1
|
Rizkianto F, Oshita K, Takaoka M. Valorization of fat balls and primary scum from wastewater treatment: a promising renewable lipid feedstock for biodiesel production. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 89:2073-2089. [PMID: 38678410 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the potential of waste materials from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to serve as an alternative lipid feedstock for biodiesel production. The average lipid recoveries from fat balls (46.4%) and primary scum (49.5-54.5%) were higher than the lipid recovery of primary sludge (15.8-16.4%). The yield of biodiesel produced from the extracted lipids ranged from 5.7 to 20.1%. There were considerable site- and season-dependent variations in the characteristics of the lipid waste materials. Radiocarbon analysis indicated the presence of fossil-derived carbon (26.0-42.0%) in the biodiesel obtained from wastewater lipids. Finally, we estimated the potential for biodiesel production from WWTP-derived lipids; about 333.0 metric tons of biodiesel per year could be produced from fat balls and primary scum in Japan. The results indicate that lipid-rich materials from WWTPs represent a valuable alternative feedstock for biodiesel production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Febrian Rizkianto
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, C-Cluster-1, Kyoto-Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Oshita
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, C-Cluster-1, Kyoto-Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan E-mail:
| | - Masaki Takaoka
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, C-Cluster-1, Kyoto-Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moftakhari Anasori Movahed S, Calgaro L, Marcomini A. Trends and characteristics of employing cavitation technology for water and wastewater treatment with a focus on hydrodynamic and ultrasonic cavitation over the past two decades: A Scientometric analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159802. [PMID: 36411670 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cavitation-based technologies have emerged as a sustainable and effective way to treat natural waters and wastewater, considering their increasing scarcity due to pollution and climate change. For this reason, this work aimed to conduct a scientometric analysis on the topic of cavitation for water and wastewater treatment during the last 20 years, from 2001 to August 2022. We focused on hydrodynamic and ultrasonic cavitation as the prevalent methods of inducing cavitation. Furthermore, an in-depth study on the main trends regarding the number of publications and citations, keywords co-occurrence and evolution, and countries' publication trends was carried out to investigate the future direction of this research topic. The data was gathered from the Web of Science database and analyzed by the Visualization Of Similarities software. This work focused on: i) publication and citation trends, ii) scientific categories, iii) countries' contribution to the topic of cavitation, iv) prominent journals, v) keyword co-occurrence and cluster analysis, and vi) keyword evolution analysis. Results showed a significant increase in publications during the past 5 years. The scientific categories with the highest number of publications were "environmental sciences" and "environmental engineering," with a combined share of 19.4 % of publications. Keywords evolution analysis showed that limited focus was given to topics related to "energy" and "energy efficiency" in the field of cavitation, but with the rising importance of each process's sustainability, the attention given to these concepts will increase in the future. Future directions for the topic of cavitation-related water and wastewater treatments will shift towards more environmentally friendly applications of hydrodynamic and ultrasonic cavitation as well as towards more green and sustainable approaches to address the increasing water pollution problems and shortage. Moreover, it will include other uses besides water treatment such as manufacturing nanomaterials food production and medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saman Moftakhari Anasori Movahed
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Mestre, Italy
| | - Loris Calgaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Mestre, Italy
| | - Antonio Marcomini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Mestre, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
RSM optimization of biodiesel production by a novel composite of Fe(ΙΙΙ)-based MOF and phosphomolybdic acid. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-022-04783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
4
|
Towards rapid and sustainable synthesis of biodiesel: A review of effective parameters and scale-up potential of intensification technologies for enzymatic biodiesel production. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
5
|
Khan TA, Khan TA, Kumar Yadav A. A hydrodynamic cavitation-assisted system for optimization of biodiesel production from green microalgae oil using a genetic algorithm and response surface methodology approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:49465-49477. [PMID: 35661300 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20474-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present research work, the effect of operating parameters such as molar ratio (3:1-7:1), catalyst concentration (0.5-1.5%), reaction time (5-25 min), and operating pressure (0-4 bar) on the rate of biodiesel conversion percentage for the transesterification reaction using hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) has been studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithms (GA) were used to find the best condition. The best conditions for biodiesel generation were a molar ratio of 6.5:1, a catalyst concentration of 1.301 wt.%, a reaction period of 11.5 min, and operating pressure of 3.6 bar. The maximum yield of biodiesel obtained under optimal conditions was 97.3%. The reaction time for biodiesel produced by HC under similar conditions as the conventional technique was reduced by 85%. The HC approach is preferable to the conventional method due to its shorter processing time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Ali Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Tasmeem Ahmad Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad, 201003, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dong Q, Li X, Dong J. Synthesis of branched surfactant via ethoxylation of oleic acid derivative and its surface properties. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
7
|
Bio-composites from spent hen derived lipids grafted on CNC and reinforced with nanoclay. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 281:119082. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.119082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
8
|
A fermentation process for the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) using waste cooking oil or waste fish oil as inexpensive carbon substrate. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 33:e00700. [PMID: 35070732 PMCID: PMC8762085 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Both WCO and WFO can be used as promising substrates for PHA production. First report of a fed-batch fermentation process using WFO as sole carbon source for PHA production. High PHB yields of 0.8 g/g and 0.92 g/g were produced from WCO and WFO, respectively. Highest PHB productivity (1.73 g/L/h) was achieved when using waste oil as carbon source.
The utilization of waste cooking oil (WCO) or waste fish oil (WFO) as inexpensive carbon substrate for the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) by Cupriavidus necator H16 was investigated. Fed-batch cultivation mode in bioreactor was applied in this study. High cell dry weight (CDW) of 135.1 g/L, PHB content of 76.9 wt%, PHB productivity of 1.73 g/L/h, and PHB yield of 0.8 g/g were obtained from WCO. In the case of WFO, the CDW, PHB content, PHB productivity, and PHB yield were 114.8 g/L, 72.5 wt%, 1.73 g/L/h, and 0.92 g/g, respectively. The PHB productivity and yield obtained in the current study from WCO or WFO are among the highest reported so far for PHA production using oils as sole carbon substrate, suggesting that both WCO and WFO can be used as inexpensive carbon substrates for the production of PHA on an industrial scale.
Collapse
|
9
|
Khiowthong W, Thaiyasuit P. Optimization of Continuous FAME Production in High-Performance Bumpy Surface Rotor Reactor under Theoretical Molar Ratio by Response Surface Methodology. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:1591-1603. [PMID: 36310051 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous production of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) from waste cooking oil (WCO) via transesterification was carried out under theoretical methanol to oil molar ratio using a high-performance bumpy surface rotor reactor (BSRR). Three types of rotors with different area fractions (AF) of 6.9%, 13.8% and 27.6% were used to equip the BSRR. The selection of the highest performance rotor was compared by factorial experiments. Absolute methanol with 99.9 vol% purity was used as the reactant and potassium hydroxide with 90 wt% purity was used as the base catalyst. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to design the experiments and predict the optimal conditions. The three variables in RSM were 0.58-1.43 wt% potassium hydroxide concentration [KOH], 2160-3840 rpm rotor speed, and 1.38-4.74 L/min flow rate. The performance was the specific energy consumption (SEC). The highest performance rotor was AF27.6%. In the first step, the transesterification process was performed using [KOH] 1.5 wt%, a rotor speed of 3000 rpm and a flow rate of 2.027 L/min to produce 98.6 wt% FAME and using SEC at 12.5 W h/kg. In the second step, RSM predicted the optimal condition of [KOH] 1.016 wt%, rotor speed 2910 rpm, flow rate 2.134 L/min and FAME content 97.3 wt%. The actual FAME content averaged 97.16 wt%. The biodiesel properties complied with the EN 14214 standard. This biodiesel production can reduce the cost of methanol by one-half and the cost of KOH by one-third. The energy consumption is only 0.012 kW・h/kg, so the methanol recovery process is not necessary. It has low KOH residue, so washing with water is superfluous and uses minimal energy, which can reduce a lot of costs. The high flow rate of 128 L/h can be used to scale up commercial production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuttisan Khiowthong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ubon Ratchathani University
| | - Prachasanti Thaiyasuit
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ubon Ratchathani University
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jaiswal KS, Rathod VK. Process Intensification of Enzymatic Synthesis of Flavor Esters: A Review. CHEM REC 2021; 22:e202100213. [PMID: 34859555 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The conventional flavor synthesis method suffers from low yields, time inefficiency, and extreme reaction conditions. Therefore, there is a necessity for the green and novel synthesis approach to overcome these limitations. The current review presents a holistic insight into different aspects associated with the synthesis of flavor esters using the immobilized enzyme. The application of process intensification tools such as ultrasound and microwave irradiation can enhance the reaction efficiency because of higher product recovery, less formation of by-products, and decreased energy consumption. This review presents the process intensification of value-added flavor esters synthesis and the mechanism of ultrasound and microwave action on the enzyme to enhance the enzyme activity and increase the reaction rate. It also summarizes the role of process intensification in enzymatic flavor ester synthesis, followed by specific examples as reported in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kajal S Jaiswal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Virendra K Rathod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai, 400019, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao Y, Zhu K, Li J, Zhao Y, Li S, Zhang C, Xiao D, Yu A. High-efficiency production of bisabolene from waste cooking oil by metabolically engineered Yarrowia lipolytica. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:2497-2513. [PMID: 33605546 PMCID: PMC8601197 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural plant product bisabolene serves as a precursor for the production of a wide range of industrially relevant chemicals. However, the low abundance of bisabolene in plants renders its isolation from plant sources non-economically viable. Therefore, creation of microbial cell factories for bisabolene production supported by synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies presents a more competitive and environmentally sustainable method for industrial production of bisabolene. In this proof-of-principle study, for the first time, we engineered the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica to produce α-bisabolene, β-bisabolene and γ-bisabolene through heterologous expression of the α-bisabolene synthase from Abies grandis, the β-bisabolene synthase gene from Zingiber officinale and the γ-bisabolene synthase gene from Helianthus annuus respectively. Subsequently, two metabolic engineering approaches, including overexpression of the endogenous mevalonate pathway genes and introduction of heterologous multidrug efflux transporters, were employed in order to improve bisabolene production. Furthermore, the fermentation conditions were optimized to maximize bisabolene production by the engineered Y. lipolytica strains from glucose. Finally, we explored the potential of the engineered Y. lipolytica strains for bisabolene production from the waste cooking oil. To our knowledge, this is the first report of bisabolene production in Y. lipolytica using metabolic engineering strategies. These findings provide valuable insights into the engineering of Y. lipolytica for a higher-level production of bisabolene and its utilization in converting waste cooking oil into various industrially valuable products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and SafetyKey Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial MicrobiologyCollege of BiotechnologyTianjin University of Science and TechnologyNo. 29 the 13th Street TEDATianjin300457China
| | - Kun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and SafetyKey Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial MicrobiologyCollege of BiotechnologyTianjin University of Science and TechnologyNo. 29 the 13th Street TEDATianjin300457China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and SafetyKey Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial MicrobiologyCollege of BiotechnologyTianjin University of Science and TechnologyNo. 29 the 13th Street TEDATianjin300457China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and SafetyKey Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial MicrobiologyCollege of BiotechnologyTianjin University of Science and TechnologyNo. 29 the 13th Street TEDATianjin300457China
| | - Shenglong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and SafetyKey Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial MicrobiologyCollege of BiotechnologyTianjin University of Science and TechnologyNo. 29 the 13th Street TEDATianjin300457China
| | - Cuiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and SafetyKey Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial MicrobiologyCollege of BiotechnologyTianjin University of Science and TechnologyNo. 29 the 13th Street TEDATianjin300457China
| | - Dongguang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and SafetyKey Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial MicrobiologyCollege of BiotechnologyTianjin University of Science and TechnologyNo. 29 the 13th Street TEDATianjin300457China
| | - Aiqun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and SafetyKey Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial MicrobiologyCollege of BiotechnologyTianjin University of Science and TechnologyNo. 29 the 13th Street TEDATianjin300457China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jiang C, Liu M, Yan X, Bao R, Liu A, Wang W, Zhang Z, Liang H, Ji C, Zhang S, Lin X. Lipase Addition Promoted the Growth of Proteus and the Formation of Volatile Compounds in Suanzhayu, a Traditional Fermented Fish Product. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112529. [PMID: 34828810 PMCID: PMC8625596 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work investigated the effect of lipase addition on a Chinese traditional fermented fish product, Suanzhayu. The accumulation of lactic acid and the decrease of pH during the fermentation were mainly caused by the metabolism of Lactobacillus. The addition of lipase had little effect on pH and the bacterial community structure but promoted the growth of Proteus. The addition of lipase promotes the formation of volatile compounds, especially aldehydes and esters. The formation of volatile compounds is mainly divided into three stages, and lipase had accelerated the fermentation process. Lactobacillus, Enterococcus and Proteus played an important role not only in inhibition of the growth of Escherichia-Shigella, but also in the formation of flavor. This study provides a rapid fermentation method for the Suanzhayu process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xinping Lin
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +86-0411-8631-8675
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dry route process and wet route process for algal biodiesel production: A review of techno-economical aspects. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
14
|
Liu Y, Wang Z, Cui Z, Qi Q, Hou J. α-Farnesene production from lipid by engineered Yarrowia lipolytica. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:78. [PMID: 38650210 PMCID: PMC10991571 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Producing high value-added products from waste lipid feedstock by microbial cell factory has great advantages to minimize the pollution as well as improve the economic value of wasted oils and fats. Yarrowia lipolytica is a non-conventional oleaginous yeast and can grow on a variety of hydrophobic substrates. In this study, we explored its ability to synthesize α-farnesene, an important sesquiterpene, using lipid feedstock. Based on the α-farnesene production strain, we constructed previously, we identified that Erg12 was the key limiting factor to further increase the α-farnesene production. The α-farnesene production was improved by 35.8% through increasing the copy number of ERG12 and FSERG20 on oleic acid substrate. Expression of heterologous VHb further improved α-farnesene production by 12.7%. Combining metabolic engineering with the optimization of fermentation conditions, the α-farnesene titer and yield reached 10.2 g/L and 0.1 g/g oleic acid, respectively, in fed-batch cultivation. The α-farnesene synthesis ability on waste cooking oil and other edible oils were also explored. Compared with using glucose as carbon source, using lipid substrates obtained higher α-farnesene yield and titer, but lower by-products accumulation, demonstrating the advantage of Y. lipolytica to synthesize high value-added products using lipid feedstock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
- CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li Y, Cheng Z, Zhao C, Gao C, Song W, Liu L, Chen X. Reprogramming Escherichia coli Metabolism for Bioplastics Synthesis from Waste Cooking Oil. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:1966-1979. [PMID: 34337931 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The recycle and reutilization of food wastes is a promising alternative for supporting and facilitating circular economy. However, engineering industrially relevant model organisms to use food wastes as their sole carbon source has remained an outstanding challenge so far. Here, we reprogrammed Escherichia coli metabolism using modular pathway engineering followed by laboratory adaptive evolution to establish a strain that can efficiently utilize waste cooking oil (WCO) as the sole carbon source to produce monomers of bioplastics, namely, medium-chain α,ω-dicarboxylic acids (MCDCAs). First, the biosynthetic pathway of MCDCAs was designed and rewired by modifying the β-oxidation pathway and introducing an ω-oxidation pathway. Then, metabolic engineering and laboratory adaptive evolution were applied for improving the pathway efficiency of fatty acids utilization. Finally, the engineered strain E. coli AA0306 was able to produce 15.26 g/L MCDCAs with WCO as the sole carbon source. This study provides an economically attractive strategy for biomanufacturing bioplastics from food wastes, which has a great potentiality to be developed as a wide range of enabling biotechnologies for achieving green revolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Zhenzhen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Chunlei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Cong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bharti MK, Chalia S, Thakur P, Sridhara SN, Thakur A, Sharma PB. Nanoferrites heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production from soybean and canola oil: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2021; 19:3727-3746. [PMID: 33967660 PMCID: PMC8094988 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fossil fuel depletion and pollution are calling for alternative, renewable energies such as biofuels. Actual challenges include the design of efficient processes and catalysts to convert various feedstocks into biofuels. Here, we review nanoferrites heterogeneous catalysts to produce biodiesel from soybean and canola oil. For that, transesterification is the main synthesis route and offers simplicity, cost-effectiveness, better process control, and high conversion yield. Catalysis with nanoferrites and composites allow to obtain yields higher than 95% conversion with less than 5.0 wt.% of catalyst loading at 80 °C in 1-2 h. More than 90% conversion yields can be achieved with a moderate alcohol/oil molar ratio, i.e., between 12:1 to 16:1. Catalyst recovery is easy due to the magnetic properties of nanoferrite, which can be effectively reused up to 4 times with less than 10% loss of catalytic efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Bharti
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, Haryana 122413 India
| | - Sonia Chalia
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, Haryana 122413 India
| | - Preeti Thakur
- Department of Physics, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, Haryana 122413 India
| | - S. N. Sridhara
- Hindustan University of Technology and Science, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 603103 India
| | - Atul Thakur
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, Haryana 122413 India
| | - P. B. Sharma
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, Haryana 122413 India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Šibalić D, Šalić A, Tušek AJ, Sokač T, Brekalo K, Zelić B, Tran NN, Hessel V, Tišma M. Sustainable Production of Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus: Process Optimization and Enzyme Characterization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darijo Šibalić
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, Osijek HR-31000, Croatia
| | - Anita Šalić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev trg 19, Zagreb HR-10000, Croatia
| | - Ana Jurinjak Tušek
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb HR-10000, Croatia
| | - Tea Sokač
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev trg 19, Zagreb HR-10000, Croatia
| | - Klara Brekalo
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, Osijek HR-31000, Croatia
| | - Bruno Zelić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev trg 19, Zagreb HR-10000, Croatia
| | - Nghiep Nam Tran
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide 5005, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, Can Tho University, Campus 2, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
| | - Volker Hessel
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Marina Tišma
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, Osijek HR-31000, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Khodadadi MR, Malpartida I, Tsang CW, Lin CSK, Len C. Recent advances on the catalytic conversion of waste cooking oil. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
19
|
Supraja KV, Behera B, Paramasivan B. Optimization of process variables on two-step microwave-assisted transesterification of waste cooking oil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:27244-27255. [PMID: 31154649 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Scale-up and commercialization of biodiesel is often delimited by costly feedstock that adds up to the process costs. These underlying issues demand the exploration of unconventional cheap feed to improve the process economics. Conversion of waste cooking oil (WCO) into biodiesel could reduce the process costs by 60-70%. However, the continuous exposure to heat during frying leads to oxidation as well increase in the free fatty acid (FFA) content which intensifies the time and energy required for transesterification. The present study analyzes the effect of parameters over the conversion of WCO (with 8.17% FFA) into biodiesel via two-step acid-alkali-based microwave-assisted transesterification. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the oil:methanol volume ratio, microwave power, and reaction time during the acid-catalyzed esterification to bring down the FFA below 1%. Microwave irradiation of 250 W, with methanol:oil molar ratio of 19.57:1 [oil:methanol volume ratio of 1.31 (expressed as decimal)] and reaction time of 35 s, resulted in 0.082% of FFA. Alkali-catalyzed transesterification with methanol:oil molar ratio of 5:1 with 2% sodium hydroxide at 65 °C thereby produced fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) with the volumetric biodiesel yield of 94.6% in 30 min. Physiochemical properties of the transesterified WCO were well comparable with the biodiesel standards. The study highlights the essentiality of multivariate optimization for the esterification process that could aid in understanding the interactive effects of variables over FFA content. Such studies would benefit in scaling up of the transesterification process at industrial level by improving the economics of the overall bioprocess.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kolli Venkata Supraja
- Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - Bunushree Behera
- Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - Balasubramanian Paramasivan
- Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, India.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mohod A, Bhaskar N, Rajan V, Thakur R, Bagal M. Intensified synthesis of biodiesel using low-cost feedstock and catalyst via conventional as well as ultrasonic irradiation based approach. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
21
|
Lu J, Kong Q, Zhang Z, Tang J, Cui M, Chen X, Liu Q, Fei Z, Qiao X. MINLP Optimization of Side-Reactor Column Configuration Based upon Improved Bat Algorithm. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Qian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Zhuxiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jihai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Mifen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pradhan RA, Arshad M, Ullah A. Solvent-free rapid ethenolysis of fatty esters from spent hen and other lipidic feedstock with high turnover numbers. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
23
|
Surendran A, Lakshmanan M, Chee JY, Sulaiman AM, Thuoc DV, Sudesh K. Can Polyhydroxyalkanoates Be Produced Efficiently From Waste Plant and Animal Oils? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:169. [PMID: 32258007 PMCID: PMC7090169 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a potential replacement for some petrochemical-based plastics. PHAs are polyesters synthesized and stored by various bacteria and archaea in their cytoplasm as water-insoluble inclusions. PHAs are usually produced when the microbes are cultured with nutrient-limiting concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, or oxygen and excess carbon sources. Such fermentation conditions have been optimized by industry to reduce the cost of PHAs produced commercially. Industrially, these biodegradable polyesters are derived from microbial fermentation processes utilizing various carbon sources. One of the major constraints in scaling-up PHA production is the cost of the carbon source metabolized by the microorganisms. Hence, cheap and renewable carbon substrates are currently being investigated around the globe. Plant and animal oils have been demonstrated to be excellent carbon sources for high yield production of PHAs. Waste streams from oil mills or the used oils, which are even cheaper, are also used. This approach not only reduces the production cost for PHAs, but also makes a significant contribution toward the reduction of environmental pollution caused by the used oil. Advancements in the genetic and metabolic engineering of bacterial strains have enabled a more efficient utilization of various carbon sources, in achieving high PHA yields with specified monomer compositions. This review discusses recent developments in the biosynthesis and classification of various forms of PHAs produced using crude and waste oils from the oil palm and fish industries. The biodegradability of the PHAs produced from these oils will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthy Surendran
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Manoj Lakshmanan
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- USM-RIKEN International Centre for Aging Science (URICAS), School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Jiun Yee Chee
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Doan Van Thuoc
- Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kumar Sudesh
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- USM-RIKEN International Centre for Aging Science (URICAS), School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The development of solid acid catalysts, especially based on metal oxides and different magnetic nanoparticles, gained much awareness recently as a result of the development of different nano-based materials. Solid acid catalysts based on metal oxides are promising for the (trans)esterification reactions of different oils and waste materials for biodiesel production. This review gives a brief overview of recent developments in various solid acid catalysts based on different metal oxides, such as zirconia, zinc, titanium, iron, tungsten, and magnetic materials, where the catalysts are optimized for various reaction parameters, such as the amount of catalyst, molar ratio of oil to alcohol, reaction time, and temperature. Furthermore, yields and conversions for biodiesel production are compared. Such metal-oxide-based solid acid catalysts provide more sustainable, green, and easy-separation synthesis routes with high catalytic activity and reusability than traditionally used catalysts.
Collapse
|
25
|
Ruiz C, Kenny ST, Narancic T, Babu R, Connor KO. Conversion of waste cooking oil into medium chain polyhydroxyalkanoates in a high cell density fermentation. J Biotechnol 2019; 306:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
26
|
Hommes A, de Wit T, Euverink GJW, Yue J. Enzymatic Biodiesel Synthesis by the Biphasic Esterification of Oleic Acid and 1-Butanol in Microreactors. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
27
|
Rezende DBD, Rocha MPDO, Pasa VMD. RE-ESTERIFICATION OF MACAUBA ACID OIL USING GLYCEROL FOR ACIDITY REDUCTION AND BIODIESEL PRODUCTION. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20190363s20180591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
28
|
High Cell Density Conversion of Hydrolysed Waste Cooking Oil Fatty Acids Into Medium Chain Length Polyhydroxyalkanoate Using Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9050468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Waste cooking oil (WCO) is a major pollutant, primarily managed through incineration. The high cell density bioprocess developed here allows for better use of this valuable resource since it allows the conversion of WCO into biodegradable polymer polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). WCO was chemically hydrolysed to give rise to a mixture of fatty acids identical to the fatty acid composition of waste cooking oil. A feed strategy was developed to delay the stationary phase, and therefore achieve higher final biomass and biopolymer (PHA) productivity. In fed batch (pulse feeding) experiments Pseudomonas putida KT2440 achieved a PHA titre of 58 g/l (36.4% of CDW as PHA), a PHA volumetric productivity of 1.93 g/l/h, a cell density of 159.4 g/l, and a biomass yield of 0.76 g/g with hydrolysed waste cooking oil fatty acids (HWCOFA) as the sole substrate. This is up to 33-fold higher PHA productivity compared to previous reports using saponified palm oil. The polymer (PHA) was sticky and amorphous, most likely due to the long chain monomers acting as internal plasticisers. High cell density cultivation is essential for the majority of industrial processes, and this bioprocess represents an excellent basis for the industrial conversion of WCO into PHA.
Collapse
|
29
|
RSM and Crow Search Algorithm-Based Optimization of Ultrasonicated Transesterification Process Parameters on Synthesis of Polyol Ester-Based Biolubricant. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-019-03847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
30
|
Vershinina KY, Glushkov DO, Nigay AG, Yanovsky VA, Yashutina OS. Oil-Filled Cryogels: New Approach for Storage and Utilization of Liquid Combustible Wastes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Yu. Vershinina
- Heat and Mass Transfer Simulation Laboratory, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Dmitrii O. Glushkov
- Heat and Mass Transfer Simulation Laboratory, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Aleksandr G. Nigay
- Heat and Mass Transfer Simulation Laboratory, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav A. Yanovsky
- Scientific and educational center “Perspective materials and technologies in subsoil use”, National Research Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Olga S. Yashutina
- Heat and Mass Transfer Simulation Laboratory, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yen HW, Hu CY, Liang WS. A cost efficient way to obtain lipid accumulation in the oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula glutinis using supplemental waste cooking oils (WCO). J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
32
|
One-Step Synthesis of CaO-ZnO Efficient Catalyst for Biodiesel Production. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/1806017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Biodiesel is the best candidate for fuel oil replacement, and to obtain it, heterogeneous catalysts offer large advantages: they can be separated from the product and reused. This work reviews a novel one-step synthesis of CaO-ZnO catalytic particles suitable for biodiesel production. The catalyst is synthesized using an original simple method that involves mixing of ZnO with CaCO3 and subsequent calcination. The CaO-ZnO microparticles obtained present an average size of 2 μm. This material shows the characteristic crystallographic cubic structure of CaO and the hexagonal phase of ZnO. The temperature-programmed reduction experiment evidences an interaction between CaO and ZnO. Moreover, the infrared spectroscopy shows typical bands of these compounds. The catalyst shows high biodiesel yield, up to 73% in the first cycle and 64% in the second one. In this work, the synthesis of an efficient CaO-ZnO catalyst with a huge potential is revealed, which could be an economic alternative to produce biodiesel.
Collapse
|
33
|
Singh S, Sadhu T, Dutta S, Chakrabarty J. Influence of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters on Biodiesel Fuel Properties: Optimization and Assessment. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Singh
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209 West Bengal India
| | - Tithli Sadhu
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209 West Bengal India
| | - Susmita Dutta
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Institute of Technology Durgapur Durgapur 713209 India
| | - Jitamanyu Chakrabarty
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209 West Bengal India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Onukwuli OD, Ude CN. Kinetics of African pear seed oil (APO) methanolysis catalyzed by phosphoric acid-activated kaolin clay. APPLIED PETROCHEMICAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13203-018-0210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
35
|
A review on ionic liquids as perspective catalysts in transesterification of different feedstock oil into biodiesel. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
36
|
Teixeira MR, Nogueira R, Nunes LM. Quantitative assessment of the valorisation of used cooking oils in 23 countries. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 78:611-620. [PMID: 32559952 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The article quantifies, in a set of 23 countries, the amounts consumed of vegetable oils, the amounts of used oils produced after cooking, the amounts available for valorisation, and finally the quantities being valorised. The management practices adopted are also reviewed. Based on data collected, a production factor, relating vegetable oil consumption with used cooking oil production, of 0.32 is proposed. The valorisation factor, which quantifies the fraction of UCO being valorised, is higher in better performing countries (0.749) and worst in the remaining (0.232). Three consumption-valorisation factors, relating consumption with valorisation, were obtained: for high performing countries (0.274); intermediate performing (0.105); and under-performing (0.078). The management systems adopted by the different countries are based on either second-generation economic instruments (USA and Brazil), or on third-generation economic instruments (EU, Argentina, Japan). The former has allowed countries to attain better valorisation rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Ribau Teixeira
- CENSE, Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, and Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Nogueira
- Hidrognosis, Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos, Avenida da República, 54, 8000-079 Faro, Portugal
| | - Luís Miguel Nunes
- CERIS, Civil Engineering Research and Innovation For Sustainability, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yu GW, Nie J, Lu LG, Wang SP, Li ZG, Lee MR. Transesterification of soybean oil by using the synergistic microwave-ultrasonic irradiation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 39:281-290. [PMID: 28732947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microwave and ultrasound have been demonstrated to be outstanding process intensification techniques for transesterification of oil. According to their mechanisms, simultaneous effects can surely bring about better enhancement than sole microwave or ultrasound. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the important factors and their suitable levels in the KOH-catalyzed transesterification of soybean oil with methanol by using synergistic assistance of microwave-ultrasound (CAMU). The feasibility of application of CAMU in transesterification of oil was demonstrated. When the dosage of methanol, soybean oil and KOH were 15.4g, 34.7g (with methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 12:1) and 1g, respectively, and the microwave power, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic mode, reaction temperature and reaction time were 700W, 800W, 1:0, 65°C and 6min, respectively, the transesterification reached 98.0% of yield, being the highest yield among all the results obtained; while by using 600W of microwave plus stirring instead of CAMU, only 57.4% of yield could be obtained. Compared with other reaction techniques, the transesterification by applying novel CAMU was found to have remarkable advantages. Furthermore, by monitoring the variation of real-time temperature and microwave power during transesterification reactions with different microwave operation time and by taking comparison of the corresponding yield, it was demonstrated that the main reason for the acceleration of microwave-assisted transesterification was the polarization and further activation of reactants caused by microwave irradiation, but not the factor of fast heating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Wei Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jing Nie
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Lin-Guang Lu
- Transfar Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311200, China
| | | | - Zu-Guang Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Maw-Rong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ullah Z, Bustam MA, Man Z, Khan AS, Muhammad N, Sarwono A, Farooq M, Ullah R, Mengal AN. A Detail Description on Catalytic Conversion of Waste Palm Cooking Oil into Biodiesel and Its Derivatives: New Functionalized Ionic Liquid Process. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahoor Ullah
- Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids; Department of Chemical Engineering Universiti, Teknologi PETRONAS; Tronoh 31750 Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry; Balochistan University of IT; Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Takatu Campus; Quetta- 87100 Pakistan
| | - Mohamad Azmi Bustam
- Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids; Department of Chemical Engineering Universiti, Teknologi PETRONAS; Tronoh 31750 Malaysia
| | - Zakaria Man
- Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids; Department of Chemical Engineering Universiti, Teknologi PETRONAS; Tronoh 31750 Malaysia
| | - Amir Sada Khan
- Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids; Department of Chemical Engineering Universiti, Teknologi PETRONAS; Tronoh 31750 Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology; Bannu 28100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Nawshad Muhammad
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials; COMSATS Institute of Information Technology; Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Ariyanti Sarwono
- Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids; Department of Chemical Engineering Universiti, Teknologi PETRONAS; Tronoh 31750 Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry; University of Peshawar; Peshawar 25120 Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy (Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center); College of Pharmacy King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Nawaz Mengal
- Mechanical Engineering Department; Balochistan University of IT; Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Takatu Campus; Quetta- 87100 Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bansode SR, Rathod VK. An investigation of lipase catalysed sonochemical synthesis: A review. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017. [PMID: 28633854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic irradiation has recently gained attention of researchers for its process intensification in numerous reactions. Earlier ultrasound was known for its application either to deactivate enzyme activity or to disrupt the cell. However, in recent years, practice of ultrasonic irradiation began to emerge as a tool for the activation of the enzymes under mild frequency conditions. The incorporation of ultrasound in any of enzymatic reactions not only increases yield but also accelerates the rate of reaction in the presence of mild conditions with better yield and less side-products. To attain maximum yield, it is crucial to understand the mechanism and effect of sonication on reaction especially for the lipase enzyme. Thus, the influence of ultrasound irradiation on reaction yield for different parameters including temperature, enzyme concentration, mole ratio of substrates, solvents ultrasonic frequency and power was reviewed and discussed. The physical effect of cavitation determined by bubble dynamics and rate of reaction through kinetic modelling also needs to be assessed for complete investigation and scale up of synthesis. Thus, prudish utilisation of ultrasound for enzymatic synthesis can serve better future for sustainable and green chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha R Bansode
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Virendra K Rathod
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gogate PR. Intensification of chemical processing applications using ultrasonic and microwave irradiations. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
41
|
Feyzi M, Hosseini N, Yaghobi N, Ezzati R. Preparation, characterization, kinetic and thermodynamic studies of MgO-La2O3 nanocatalysts for biodiesel production from sunflower oil. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
42
|
Leng L, Yang P, Mao Y, Wu Z, Zhang T, Lee PH. Thermodynamic and physiological study of caproate and 1,3-propanediol co-production through glycerol fermentation and fatty acids chain elongation. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 114:200-209. [PMID: 28249211 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An alternative process for anaerobic wastewater treatment with methane recovery is to elongate the carbon chain of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) with a formation of medium chain carboxylic acids (MCCAs), e.g. n-caproic acid with higher monetary value. A potential electron donor is glycerol as a surplus byproduct from the rapid growth of waste-derived biodiesel industry. In the current approach, an industrial chemical, 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) is produced from crude glycerol along with a formation of other soluble byproducts including ethanol and volatile fatty acids (VFAs), which necessitates a significant amount of energy input for separation and purification. To circumvent the energy sink requirement and upcycle both the wastewater treatment process and the biodiesel industry, it is highly beneficial to produce a valuable secondary product from the byproducts. This pioneer study reports on thermodynamic and physiological insights gained into the co-production of 1,3-PDO and caproate from glycerol. Thermodynamics analysis demonstrated that a higher pH range is more favorable when either glycerol or ethanol acting as an electron donor, whereas a high partial pressure (27% at 1 atm) and a low pH (≤5.5) are advantageous for caproate formation with hydrogen. With the glycerol-to-acetate molar ratio of 4 and pH of 7, the physiological experiments achieved a co-production of 1,3-PDO and caproate. However, the caproate yield was low and found to be kinetic-limited. Caproate formation was significantly increased by the intermediate ethanol addition with the optimal mono-caproate formation obtained at the ethanol-to-acetate molar ratio of 3. A synergistic relationship was evinced through microbial characterization, resulting in Clostridium kluyveri and some bacteria with function of converting glycerol to VFAs. This study demonstrates that sufficient ethanol produced as an intermediate is capable of enhancing caproate formation in a synergistic pathway along with 1,3-PDO. The knowledge gleaned paves new avenues for the biodiesel industry by upcycling the byproduct crude glycerol into 1,3-PDO and caproate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Leng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Peixian Yang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yanping Mao
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhuoying Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Po-Heng Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lerin LA, Remonatto D, Pereira TMM, Zenevicz MC, Valério A, Oliveira JV, Oliveira DD. Lipase-catalyzed ethanolysis of Jatropha curcas L. oil assisted by ultrasonication. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20170342s20150717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
44
|
Tong T, Li Y, Hou R, Wang X, Wang S. Decoration of chitosan microspheres with Brønsted heteropolyacids and Lewis ion Ti: trifunctional catalysts for esterification to biodiesel. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07479d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
H3PW12O40 is a commonly used Brønsted acid catalyst in esterification and transesterification reactions to produce biodiesel, for which homogeneous form and single acid sites lead to difficulties in separation and relatively less activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Tong
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- P. R. China
| | - Yiming Li
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- P. R. China
| | - Rui Hou
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- P. R. China
| | - Shengtian Wang
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
He Z, Wang Z, Zhao Z, Yi S, Mu J, Wang X. Influence of ultrasound pretreatment on wood physiochemical structure. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 34:136-141. [PMID: 27773229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As an initial step to increase the use of renewable biomass resources, this study was aimed at investigating the effects of ultrasound pretreatment on structural changes of wood. Samples were pretreated by ultrasound with the power of 300W and frequency of 28kHz in aqueous soda solution, aqueous acetic acid, or distilled water, then pretreated and control samples were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results shown that ultrasound pretreatment is indeed effective in modifying the physiochemical structure of eucalyptus wood; the pretreatment decreased the quantity of alkali metals (e.g., potassium, calcium and magnesium) in the resulting material. Compared to the control group, the residual char content of samples pretreated in aqueous soda solution increased by 10.08%-20.12% and the reaction temperature decreased from 361°C to 341°C, however, in samples pretreated by ultrasound in acetic solution or distilled water, the residual char content decreased by 12.40%-21.45% and there were no significant differences in reactivity apart from a slightly higher maximum reaction rate. Ultrasound pretreatment increased the samples' crystallinity up to 35.5% and successfully removed cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin from the samples; the pretreatment also increased the exposure of the sample to the treatment solutions, broke down sample pits, and generated collapses and microchannels on sample pits, and removed attachments in the samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbin He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zijian Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Songlin Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Jun Mu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Basic ionic liquid immobilized oxides as heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel synthesis from waste cooking oil. CATAL COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
47
|
Thermodynamic investigation of waste cooking oil based hydrogen generation system with chemical looping process. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
48
|
Ngaini Z, Shahrom FD, Jamil N, Wahi R, Ahmad ZA. Imperata cylindrica sp as Novel Silica-Based Heterogeneous Catalysts for Transesterification of Palm Oil Mill Sludge. J Oleo Sci 2016; 65:507-15. [PMID: 27181252 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess16014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiesel from palm oil mill sludge (POMS) was prepared in the presence of novel silica-based heterogeneous catalysts derived from Imperata cylindrica sp. Imperatacid and Imperatabase are two types of heterogeneous catalysts derived from Imperata cylindrica sp and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and pore size measurement. Imperatacid has particle size of 43.1-83.9 µm while Imperatabase in the range of 89-193 µm. Imperatacid was conveniently applied in esterification step to afford > 90 wt% oil in 1:3 (oil/methanol) and 10 wt% catalyst, followed by transesterification with 1 wt% Imperatabase and 1:1 (oil/methanol) for 1 h at 65°C to afford 80% biodiesel with higher percentage of methyl palmitate (48.97%) and methyl oleate (34.14%) compare to conventional homogeneous catalyst. Reusability of the catalyst up to three times afforded biodiesel ranging from 78-80% w/w. The biodiesel was demonstrated onto alternative diesel engine (Megatech(®)-Mark III) and showed proportional increased of torque (ɽ) to biodiesel loading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Ngaini
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Liu Y, Lu H, Ampong-Nyarko K, MacDonald T, Tavlarides LL, Liu S, Liang B. Kinetic studies on biodiesel production using a trace acid catalyst. Catal Today 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
50
|
Sarve AN, Varma MN, Sonawane SS. Ultrasound assisted two-stage biodiesel synthesis from non-edible Schleichera triguga oil using heterogeneous catalyst: Kinetics and thermodynamic analysis. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 29:288-298. [PMID: 26585009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Present work deals with the ultrasound-assisted biodiesel production from low cost, substantial acid value kusum (Schleichera triguga) oil using a two-step method of esterification in presence of acid (H2SO4) catalyst followed by transesterification using a basic heterogeneous barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) catalyst. The initial acid value of kusum oil was reduced from 21.65 to 0.84 mg of KOH/g of oil, by acid catalyzed esterification with 4:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration 1% (v/v), ultrasonic irradiation time 20 min at 40 °C. Then, Ba(OH)2 concentration of 3% (w/w), methanol to oil molar ratio of 9:1, ultrasonic irradiation time of 80 min, and temperature of 50 °C was found to be the optimum conditions for transesterification step and triglyceride conversion of 96.8% (wt) was achieved. This paper also examined the kinetics as well as the evaluation of thermodynamic parameters for both esterification and transesterification reactions. The lower value of activation energy and higher values of kinetic constants indicated a fast rate of reaction, which could be attributed to the physical effect of emulsification, in which the microturbulence generated due to radial motion of bubbles, creates an intimate mixing of the immiscible reactants causing the increase in the interfacial area, giving faster reaction kinetics. The positive values of Gibbs-free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH) and negative value of entropy (ΔS) revealed that both the esterification and transesterification were non-spontaneous, endothermic and endergonic reactions. Therefore, the present work has not only established the escalation obtained due to ultrasonication but also exemplified the two-step approach for synthesis of biodiesel from non-edible kusum oil based on the use of heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antaram N Sarve
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (VNIT), South Ambazari Road, Nagpur (M.H.) 440010, India.
| | - Mahesh N Varma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (VNIT), South Ambazari Road, Nagpur (M.H.) 440010, India
| | - Shriram S Sonawane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (VNIT), South Ambazari Road, Nagpur (M.H.) 440010, India
| |
Collapse
|