and pore volume of the hybrid materials. The adsorption followed pseudo second order kinetics with R2 values of 0.873, 0.979, and 0.999 for Fe3O4, PANI, and PANI/Fe3O4 composites, respectively. The activation energy, enthalpy, Gibbs free energy changes, and entropy changes were found to be 11.14, -32.84, -04.05, and -0.095 kJ/mol for Fe3O4, 11.97, -62.93, -07.78, and -0.18 kJ/mol for PANI and 09.94, -74.26, -10.63, and -0.210 kJ/mol for PANI/Fe3O4 respectively, which indicate the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the adsorption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Muhammad
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | | | - Salma Bilal
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
- TU Braunschweig Institute of Energy and Process Systems Engineering, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Gul Rahman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
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Abstract
Magnetic nanocomposites are multi-component, nanosized magnetic materials, to generate the response to an external stimulus (i.e., outer inert or alternative magnetic field). The novel nanocomposites is a combination of excess of various materials such as liquid crystals, silica, gels, renewable polymers, carbon along with different magnetic particles. They have immense applications in the field of medical diagnosis and therapy, catalysis and separation. These nanocarriers are mainly classified into nanotubes, nanosheets, spherical nanoparticles, nanofibres, highly porous nanocomposites. The porous nanostructures provides a better surface for the entrapment or covalent binding of enzymes, proteins, biomolecules and drugs but the major challenge is to design and synthesize a desired structure with suitable surface properties and biocompatibility. Extensive attempts have been made to manipulate the mesoporous materials and its combination with other structure in order to synthesize a matrix with appropriate pore size, large surface area to volume ratio. “Bottom-up” and “Bottom-down” chemical-based synthesis methods have been widely employed to prepare magnetic nanoparticles. Magnetic nanocomposites are synthesized from magnetic nanoparticles and biopolymers by using sol-gel technique, chemical precipitation methods and NanogenTM, a microwave plasma method. In this chapter, we described the advances and developments in the formation/synthesis of magnetic nanocomposites. This chapter will review the characteristics, properties and applications of the magnetic nanocomposites.
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New advances strategies for surface functionalization of iron oxide magnetic nano particles (IONPs). RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-3084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Zheng C, Wei P, Dai W, Wang L, Song B, Jia P, Gong Y. Biocompatible magnetite nanoparticles synthesized by one-pot reaction with a cell membrane mimetic copolymer. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:863-871. [PMID: 28415540 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a series of random copolymers poly(methacrylic acid -co-2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) P(MAA-co-MPC) were synthesized firstly via RAFT living polymerization. The P(MAA-co-MPC) copolymer side chains bear cell membrane phosphorylcholine zwitterions to endow biocompatibility and carboxylic groups to confer coordination with metal ions. Thus, the copolymer was adopted to modify Fe3O4 nanoparticle by a one-pot coprecipitation approach. The effects of the copolymer composition as well as the ratio between the copolymers and iron ions on the performances of the magnetite nanoparticles were researched. The diameters of the nanoparticles could be easily tuned by changing the initial copolymer amount. Moreover, a long-term colloidal stability of magnetite particles was obtained after P(MAA-co-MPC) modification. Biocompatibility of the P(MAA-co-MPC) copolymer coated magnetite nanoparticles was investigated by protein adsorption, in vitro cytotoxicity and cell uptake studies. It was found that the copolymer content of magnetite nanoparticles correlates with its biocompatibility. Excellent biocompatibility could be obtained when the content of the copolymer in the composite nanoparticles reached to 54%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Pan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Botao Song
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Pengxiang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
| | - Yongkuan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
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19
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Ćosović AR, Žák T, Glisic SB, Sokić MD, Lazarević SS, Ćosović VR, Orlović AM. Synthesis of nano-crystalline NiFe 2 O 4 powders in subcritical and supercritical ethanol. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Martin J, Bello D, Bunker K, Shafer M, Christiani D, Woskie S, Demokritou P. Occupational exposure to nanoparticles at commercial photocopy centers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 298:351-360. [PMID: 26148960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Photocopiers emit high levels of nanoparticles (PM0.1). To-date little is known of physicochemical composition of PM0.1 in real workplace settings. Here we perform a comprehensive physicochemical and morphological characterization of PM0.1 and raw materials (toners and paper) at eight commercial photocopy centers that use color and monochrome photocopiers over the course of a full week. We document high PM0.1 exposures with complex composition and several ENM in toners and PM0.1. Daily geometric mean PM0.1 concentrations ranged from 3700 to 34000 particles/cubic-centimeter (particles/cm(3)) (GSD 1.4-3.3), up to 12 times greater than background, with transient peaks >1.4 million particles/cm(3). PM0.1 contained 6-63% organic carbon, <1% elemental carbon, and 2-8% metals, including iron, zinc, titania, chromium, nickel and manganese, typically in the <0.01-1% range, and in agreement with toner composition. These findings document widespread ENM in toner formulations and high nanoparticle exposures are an industry-wide phenomenon. It further calls attention to the need to substantially redesign the interface of this technology with workers and consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Martin
- Department of Work Environment, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Dhimiter Bello
- Department of Work Environment, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Martin Shafer
- Wisconsin State of Hygiene Laboratory, 2601 Agriculture Drive, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan Woskie
- Department of Work Environment, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Sharan C, Khandelwal P, Poddar P. The mechanistic insight into the biomilling of goethite (α-FeO(OH)) nanorods using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16951h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins react with the Fe3+ ions on goethite surface, form Fe3+–protein complexes which get disassociated, and results into fresh Fe3+ ions on the surface. This process of complexation–dissociation leads to biomilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekhar Sharan
- Physical & Material Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune – 411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Puneet Khandelwal
- Physical & Material Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune – 411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Pankaj Poddar
- Physical & Material Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune – 411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
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Ahn WJ, Jung HS, Choi HJ. Pickering emulsion polymerized smart magnetic poly(methyl methacrylate)/Fe2O3 composite particles and their stimulus-response. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra17025c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart polymer/inorganic composite magnetic particles were synthesized by Pickering emulsion polymerization using magnetic iron oxide (Fe2O3) particles as a solid stabilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jin Ahn
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Inha University
- Incheon
- Korea
| | - Hyo Seung Jung
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Inha University
- Incheon
- Korea
| | - Hyoung Jin Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Inha University
- Incheon
- Korea
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Xu JK, Zhang FF, Sun JJ, Sheng J, Wang F, Sun M. Bio and nanomaterials based on Fe3O4. Molecules 2014; 19:21506-28. [PMID: 25532846 PMCID: PMC6271433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191221506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past few years, nanoparticles have been used for various applications including, but not limited to, protein immobilization, bioseparation, environmental treatment, biomedical and bioengineering usage, and food analysis. Among all types of nanoparticles, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, especially Fe3O4, have attracted a great deal of attention due to their unique magnetic properties and the ability of being easily chemical modified for improved biocompatibility, dispersibility. This review covers recent advances in the fabrication of functional materials based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles together with their possibilities and limitations for application in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Kun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Fang-Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Mi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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24
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Xu J, Sun J, Wang Y, Sheng J, Wang F, Sun M. Application of iron magnetic nanoparticles in protein immobilization. Molecules 2014; 19:11465-86. [PMID: 25093986 PMCID: PMC6270831 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190811465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their properties such as superparamagnetism, high surface area, large surface-to-volume ratio, easy separation under external magnetic fields, iron magnetic nanoparticles have attracted much attention in the past few decades. Various modification methods have been developed to produce biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles for protein immobilization. This review provides an updated and integrated focus on the fabrication and characterization of suitable magnetic iron nanoparticle-based nano-active materials for protein immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yuejun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Mi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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25
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Abstract
AbstractThis article reviews the research progress in the intercalation compounds for cathode materials for supercapacitors. Typical methods to prepare various intercalation compounds with different nanostructures are summarized. More specifically, the approaches can be subdivided into physical routes such as sonication and microwaves, and chemical routes such as hydrothermal, sol-gel and template methods. The most recent work on nanostructured intercalation compounds including LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2, Li1+xV3O8, NaxMnO2, and KxMnO2 is mainly focused including their preparation and electrochemical performance, and new trends in nanomaterials development for supercapacitors are pointed out.
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26
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Canfarotta F, Piletsky SA. Engineered magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:160-75. [PMID: 24497448 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been used in wide range of diverse applications, ranging from separation to sensing. Here, synthesis and applications of functionalized MNPs in the biomedical field are discussed, in particular in drug delivery, imaging, and cancer therapy, highlighting also recent progresses in the development of multifunctional and stimuli-responsive MNPs. The role of their size, composition, and surface functionalization is analyzed, together with their biocompatibility issues.
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27
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Superparamagnetic iron oxide based nanoprobes for imaging and theranostics. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 199-200:95-113. [PMID: 23891347 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The need to target, deliver and subsequently evaluate the efficacy of therapeutics in the treatment of a disease has provided added impetus in developing novel and highly efficient contrast agents. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have offered tremendous potential in designing advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnostic agents, due to their unique physicochemical properties. There has been tremendous effort devoted in the recent past in developing synthetic methodologies through which their size, hydrodynamic radii, chemical composition and morphologies could be tailored at the nanoscale. This enables one to fine tune their magnetic behavior, and thus their MRI response. While novel synthetic strategies are being assembled for directing SPIONs to the diseased site as well as imparting them stealth and biocompatibility, it is also essential to evaluate their biological toxicological profiles. This review highlights recent advances that have been made in the synthesis of SPIONs, subsequent functionalization with desired entities, and a discussion on their use as MRI contrast agents in cardiovascular research.
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Guo J, Yang W, Wang C. Magnetic colloidal supraparticles: design, fabrication and biomedical applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:5196-5214. [PMID: 23996652 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) bear many intriguing properties such as superparamagnetism, high specific surface area, remarkable colloidal stability and biocompatibility, which evoke great interest and desire of exploration in biomedical applications. For the use in the complicated physiological environment, MNPs are still being developed to have the enhanced performances and down-to-earth practicality. Engineering of MNPs into hierarchical structures is thus proposed to create a new family of magnetic materials, magnetic colloidal supraparticles (MCSPs), which exhibit collective properties and unique nanomaterial characters. From a biomedical point of view, applicability of MCSPs is somewhat more distinctive in contrast to their primary MNPs, because MCSPs are amenable to modulation of secondary structure, promotion of magnetic responsiveness and ease of function design. As a result, MCSPs have been subject to intense researches in recent years, with the aim to develop outstanding composite materials for biomedical applications. In this review, we embark on an overview of foundational topics that detail the design and fabrication of MCSPs by evaporation-induced emulsion and solvothermal techniques, and continue with a guideline for modification of MCSPs with inorganic oxides and organic polymers. Particular focus is then placed on the biomedical applications of modified MCSPs. Many examples illustrate the latest progress in design of MCSP-based microspheres for magnetic resonance imaging, targeted drug delivery, sensing, and harvesting of peptides/proteins. After these detailed accounts, the current challenges and future development of researches and applications are discussed as a conclusion to the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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29
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Bahramian A, Ostadi H, Olazar M. Evaluation of Drag Models for Predicting the Fluidization Behavior of Silver oxide Nanoparticle Agglomerates in a Fluidized Bed. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4005089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Bahramian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, 65155 Iran
| | - Hadi Ostadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-4413
Iran
| | - Martin Olazar
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao 644, 48080
Spain
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30
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Pascu O, Marre S, Aymonier C, Roig A. Ultrafast and continuous synthesis of crystalline ferrite nanoparticles in supercritical ethanol. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:2126-32. [PMID: 23386040 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr33501a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are of increasing interest in various industrially relevant products. For these, the development of greener and faster approaches facilitating scaling-up production is of paramount importance. Here, we report a novel, green and potentially scalable approach for the continuous and ultrafast (90 s) synthesis of superparamagnetic ferrite NPs (MnFe(2)O(4), Fe(3)O(4)) in supercritical ethanol (scEtOH) at a fairly moderate temperature (260 °C). ScEtOH exhibits numerous advantages such as its production from bio-resources, its lack of toxicity and its relatively low supercritical coordinates (p(c) = 6.39 MPa and T(c) = 243 °C), being therefore appropriate for the development of sustainable technologies. The present study is completed by the investigation of both in situ and ex situ NP surface functionalization. The as-obtained nanoparticles present good crystallinity, sizes below 8 nm, superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature and high saturation magnetization. Moreover, depending on the capping strategy, the ferrite NPs present extended (for in situ coated NPs) or short-term (for ex situ coated NPs) colloidal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Pascu
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, E08193, Bellaterra, Spain
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31
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Marusenko Y, Shipp J, Hamilton GA, Morgan JLL, Keebaugh M, Hill H, Dutta A, Zhuo X, Upadhyay N, Hutchings J, Herckes P, Anbar AD, Shock E, Hartnett HE. Bioavailability of nanoparticulate hematite to Arabidopsis thaliana. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 174:150-156. [PMID: 23262070 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The environmental effects and bioavailability of nanoparticulate iron (Fe) to plants are currently unknown. Here, plant bioavailability of synthesized hematite Fe nanoparticles was evaluated using Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) as a model. Over 56-days of growing wild-type A. thaliana, the nanoparticle-Fe and no-Fe treatments had lower plant biomass, lower chlorophyll concentrations, and lower internal Fe concentrations than the Fe-treatment. Results for the no-Fe and nanoparticle-Fe treatments were consistently similar throughout the experiment. These results suggest that nanoparticles (mean diameter 40.9 nm, range 22.3-67.0 nm) were not taken up and therefore not bioavailable to A. thaliana. Over 14-days growing wild-type and transgenic (Type I/II proton pump overexpression) A. thaliana, the Type I plant grew more than the wild-type in the nanoparticle-Fe treatment, suggesting Type I plants cope better with Fe limitation; however, the nanoparticle-Fe and no-Fe treatments had similar growth for all plant types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniy Marusenko
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
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Ladj R, Bitar A, Eissa M, Mugnier Y, Le Dantec R, Fessi H, Elaissari A. Individual inorganic nanoparticles: preparation, functionalization and in vitro biomedical diagnostic applications. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:1381-1396. [PMID: 32260777 DOI: 10.1039/c2tb00301e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic nanoparticles have become the focus of modern materials science due to their potential technological importance, particularly in bionanotechnology, which stems from their unique physical properties including size-dependent optical, magnetic, electronic, and catalytic properties. The present article provides an overview on the currently used individual inorganic nanoparticles for in vitro biomedical domains. These inorganic nanoparticles include iron oxides, gold, silver, silica, quantum dots (QDs) and second harmonic generation (SHG) particles. For each of these interesting nanoparticles, the main issues starting from preparation up to bio-related applications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ladj
- University of Lyon, F-69622 Lyon, France, University of Lyon-1, Villeurbanne, LAGEP, UMR 5007, CPE, 43 bd 11 November 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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33
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Reddy LH, Arias JL, Nicolas J, Couvreur P. Magnetic nanoparticles: design and characterization, toxicity and biocompatibility, pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5818-78. [PMID: 23043508 DOI: 10.1021/cr300068p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1121] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Harivardhan Reddy
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie, Université Paris-Sud XI, UMR CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, IFR, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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34
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Fu C, Ravindra NM. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: synthesis and applications. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2012. [DOI: 10.1680/bbn.12.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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35
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Sui R, Charpentier P. Synthesis of metal oxide nanostructures by direct sol-gel chemistry in supercritical fluids. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3057-82. [PMID: 22394213 DOI: 10.1021/cr2000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruohong Sui
- Alberta Sulphur Research Ltd., University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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36
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Ghosh S, Jiang W, McClements JD, Xing B. Colloidal stability of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: influence of natural organic matter and synthetic polyelectrolytes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:8036-43. [PMID: 21650201 DOI: 10.1021/la200772e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The colloidal behavior of natural organic matter (NOM) and synthetic poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-coated ferrimagnetic (γFe(2)O(3)) nanoparticles (NPs) was investigated. Humic acid (HA), an important component of NOM, was extracted from a peat soil. Two different molecular weight PAAs were also used for coating. The colloidal stability of the coated magnetic NPs was evaluated as a resultant of the attractive magnetic dipolar and van der Waals forces and the repulsive electrostatic and steric-electrosteric interactions. The conformational alterations of the polyelectrolytes adsorbed on magnetic γFe(2)O(3) NPs and their role in colloidal stability were determined. Pure γFe(2)O(3) NPs were extremely unstable because of aggregation in aqueous solution, but a significant stability enhancement was observed after coating with polyelectrolytes. The steric stabilization factor induced by the polyelectrolyte coating strongly dictated the colloidal stability. The pH-induced conformational change of the adsorbed, weakly charged polyelectrolytes had a significant effect on the colloidal stability. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed the stretched conformation of the HA molecular chains adsorbed on the γFe(2)O(3) NP surface at pH 9, which enhanced the colloidal stability through long-range electrosteric stabilization. The depletion of the polyelectrolyte during the dilution of the NP suspension decreased the colloidal stability under acidic solution conditions. The conformation of the polyelectrolytes adsorbed on the NP surface was altered as a function of the substrate surface charge as viewed from AFM imaging. The polyelectrolyte coating also led to a reduction in magnetic moments and decreased the coercivity of the coated γFe(2)O(3) NPs. Thus, the enhanced stabilization of the coated maghematite NPs may facilitate their delivery in the groundwater for the effective removal of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Ghosh
- Department of Plant, Soil and Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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37
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Furlan M, Kluge J, Mazzotti M, Lattuada M. Preparation of biocompatible magnetite–PLGA composite nanoparticles using supercritical fluid extraction of emulsions. J Supercrit Fluids 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2010.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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Bremholm M, Felicissimo M, Iversen B. Time‐Resolved In Situ Synchrotron X‐ray Study and Large‐Scale Production of Magnetite Nanoparticles in Supercritical Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200901048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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39
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Bremholm M, Felicissimo M, Iversen B. Time-Resolved In Situ Synchrotron X-ray Study and Large-Scale Production of Magnetite Nanoparticles in Supercritical Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:4788-91. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200901048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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