1
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Wang K, Huang YQ, Cheng XH, Yeh JT. Micro foaming performance of scCO 2-aid glutaraldehyde/hexametaphosphate/thermoplastic starch foams modified by alkali treatment and montmorillonite nano-platelets. CELLULAR POLYMERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/02624893211073539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The micro foaming performance, moisture resistance and dynamic viscosity of scCO2-aid glutaraldehyde/hexametaphosphate/thermoplastic tapioca starch (GA/SHMP/TOS) foams were considerably improved by proper NaOH treatment. The expansion ratio, resilience rate, dynamic viscosity values of these NaOH modified foams improved to a maximum, as the time for NaOH treatment approached a proper value. The dynamic viscosity, expansion ratio and resilience rate of the scCO2-aid GA/SHMP/TOS foams modified using 110 atm scCO2-pressure, the proper alkali treatment time, SHMP loading and varying montmorillonite (MMT) loadings improved further, as their MMT loadings approached a proper value of 2.5 part per hundred parts of tapioca starch (PHTOS). Relatively large dynamic viscosity (7.1x104 Pa·s), extremely large expansion ratio (∼75), cell density (1.1x109 cells/cm3) and/or resilience rate (∼80%) were acquired for the scCO2-aid GA/SHMP/TOS/MMT foam modified using the proper alkali treatment time and MMT loading. Thermal analyses results showed that crystallization onset temperatures and crystallization rates of scCO2-aid GA/SHMP/TOS/MMT foams modified using the proper alkali treatment time and varying MMT loadings improved to a highest value by adding 2.5 PHTOS of MMT nano-platelets. Possible reasons accounting for the considerably improved micro foaming performance of scCO2-aid GA/SHMP/TOS/MMT foams modified using the proper alkali treatment time and MMT loading are proposed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-qiong Huang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-han Cheng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jen-taut Yeh
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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2
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Eyssa HM, El Refay HM, Sanad MH. Enhancement of the thermal and physicochemical properties of styrene butadiene rubber composite foam using nanoparticle fillers and electron beam radiation. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2021-1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study investigates the physicochemical and thermal properties of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposite foam. Nano-calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was prepared from eggshells (ESs) waste. Sponge rubber nanocomposites were prepared and were irradiated by electron beam (EB) radiation at 25, 75, and 150 kGy. Their physicochemical properties, including foam density, compression set (CS), hardness, abrasion loss, and expansion ratio, and their thermal stability were investigated. The physicochemical properties were enhanced by adding 2.5 phr of a foaming agent. Among the composites examined, the foam composites containing nano-CaCO3 had the lowest CS, abrasion loss, and expansion ratio and the highest hardness and foam density. The results confirmed that the thermal stability was improved by incorporating nano-CaCO3 into the SBR foam and as the radiation dose increased. The sponge containing nanoclay demonstrated an intermediate behavior, whereas that with CaCO3 nanoparticles showed low average cell diameter and size and high cell wall thickness. The radiation process enhanced the foam density, CS, abrasion loss, hardness, and thermal property of the developed nanocomposites by inducing the formation of intermolecular crosslinks within the composite matrix. The results showed that physicochemical properties improved by increasing the radiation dose at 25 kGy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. M. Eyssa
- Radiation Chemistry Department , National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority , P. O. Box 29 , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Heba. M. El Refay
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science (Girls), Al Azhar University , P.O. Box: 11754 , Cairo , Egypt
| | - M. H. Sanad
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center , Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority , P.O. Box 13759 , Cairo , Egypt
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3
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Effect of alcohols-regulated crystallization on foaming process and cell morphology of polypropylene. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Yuan W, Wang F, Gao C, Liu P, Ding Y, Zhang S, Yang M. Effect of silica‐coated
TiO
2
nanorods on the foamability of polypropylene and photostability of foamed polypropylene. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Resin Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, China National Petroleum Corporation Beijing China
| | - Feng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Chong Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Peng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yanfen Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Shimin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Mingshu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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5
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Cheng XH, Wang K, Cheng NQ, Mi SY, Sun LS, Yeh JT. The control of expansion ratios and cellular structure of supercritical CO2-aid thermoplastic starch foams using crosslinking agents and nano-silica particles. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02664-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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6
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Mohammadi RS, Zolali AM, Kim JH, Jalali A, Park CB. 3D fibrillated network of compatibilized linear low density polyethylene/polyamide with high melt strength and superior foamability. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Kinked Bisamides as Efficient Supramolecular Foam Cell Nucleating Agents for Low-Density Polystyrene Foams with Homogeneous Microcellular Morphology. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071094. [PMID: 33808179 PMCID: PMC8036985 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polystyrene foams have become more and more important owing to their lightweight potential and their insulation properties. Progress in this field is expected to be realized by foams featuring a microcellular morphology. However, large-scale processing of low-density foams with a closed-cell structure and volume expansion ratio of larger than 10, exhibiting a homogenous morphology with a mean cell size of approximately 10 µm, remains challenging. Here, we report on a series of 4,4′-diphenylmethane substituted bisamides, which we refer to as kinked bisamides, acting as efficient supramolecular foam cell nucleating agents for polystyrene. Self-assembly experiments from solution showed that these bisamides form supramolecular fibrillary or ribbon-like nanoobjects. These kinked bisamides can be dissolved at elevated temperatures in a large concentration range, forming dispersed nano-objects upon cooling. Batch foaming experiments using 1.0 wt.% of a selected kinked bisamide revealed that the mean cell size can be as low as 3.5 µm. To demonstrate the applicability of kinked bisamides in a high-throughput continuous foam process, we performed foam extrusion. Using 0.5 wt.% of a kinked bisamide yielded polymer foams with a foam density of 71 kg/m3 and a homogeneous microcellular morphology with cell sizes of ≈10 µm, which is two orders of magnitude lower compared to the neat polystyrene reference foam with a comparable foam density.
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8
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Kumar A, Patham B, Mohanty S, Nayak SK. Polyolefinic nanocomposite foams: Review of microstructure-property relationships, applications, and processing considerations. J CELL PLAST 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x20979752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we survey the state of the art on polymeric foams incorporating nano-scale fillers. Particular focus of the review is on foams from polyolefinic nanocomposite formulations incorporating a wide variety of fillers. The nano-scale additives can influence the foam structure and properties in two ways: Firstly, they can act as composite reinforcement to enhance the mechanical properties and functionality of the matrix polymer; and secondly, they can act as foaming-processing aids through modification of the rheological, thermal and crystallization properties of the matrix as well as serving as heterogeneous nucleation sites. Through a combination of these influences, and using advanced processing techniques it is possible to achieve nanocomposite foams that have higher cell density, and more uniform cell size or controlled cell-size distribution. Such controlled foam morphologies, in turn, can yield better specific mechanical properties resulting in more effective light-weighting solutions. Further, the nano-scale additives can impart additional desired functionality resulting in multi-functional foams. In this article, we provide an overview of the mechanical, thermal and a few other relevant functional properties – such as piezoelectric sensitivity, acoustics, and filtration efficiency – of foams prepared using nanocomposite formulations, along with the processing considerations for achieving high quality foams using such materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Kumar
- Department of Plastics Technology, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Chennai, India
| | - Bhaskar Patham
- SABIC Technology Centre, Global Application Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - Smita Mohanty
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, LARPM-CIPET, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Nayak
- Department of Plastics Technology, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Chennai, India
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9
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Wen S, Yu L, Phule AD, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Zhang ZX. Influence of 1-butene content on mechanical, thermal, and cushioning properties of propylene/1-butene copolymer foamed by supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Pan J, Zhang D, Wu M, Ruan S, Castro JM, Lee LJ, Chen F. Impacts of Carbonaceous Particulates on Extrudate Semicrystalline Polyethylene Terephthalate Foams: Nonisothermal Crystallization, Rheology, and Infrared Attenuation Studies. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Pan
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210 Ohio, United States
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Integrated Systems and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210 Ohio, United States
| | - Min Wu
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210 Ohio, United States
| | - Shilun Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R.China
| | - Jose M. Castro
- Department of Integrated Systems and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210 Ohio, United States
| | - L. James Lee
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210 Ohio, United States
| | - Feng Chen
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210 Ohio, United States
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R.China
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11
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Ho QB, Kontopoulou M. Stabilization of the cellular structure of polypropylene foams and secondary nucleation mechanism in the presence of graphene nanoplatelets. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Yuan W, Wang F, Gao C, Liu P, Ding Y, Zhang S, Yang M. Enhanced foamability of isotactic polypropylene/polypropylene‐grafted‐nanosilica nanocomposites in supercritical carbon dioxide. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering PlasticsInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Feng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering PlasticsInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Chong Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering PlasticsInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Peng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering PlasticsInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yanfen Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering PlasticsInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Shimin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering PlasticsInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Mingshu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering PlasticsInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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13
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Liu W, Zhu X, Gao H, Su X, Wu X. Preparation and characterization of PLA foam chain extended through grafting octa(epoxycyclohexyl) POSS onto carbon nanotubes. CELLULAR POLYMERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0262489320912521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Improving foamability of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) resin is a key issue for its critical foaming applications with high-performance and ultralow density. However, owing to the rheological nature of linear PLA chain structure with relatively low molecular weight, the overall foamability of PLA resin cannot meet the processing requirements of foaming purpose. Here, we describe a simple and versatile technique to prepare high foamability PLA resin by inducing chain extender through grafting octa(epoxycyclohexyl) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) on carbon nanotubes (CNT). After the orderly assemble of the two nanoparticles, an obvious increase in melt elasticity of PLA is observed. The enhanced melt elasticity of PLA had a significant effect on controlling subsequent foaming behavior. Thus, a homogeneous and finer cellular morphology of PLA rigid foam was obtained with a proper content of CNT-POSS. Eventually, the expansion ratio of chain-extended PLA foam was 13 times higher than that of unmodified PLA foam. The proposed design methodology will potentially pave a way for designing and preparing high-performance PLA rigid foam products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xunxian Zhu
- School of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxiang Gao
- School of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Su
- Key Laboratory of Light Metal Materials Processing Technology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian Wu
- School of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Kumar A, Patham B, Mohanty S, Nayak SK. Polypropylene–nano‐silica nanocomposite foams: mechanisms underlying foamability, and foam microstructure, crystallinity and mechanical properties. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anish Kumar
- Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET) Chennai India
| | | | - Smita Mohanty
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM‐CIPET) Bhubaneswar India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Nayak
- Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET) Chennai India
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15
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Lian X, Mou W, Kuang T, Liu X, Zhang S, Li F, Liu T, Peng X. Synergetic effect of nanoclay and nano-CaCO3 hybrid filler systems on the foaming properties and cellular structure of polystyrene nanocomposite foams using supercritical CO2. CELLULAR POLYMERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0262489319900948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Supercritical fluids have been widely used to prepare various polymer nanocomposite foams due to their high-efficiency, rich-resource, and environment-friendly characteristics. In this work, we prepared polystyrene (PS) nanocomposites with different contents of hybrid fillers of nanoclay and nano-calcium carbonate (nano-CaCO3) and then were foamed by batch foaming method using supercritical carbon dioxide as a physical blowing agent. The effect of hybrid nanofillers components and foaming temperature and pressure on the foaming properties and cellular structure of PS nanocomposite foams was systematically investigated. Dynamic rheology results indicated that the complex viscosity and storage modulus were enhanced with the addition of hybrid fillers. Scanning electron microscopic images show that all samples foamed uniformly macrocells under the given conditions. More importantly, the hybrid fillers of nano-CaCO3 and nanoclay exhibit a significant synergistic effect in improving PS foaming properties, which can be ascribed to the different roles of the two fillers during cell nucleation and cell growth. For instance, the PS/0.22/0.88 nanocomposite foamed under the conditions of 20 MPa and 130°C has shown the finest cell structure (higher cell density of 1.91 × 1010 and smaller cell diameter of 2.28 µm) due to the coeffect of the hybrid nanofillers. Finally, the synergistic mechanism of these two nanofillers on PS foaming behavior was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghan Lian
- Department of Industrial Equipment and Control Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Mou
- Department of Industrial Equipment and Control Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tairong Kuang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianhu Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuidong Zhang
- Department of Industrial Equipment and Control Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Department of Industrial Equipment and Control Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Industrial Equipment and Control Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangfang Peng
- Department of Industrial Equipment and Control Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Zheng H, Pan G, Huang P, Xu D, Zhai W. Fundamental Influences of Crosslinking Structure on the Cell Morphology, Creep Property, Thermal Property, and Recycling Behavior of Microcellular EPDM Foams Blown with Compressed CO2. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510275, China
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ge Pan
- State Key Lab of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Pengke Huang
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, China
| | - Donghua Xu
- State Key Lab of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Wentao Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510275, China
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17
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Banerjee D, Dutta A, Vimal KK, Kapur GS, Ghosh AK. Correlation of Micro- and Macrostructural Attributes with the Foamability of Modified Polypropylene Using Supercritical CO 2. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Debjyoti Banerjee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Anindya Dutta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | | | - Gurpreet Singh Kapur
- Petrochemical and Polymer Department, R&D Division, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., Faridabad 121007, India
| | - Anup K. Ghosh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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18
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Auclerc M, Sahyoun J, Tauleigne A, Da Cruz-Boisson F, Vanhille Bergeron A, Garois N, Cassagnau P, Bounor-Legaré V. Development of Copolyamide-66/6 Cross-Linked Foams by a One-Step Reactive Extrusion Process. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Auclerc
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CNRS UMR 5223, 15 Bd Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jihane Sahyoun
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CNRS UMR 5223, 15 Bd Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Adrien Tauleigne
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CNRS UMR 5223, 15 Bd Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fernande Da Cruz-Boisson
- Univ Lyon, INSA de Lyon, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CNRS UMR 5223, 17 Av Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Nicolas Garois
- Hutchinson, Centre de Recherche, Rue Gustave Nourry - B.P. 31, 45120 Chalette-sur-Loing, France
| | - Philippe Cassagnau
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CNRS UMR 5223, 15 Bd Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Véronique Bounor-Legaré
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CNRS UMR 5223, 15 Bd Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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19
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Yeh SK, Yang SH, Han L, Liu HY, Liao YS, Chang YC. Foam extrusion of polypropylene–rice husk composites using CO2 as the blowing agent. J CELL PLAST 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x19839744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Kai Yeh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ssu-Hsuan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Long Han
- Huntsman LLC, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - Hung-Yun Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Syun Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chun Chang
- Miniwiz Sustainable Energy Development Co., Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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20
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Effect of temperature on thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene foams prepared by single step and two step batch foaming process. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1699-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Shojaei Dindarloo A, Karrabi M, Ghoreishy MHR. A multi-scale three-dimensional finite element analysis of polymeric rubber foam reinforced by carbon nanotubes under tensile loads. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-018-00685-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Jamalpour S, Ghaffarian SR, Jangizehi A. Effect of matrix−nanoparticle supramolecular interactions on the morphology and mechanical properties of polymer foams. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seifollah Jamalpour
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Amirkabir University of Technology; Tehran Iran
| | | | - Amir Jangizehi
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Amirkabir University of Technology; Tehran Iran
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23
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Dutta A, Ghosh AK. Morphological and rheological footprints corroborating optimum foam processability of PP/ethylene acrylic elastomer blend. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Dutta
- Centre for Polymer Science and Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Anup K. Ghosh
- Centre for Polymer Science and Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; New Delhi 110016 India
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24
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Jamalpour S, Ghaffarian SR, Goldansaz H. Using supramolecular associations to create stable cellular structures in amorphous soft polymers. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seifollah Jamalpour
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Amirkabir University of Technology; Tehran Iran
| | | | - Hadi Goldansaz
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Amirkabir University of Technology; Tehran Iran
- Bio and Soft Matter Division (BSMA), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain; Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
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25
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Liu C, Wu C, Hao C, Liu P, Guo X, Zhang Y, Huang Y. Electrical conductivity transformation mechanism of GNPs/CB/SR nanocomposite foams. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Liu
- School of Electronic Science & Applied Physics; Hefei University of Technology; Hefei Anhui 230009 People's Republic of China
| | - Can Wu
- School of Electronic Science & Applied Physics; Hefei University of Technology; Hefei Anhui 230009 People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Hao
- School of Electronic Science & Applied Physics; Hefei University of Technology; Hefei Anhui 230009 People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Electronic Science & Applied Physics; Hefei University of Technology; Hefei Anhui 230009 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- School of Electronic Science & Applied Physics; Hefei University of Technology; Hefei Anhui 230009 People's Republic of China
| | - Yugang Zhang
- School of Electronic Science & Applied Physics; Hefei University of Technology; Hefei Anhui 230009 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Electronic Science & Applied Physics; Hefei University of Technology; Hefei Anhui 230009 People's Republic of China
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26
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Wang W, Yu K, Zhou H, Wang X, Mi J. The Effect of Compatibilization on the Properties and Foaming Behavior of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Poly(ethylene-octene) Blends. CELLULAR POLYMERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/026248931703600602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The methodology for improving the properties and foaming behavior of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/poly(ethylene-octene) (POE) blends through compatibilization was proposed. In this paper, PET/POE blends were prepared through a melt blending method, POE was employed as elastomer toughener, maleic anhydride grafted POE (mPOE) was selected as compatibilizer, and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) was used as chain extender. The content of mPOE was changeable to study the effect of compatibility on crystallization behavior, toughness, dispersion morphology, and rheological behavior of PET/ POE blends. The results demonstrated that the crystallization peak of PET/POE blends shifted towards high temperatures from 196.97°C to 201.24°C with the content of mPOE increasing. The brittle-ductile transition for PET/POE blends occurred at the mPOE content in the range of 4–5 phr. The particle size of POE dispersed phase decline firstly and then was almost unchanged with an increasing content of mPOE. The storage modulus and complex viscosity of compatibilized PET/POE blends were obviously higher than that of uncompatibilized PET/POE blends. Then PET/POE blends were foamed using supercritical CO2 as physical blowing agent. The results showed that the cell size, cell density, and tensile properties of the PET/POE blending foams were affected by the content of mPOE strongly. With the content of mPOE, the cell size decreased and then kept stable as well as the cell density the trend of cell size increased then remained unchanged. In addition, the elongation at break of PET/POE blending foams was higher than that of the uncompatibilized PET/POE blending foam. PET/POE blending foams with fine cell morphology and good ductility could be achieved with a proper content of compatibilizer in the blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Wang
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Kesong Yu
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfu Zhou
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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27
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Depeng L, Chixiang L, Xiulei J, Tao L, Ling Z. Synergistic effects of intumescent flame retardant and nano-CaCO3 on foamability and flame-retardant property of polypropylene composites foams. J CELL PLAST 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x17720157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Synergistic effects of intumescent flame retardant and nano-CaCO3 on foamability and flame retardant property of polypropylene composites and their foams were carefully investigated. The differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the intumescent flame retardant played a plasticizing effect on the polypropylene/intumescent flame-retardant composites and accelerated the crystallization rate. The rheological properties and supercritical CO2-assisted molding foaming behaviors of the polypropylene/intumescent flame retardant/nano-CaCO3 composites showed that the nano-CaCO3 could enhance their foamability. Scanning electron microscopy pictures and mechanical properties of the polypropylene/intumescent flame-retardant composites foams indicated that the agglomeration of intumescent flame retardant would reduce the cell uniformity and even cause the cell collapse. Furthermore, the stress concentration, caused by the agglomeration, could reduce the mechanical properties of the PP composites foams. The synergistic effect of the nano-CaCO3 could improve the cell uniformity and reduce the stress concentration so that the mechanical properties of the polypropylene/intumescent flame retardant /nano-CaCO3 composites foams were improved. Moreover, the polypropylene/intumescent flame retardant/nano-CaCO3 composites foams had the higher limit oxygen index values than the polypropylene/intumescent flame-retardant foams. TGA results also showed that the nano-CaCO3 could improve the thermal stability of the polypropylene composites foams by forming compact carbon layer. The experimental results indicated that the foamability of the polypropylene composites and the flame-retardant property of their foams could be improved by the synergistic effects of intumescent flame retardant and nano-CaCO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Depeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Li Chixiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Xiulei
- Zhejiang Hengtai New Materials Co., Ltd, Jiaxing, P. R. China
| | - Liu Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Ling
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
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28
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Liu W, Chen P, Wang X, Wang F, Wu Y. Effects of Poly(butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) as a Macromolecular Nucleating Agent on the Crystallization and Foaming Behavior of Biodegradable Poly(lactic acid). CELLULAR POLYMERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/026248931703600202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of a bio-based macromolecule, poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), on the crystallization and foaming behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was evaluated. The crystallization kinetics results show that the addition of PBAT improved the crystallization of PLA by increasing the overall crystallinity and enhancing the crystal morphology of PLA. The massive crystallization zones may have prevented the escape of foaming gases to the surrounding area; the expansion ratio of the PLA foams increased from 4.87 to 10.94. Thus, a novel macromolecular crystallization nucleating agent for PLA was developed; the effect of the crystallization of PLA on its foaming behavior was also investigated. A high expansion ratio and finer cellular structure of PLA foam were obtained by optimizing the PBAT content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, PR China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Fuchun Wang
- School of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, PR China
| | - Yujiao Wu
- School of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, PR China
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29
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Extensional rheology, cellular structure, mechanical behavior relationships in HMS PP/montmorillonite foams with similar densities. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-016-1143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Laguna-Gutierrez E, Saiz-Arroyo C, Velasco JI, Rodriguez-Perez MA. Low density polyethylene/silica nanocomposite foams. Relationship between chemical composition, particle dispersion, cellular structure and physical properties. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Wang M, Xie L, Qian B, Ma Y, Zhou N. Extrusion foaming behavior of a polypropylene/nanoclay microcellular foam. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Wang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Linsheng Xie
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Bo Qian
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yulu Ma
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Nanqiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering (Ministry of Education), National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
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32
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Fasihi M, Targhi AA, Bayat H. The simultaneous effect of nucleating and blowing agents on the cellular structure of polypropylene foamed via the extrusion process. E-POLYMERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2016-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe current work presents the preparation of polypropylene (PP) foams by the extrusion process, focusing on the influence of the foaming agent and nucleating agent on the microstructure of the foams. Sodium bicarbonate alone and also its mixture with citric acid were used as the chemical blowing agents. Expanded graphite nanoparticle and talc were also used as the nucleating agents. Great differences were found in terms of the foam structure depending on the type of nucleating and blowing agents. Using expanded graphite nucleating agent instead of talc resulted in foams with higher cell densities and more uniform cellular structures. Moreover, the foams including the mixed blowing agents exhibited higher cell densities and upper expansion ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fasihi
- 1School of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, 16846-13114, Narmak, Tehran, Iran, Tel.: +98-21-77240286, Fax: +98-21-77240495
| | - Ali Asgari Targhi
- 2School of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Hossein Bayat
- 2School of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
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33
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Escudero J, Notario B, Jimenez C, Rodriguez-Perez MA. Characterization of nanoclay intercalation during foaming within situenergy-dispersive X-ray diffraction. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Escudero
- Cellular Materials Laboratory, Condensed Matter Physics Department; University of Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
| | - B. Notario
- Cellular Materials Laboratory, Condensed Matter Physics Department; University of Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
| | - C. Jimenez
- Helmhotz-Zentrum Berlin; Hahn Meitner Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
| | - M. A. Rodriguez-Perez
- Cellular Materials Laboratory, Condensed Matter Physics Department; University of Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
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34
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The synergistic effect of zinc oxide and phenylphosphonic acid zinc salt on the crystallization behavior of poly (lactic acid). Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Laguna-Gutierrez E, Van Hooghten R, Moldenaers P, Angel Rodriguez-Perez M. Effects of extrusion process, type and content of clays, and foaming process on the clay exfoliation in HMS PP composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ester Laguna-Gutierrez
- Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics Department; University of Valladolid; Paseo de Belén, 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - Rob Van Hooghten
- Department of Chemical Engineering; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F B 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Paula Moldenaers
- Department of Chemical Engineering; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F B 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Miguel Angel Rodriguez-Perez
- Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics Department; University of Valladolid; Paseo de Belén, 47011 Valladolid Spain
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36
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Jamalpour S, Ghaffarian SR. Investigation of Cell Structure and Expansion Ratio of Microcellular Polypropylene Nanohomocomposites Prepared by a Solid-State Process. J MACROMOL SCI B 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2014.912517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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37
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Zhai W, Chen Y, Ling J, Wen B, Kim YW. Fabrication of lightweight, flexible polyetherimide/nickel composite foam with electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness reaching 103 dB. J CELL PLAST 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x14540198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of lightweight materials with electromagnetic interference-shielding effectiveness higher than 30 dB is critical for most industrial and consumer applications. Compounding polymer resin with conductive filler can generate excellent electromagnetic interference-shielding effectiveness but usually leads to a high-sample density, while the foaming of polymer composite suffers from the significant-reduced electromagnetic interference-shielding effectiveness. In this study, polyetherimide composite foams with loading of 10–80 phr (parts per hundred of resins) nickel particles were fabricated to meet the gap. The polyetherimide/nickel composite foams possessed uniform cell structure and low-sample density such as 0.86 g/cm3 at 70 phr nickel. The coupling effects of gravity settlement and cell-structure solidification led to the formation of gradient distribution of nickel particles across the foams. The formed novel structure facilitated the enhancement of multi-reflection and multi-scattering among nickel particles and cells. As a consequence, polyetherimide/nickel foam with 70 phr nickel (PEIN70) possessed a high-electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of 86.7–106.5 dB over a frequency range of 50–3000 MHz. When the sample density was considered, the specific electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of PEIN70 foam was as high as 121.3 dB/(g/cm3) at 1 GHz, which was higher than the reported electromagnetic interference-shielding materials. The excellent electromagnetic interference-shielding properties, lightweight, well-defined resin properties ensure polyetherimide/nickel composite foams useful in many advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhai
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuejuan Chen
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianqiang Ling
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bianying Wen
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Young-Wook Kim
- University of Seoul, 90 Jeonnong-dong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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38
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Liu W, Li H, Wang X, Du Z, Zhang C. Effect of Chain Extension on the Rheological Property and Thermal Behaviour of Poly(lactic acid) Foams. CELLULAR POLYMERS 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/026248931303200602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy-based chain extended high-melt-strength poly (lactic acid) (PLA) was prepared. Rheological properties and the thermal behaviours of the chain extended PLA were studied. The rheological properties indicated that the melt elasticity and melt strength of the chain extended PLA samples were gradually improved by increasing the content of chain extender (CE). Moreover, the thermal results showed that the crystallinity and the spheruilite morphology of PLA were greatly influenced due to the introduction of CE. The effect of CE contents on foam morphology was also studied. Adding CE resulted in higher expansion ratio and smaller cell size of PLA foams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Hangquan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Zhongjie Du
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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39
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Wang X, Liu W, Zhou H, Liu B, Li H, Du Z, Zhang C. Study on the effect of dispersion phase morphology on porous structure of poly (lactic acid)/poly (ethylene terephthalate glycol-modified) blending foams. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Liu W, Wang X, Li H, Du Z, Zhang C. Study on rheological and extrusion foaming behaviors of chain-extended poly (lactic acid)/clay nanocomposites. J CELL PLAST 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x13503845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chain-extended poly(lactic acid) /clay nanocomposites were prepared through extrusion process. The effects of the content and dispersion morphology of clay on the molecular weight distribution and rheological behavior of chain extended poly(lactic acid) were discussed. The chain extender/clay ratio would strongly affect the molecular weight and gelation degree of poly(lactic acid), thus affecting the melt strength and melt elasticity. The melt strength increased with increasing clay content, reaching a maximum value, after which it decreased. Then chain extended poly(lactic acid) /clay were foamed with supercritical CO2, and the cellular structure, cell size, cell density were investigated. The introduction of clay would increase the cell density. The results indicated that a homogeneous and finer cellular morphology could be achieved with a proper content of chain extender and clay in poly(lactic acid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Hangquan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjie Du
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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41
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Oh K, Seo YP, Hong SM, Takahara A, Lee KH, Seo Y. Dispersion and reaggregation of nanoparticles in the polypropylene copolymer foamed by supercritical carbon dioxide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:11061-9. [PMID: 23715076 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51068a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the preparation of nanocomposites, we conducted environmentally benign foaming processing on polypropylene (PP) copolymer/clay nanocomposites via a batch process in an autoclave. We investigated the dispersion and the exfoliation of the nanoclay particles. Full exfoliation was achieved by the foamability of the matrix PP copolymer using supercritical carbon dioxide (sc CO2) and subcritical carbon dioxide (sub CO2). More and smaller cells were observed when the clay was blended as heterogeneous nuclei and sc CO2 was used. Small angle X-ray scattering showed that highly dispersed states (exfoliation) of the clay particles were obtained by the foaming process. Since the clay particles provided more nucleating sites for the foaming of the polymer, a well dispersed (or fully exfoliated) nanocomposite exhibited a higher cell density and a smaller cell size at the same clay particle concentration. Expansion of the adsorbed CO2 facilitated the exfoliation of the clay platelets; thus, sc CO2 at lower temperature was more efficient for uniform foaming-cell production. Fully dispersed clay platelets were, however, re-aggregated when subjected to a further melting processing. The reprocessed nanocomposites still had some exfoliated platelets as well as some aggregated intercalates. The dual role of the nanoclay particles as foaming nucleus and a crystallization nucleus was confirmed by cell growth observation and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics analysis. A low foaming temperature and a high saturation pressure were more favorable for obtaining a uniform foam. The PP copolymer was found to be foamed more easily than polypropylene. A small amount of other olefin moieties in the backbone of the polymer facilitated better foamability than the neat polypropylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghwan Oh
- Intellectual Textile Systems Research Center (ITRC) and RIAM School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Shillim9dong 56-1, Kwanakku, Seoul, 151-744, Korea
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42
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Horvat M, Ladiges D, Schuchmann HP. Investigation of the Nucleation During Extrusion Cooking of Corn Starch by A Novel Nucleation Die. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-013-1109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Ling J, Zhai W, Feng W, Shen B, Zhang J, Zheng WG. Facile preparation of lightweight microcellular polyetherimide/graphene composite foams for electromagnetic interference shielding. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:2677-84. [PMID: 23465462 DOI: 10.1021/am303289m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We report a facile approach to produce lightweight microcellular polyetherimide (PEI)/graphene nanocomposite foams with a density of about 0.3 g/cm3 by a phase separation process. It was observed that the strong extensional flow generated during cell growth induced the enrichment and orientation of graphene on cell walls. This action decreased the electrical conductivity percolation from 0.21 vol % for PEI/graphene nanocomposite to 0.18 vol % for PEI/graphene foam. Furthermore, the foaming process significantly increased the specific electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness from 17 to 44 dB/(g/cm3). In addition, PEI/graphene nanocomposite foams possessed low thermal conductivity of 0.065-0.037 W/m·K even at 200 °C and high Young's modulus of 180-290 MPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Ling
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315201, China
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44
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Lan X, Zhai W, Zheng W. Critical Effects of Polyethylene Addition on the Autoclave Foaming Behavior of Polypropylene and the Melting Behavior of Polypropylene Foams Blown with n-Pentane and CO2. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie302899m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Lan
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo,
Zhejiang Province 315201, China
- The School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang
Province 315211, China
| | - Wentao Zhai
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo,
Zhejiang Province 315201, China
| | - Wenge Zheng
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo,
Zhejiang Province 315201, China
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45
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Horvat M, Emin MA, Hochstein B, Willenbacher N, Schuchmann HP. Influence of medium-chain triglycerides on expansion and rheological properties of extruded corn starch. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 93:492-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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46
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Sanporean (previously Potarniche) CG, Vuluga Z, Christiansen JD, Radovici C, Jensen EA, Paven H. Investigation of Mechanical Properties of PP/Clay Nanocomposites Based on Network Cross-Linked Compatibilizers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie302992q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zina Vuluga
- National Research and Developement Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Constantin Radovici
- National Research and Developement Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Erik A. Jensen
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 16 DK-9220 Aalborg,
Denmark
| | - Horia Paven
- National Research and Developement Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Bucharest, Romania
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47
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Wang K, Wu F, Zhai W, Zheng W. Effect of polytetrafluoroethylene on the foaming behaviors of linear polypropylene in continuous extrusion. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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48
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Controlling Foam Morphology of Poly(methyl methacrylate) via Surface Chemistry and Concentration of Silica Nanoparticles and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Process Parameters. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/864926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposite foams have received considerable attention because of their potential use in advanced applications such as bone scaffolds, food packaging, and transportation materials due to their low density and enhanced mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties compared to traditional polymer foams. In this study, silica nanofillers were used as nucleating agents and supercritical carbon dioxide as the foaming agent. The use of nanofillers provides an interface upon which CO2nucleates and leads to remarkably low average cell sizes while improving cell density (number of cells per unit volume). In this study, the effect of concentration, the extent of surface modification of silica nanofillers with CO2-philic chemical groups, and supercritical carbon dioxide process conditions on the foam morphology of poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, were systematically investigated to shed light on the relative importance of material and process parameters. The silica nanoparticles were chemically modified with tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl triethoxysilane leading to three different surface chemistries. The silica concentration was varied from 0.85 to 3.2% (by weight). The supercritical CO2foaming was performed at four different temperatures (40, 65, 75, and 85°C) and between 8.97 and 17.93 MPa. By altering the surface chemistry of the silica nanofiller and manipulating the process conditions, the average cell diameter was decreased from9.62±5.22to1.06±0.32 μm, whereas, the cell density was increased from7.5±0.5×108to4.8±0.3×1011cells/cm3. Our findings indicate that surface modification of silica nanoparticles with CO2-philic surfactants has the strongest effect on foam morphology.
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49
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Hwa Yoon K, Park S, Cheol Kim Y. Study of the rheological properties and crystallization behavior of branched PP/silicate composites. Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2012.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Zhai W, Wang J, Chen N, Naguib HE, Park CB. The orientation of carbon nanotubes in poly(ethylene-co-octene) microcellular foaming and its suppression effect on cell coalescence. POLYM ENG SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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