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Hydrogen Generation from Bamboo Biomass using Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Subsequent Microbial Electrolysis in a Single Chamber Microbial Electrolysis Cell. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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2
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Gaikwad A. Effects of Mixing and Particle Size on the Kinetics and Dynamics of Enzymatically Treated Cotton Cellulose (MCC) in Continuous Flow Reactor. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:3585-3605. [PMID: 36633758 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) of cellulosic biomass needs tremendous technological advancement so as to efficiently convert cellulosic biomass into renewable fuels and commodity chemicals. Therefore, development of highly improved process engineering techniques is inevitable to reduce the processing cost of the fluids in the reactor. In this investigation, effect of mixing and particle size on the EH of microcrystalline cotton cellulose (MCC) has been investigated by using a spatially averaged low-dimensional two-mode mixing (TMM) model. The model simulations were carried out for the average particle sizes of MCC ranging from 0.78 to 25.52 μm and mixing speed of η → 0 (very high) to η → 1000 (very low). The effects of mixing and particle size on the formation of glucose and reducing sugar (RS) have been quantified by exploiting the rigorous multistep reaction kinetics and TMM model. To access the bond-breaking ability, its effects on the degree of polymerization (DP) was also analyzed. The results deduced that increase in mixing limitations and reduction in particle size imparts a significant increase in glucose and RS yield while decreasing the DP drastically. Thus, our simulations reveal that while η → 1000 economizes the process by reducing the energy requirements, reduction in particle size can be beneficial for reducing the residence time in the depolymerization of MCC to fuels and chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Gaikwad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, India.
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Bhardwaj N, Kumar B, Agrawal K, Verma P. Current perspective on production and applications of microbial cellulases: a review. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:95. [PMID: 38650192 PMCID: PMC10992179 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of cellulolytic enzymes has been widely studied and explored for bioconversion processes and plays a key role in various industrial applications. Cellulase, a key enzyme for cellulose-rich waste feedstock-based biorefinery, has increasing demand in various industries, e.g., paper and pulp, juice clarification, etc. Also, there has been constant progress in developing new strategies to enhance its production, such as the application of waste feedstock as the substrate for the production of individual or enzyme cocktails, process parameters control, and genetic manipulations for enzyme production with enhanced yield, efficiency, and specificity. Further, an insight into immobilization techniques has also been presented for improved reusability of cellulase, a critical factor that controls the cost of the enzyme at an industrial scale. In addition, the review also gives an insight into the status of the significant application of cellulase in the industrial sector, with its techno-economic analysis for future applications. The present review gives a complete overview of current perspectives on the production of microbial cellulases as a promising tool to develop a sustainable and greener concept for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Bhardwaj
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Bikash Kumar
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Komal Agrawal
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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4
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Gaikwad A, Meshram A. Effect of particle size and mixing on the laccase-mediated pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for enhanced saccharification of cellulose. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2019.1680364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Gaikwad
- Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India
| | - Anjali Meshram
- Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India
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5
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Ahamed F, Song HS, Ooi CW, Ho YK. Modelling heterogeneity in cellulose properties predicts the slowdown phenomenon during enzymatic hydrolysis. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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6
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Dutta SK, Chakraborty S. Multiscale Dynamics of Hemicellulose Hydrolysis for Biofuel Production. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Effect of Particle Size on the Kinetics of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Microcrystalline Cotton Cellulose: a Modeling and Simulation Study. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:800-816. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Dutta SK, Chakraborty S. Mixing effects on the kinetics and the dynamics of two-phase enzymatic hydrolysis of hemicellulose for biofuel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 259:276-285. [PMID: 29571171 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work uses a coupled experimental and modeling approach to explore the effects of macro- and micro-mixing on the kinetics and the dynamics of two-phase enzymatic hydrolysis of hemicellulose. Reactor mixing does not alter the non-competitive nature of product inhibition in hemicellulose hydrolysis by endoxylanase, but produces stronger inhibition that reduces the soluble sugar yield by 8-14.5%, as the mixing speed increases from 0 to 200 rpm. The kinetic constants (Km, Vmax, Kx) assume mass-transfer disguised values at 0-200 rpm. An optimal mixing strategy, comprising of 55-70 min of initial rapid convective macromixing followed by diffusive micromixing (without any macromixing) for the rest of the hydrolysis, increases xylose and reducing sugar yields by 6.3-8% and 13-20%, respectively, over continuous mixing at 200 rpm, for 1-5 mg/ml substrate loading at an optimum enzyme to substrate ratio of 1:20, with an energy saving of 94-96% over 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajal Kanti Dutta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Saikat Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India; School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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9
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Gaikwad A. Interactions of mixing and reaction kinetics of depolymerization of cellulose to renewable fuels. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2017.1371015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Gaikwad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India
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Chakraborty S, Singh PK, Paramashetti P. Microreactor-based mixing strategy suppresses product inhibition to enhance sugar yields in enzymatic hydrolysis for cellulosic biofuel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 237:99-107. [PMID: 28389042 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel microreactor-based energy-efficient process of using complete convective mixing in a macroreactor till an optimal mixing time followed by no mixing in 200-400μl microreactors enhances glucose and reducing sugar yields by upto 35% and 29%, respectively, while saving 72-90% of the energy incurred on reactor mixing in the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Empirical exponential relations are provided for determining the optimal mixing time, during which convective mixing in the macroreactor promotes mass transport of the cellulase enzyme to the solid Avicel substrate, while the latter phase of no mixing in the microreactor suppresses product inhibition by preventing the inhibitors (glucose and cellobiose) from homogenizing across the reactor. Sugar yield increases linearly with liquid to solid height ratio (rh), irrespective of substrate loading and microreactor size, since large rh allows the inhibitors to diffuse in the liquid away from the solids, thus reducing product inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Prasun Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Pawan Paramashetti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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Wojtusik M, Zurita M, Villar JC, Ladero M, Garcia-Ochoa F. Influence of fluid dynamic conditions on enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: Effect of mass transfer rate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 216:28-35. [PMID: 27233094 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of fluid dynamic conditions on enzymatic hydrolysis of acid pretreated corn stover (PCS) has been assessed. Runs were performed in stirred tanks at several stirrer speed values, under typical conditions of temperature (50°C), pH (4.8) and solid charge (20% w/w). A complex mixture of cellulases, xylanases and mannanases was employed for PCS saccharification. At low stirring speeds (<150rpm), estimated mass transfer coefficients and rates, when compared to chemical hydrolysis rates, lead to results that clearly show low mass transfer rates, being this phenomenon the controlling step of the overall process rate. However, for stirrer speed from 300rpm upwards, the overall process rate is controlled by hydrolysis reactions. The ratio between mass transfer and overall chemical reaction rates changes with time depending on the conditions of each run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Wojtusik
- Chemical Engineering Deparment, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mauricio Zurita
- Abengoa Research, Campus de Palmas Altas, 41014 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan C Villar
- Laboratory of Cellulose and Paper, INIA, Forest Research Center, Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ladero
- Chemical Engineering Deparment, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Felix Garcia-Ochoa
- Chemical Engineering Deparment, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Chakraborty S, Raju S, Pal RK. A multiscale three-zone reactive mixing model for engineering a scale separation in enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 173:140-147. [PMID: 25299490 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This multiscale three-zone reactive mixing model provides a theoretical framework for engineering a scale separation in batch enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to strategize significant leaps in glucose yields. Formulated using the Liapunov-Schmidt method of the classical bifurcation theory, our model explores the multiscale spatiotemporal dynamics between the fundamental processes of macromixing (convection) and micromixing (diffusion) of the enzymes (Endoglucanase, Exoglucanase, β-glucasidase) and reducing sugars, adsorption and desorption of enzymes on the solid cellulosic substrates, and the product-inhibited liquid and solid phase enzymatic reactions that depolymerize microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel). The model is validated for a range of substrate loadings (2-5%) using our experimental results for the two asymptotic cases of no mixing and continuous mixing, as well as for the macro/micro scale-separated optimal mixing strategy that increases the glucose yield by up to 26% by macromixing completely for an initial period followed by micromixing for the remaining duration of the hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Satyanarayana Raju
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Ramendra Kishor Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
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Pal RK, Chakraborty S. A novel mixing strategy for maximizing yields of glucose and reducing sugar in enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 148:611-614. [PMID: 24076148 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This work explores the effects of mixing on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to innovate a novel mixing strategy that maximizes glucose and reducing sugar yields for production of cellulosic ethanol while reducing the power required for reactor mixing. Batch experiments of cellulose hydrolysis are performed under aseptic conditions for 72 h at various substrate loading (2-6% wt./vol.), where the reactor mixing is terminated after different intervals of time ranging from 0 to 72 h. We find that initial mixing for a certain 'optimal mixing time' followed by no mixing for the rest of the reaction time maximizes glucose and reducing sugar yields. We report a maximum of 26% and 31% increase in glucose and reducing yields, respectively, in case of optimal mixing over continuous mixing for 2% substrate loading. We obtain an algebraic expression that predicts that the optimal mixing time increases exponentially with substrate loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramendra Kishor Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
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14
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Gaikwad A, Chakraborty S. Mixing Effects on the Kinetics of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Avicel for Batch Production of Cellulosic Ethanol. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie301234b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Gaikwad
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology − Kharagpur, Kharagpur
721302, India
| | - Saikat Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology − Kharagpur, Kharagpur
721302, India
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15
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Manna MS, Bhatluri KK, Saha P, Ghoshal AK. Transportation of Catechin (±C) Using Physiologically Benign Vegetable Oil As Liquid Membrane. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie3017863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mriganka Sekhar Manna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Kamal Kumar Bhatluri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Prabirkumar Saha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Aloke Kumar Ghoshal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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Su CH, Chung MH, Hsieh HJ, Chang YK, Ding JC, Wu HM. Enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass in ionic liquid media for fermentable sugar production. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Production of Cellulosic Fuels. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INDIA SECTION A-PHYSICAL SCIENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s40010-012-0007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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18
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Gupta S, Chakraborty M, Murthy ZVP. Response Surface Modelling and Optimization of Mercury Extraction through Emulsion Liquid Membrane. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2011.595033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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