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Kang SH, Jeong HY, Yoon SJ, So S, Choi J, Kim TH, Yu DM. Hydrocarbon-Based Composite Membrane Using LCP-Nonwoven Fabrics for Durable Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092109. [PMID: 37177255 PMCID: PMC10181224 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A new hydrocarbon-based (HC) composite membrane was developed using liquid crystal polymer (LCP)-nonwoven fabrics for application in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). A copolymer of sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) with a sulfonation degree of 50 mol% (SPAES50) was utilized as an ionomer for the HC membranes and impregnated into the LCP-nonwoven fabrics without any surface treatment of the LCP. The physical interlocking structure between the SPAES50 and LCP-nonwoven fabrics was investigated, validating the outstanding mechanical properties and dimensional stability of the composite membrane in comparison to the pristine membrane. In addition, the through-plane proton conductivity of the composite membrane at 80 °C was only 15% lower than that of the pristine membrane because of the defect-free impregnation state, minimizing the decrease in the proton conductivity caused by the non-proton conductive LCP. During the electrochemical evaluation, the superior cell performance of the composite membrane was evident, with a current density of 5.41 A/cm2 at 1.9 V, compared to 4.65 A/cm2 for the pristine membrane, which can be attributed to the smaller membrane resistance of the composite membrane. From the results of the degradation rates, the prepared composite membrane also showed enhanced cell efficiency and durability during the PEMWE operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Hyeon Kang
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Yeop Jeong
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Yoon
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonyong So
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Kim
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk Man Yu
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
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2
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Motegi T, Yoshimura K, Zhao Y, Hiroki A, Maekawa Y. Direct Observation and Semiquantitative Analysis of Hierarchical Structures in Graft-Type Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Using the AFM Technique. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9992-9999. [PMID: 35913882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The structural features of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM), consisting of polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) grafted onto poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE), can be characterized semiquantitatively by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The cross-sectional AFM phase images are converted to the binarized image by fitting two Gaussian functions. The domains correspond to hydrophilic PSSA domains and hydrophobic ETFE crystalline and amorphous regions, respectively, at lower and higher phase shift values. The area fraction of PSSA domains was consistent with the volume fraction determined by the grafting degree (GD). The dependence of the radius and interdomain distance of the PSSA domains on the GDs of PEMs shows discontinuous features at the threshold GD (39%). The former slightly increased from 10 to 12 nm and significantly increased to 17 nm at a GD greater than 39%; the latter decreased from 140 to 54 nm with increases in GDs up to 39% but inversely increased to 78 nm at a GD of 46%. This discontinuous change in radius and interdomain distance should be caused by the fusion of adjacent PSSA domains to form a larger size and spacing and thus less connectivity between each large domain, thereby lowering the conductivity at GD greater than 39%. We were able to demonstrate the existence of an ion-conducting hydrophilic path with a radius of approximately 10 nm. Even though it has received little attention in the past, it is expected to enable the design of electrolyte membrane functions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Motegi
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Watanuki-machi 1233, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Kimio Yoshimura
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Watanuki-machi 1233, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Watanuki-machi 1233, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hiroki
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Watanuki-machi 1233, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Yasunari Maekawa
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Watanuki-machi 1233, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
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3
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Oroujzadeh M, Mehdipour‐Ataei S. Evaluation of properties and performance of poly(ether sulfone ketone) membranes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Oroujzadeh
- Faculty of Polymer Science, Department of Polyurethane and Advanced Materials Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute Tehran Iran
| | - Shahram Mehdipour‐Ataei
- Faculty of Polymer Science, Department of Polyurethane and Advanced Materials Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute Tehran Iran
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4
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Ghorai A, Banerjee S. Phosphorus‐Containing Fluoro‐Sulfonated Polytriazole Membranes with High Proton Conductivity: Understanding Microstructural and Thermomechanical Behaviors as a Function of Degree of Sulfonation. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Ghorai
- Materials Science Centre Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Susanta Banerjee
- Materials Science Centre Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
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5
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Abi Y, Li W, Chang Z. PEBAX 3533/PAA/CNC Composite Fiber Membranes as the Humidifier Membrane for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasi Abi
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Weiye Li
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhihong Chang
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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6
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Huang TS, Hsieh TL, Lai CC, Wen HY, Huang WY, Chang MY. Highly Proton-Conducting Membranes Based on Poly(arylene ether)s with Densely Sulfonated and Partially Fluorinated Multiphenyl for Fuel Cell Applications. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:626. [PMID: 34436389 PMCID: PMC8398039 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Series of partially fluorinated sulfonated poly(arylene ether)s were synthesized through nucleophilic substitution polycondensation from three types of diols and superhydrophobic tetra-trifluoromethyl-substituted difluoro monomers with postsulfonation to obtain densely sulfonated ionomers. The membranes had similar ion exchange capacities of 2.92 ± 0.20 mmol g-1 and favorable mechanical properties (Young's moduli of 1.60-1.83 GPa). The membranes exhibited considerable dimensional stability (43.1-122.3% change in area and 42.1-61.5% change in thickness at 80 °C) and oxidative stability (~55.5%). The proton conductivity of the membranes, higher (174.3-301.8 mS cm-1) than that of Nafion 211 (123.8 mS cm-1), was the percent conducting volume corresponding to the water uptake. The membranes were observed to comprise isolated to tailed ionic clusters of size 15-45 nm and 3-8 nm, respectively, in transmission electron microscopy images. A fuel cell containing one such material exhibited high single-cell performance-a maximum power density of 1.32 W cm2 and current density of >1600 mA cm-2 at 0.6 V. The results indicate that the material is a candidate for proton exchange membranes in fuel cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Sheng Huang
- Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (T.-S.H.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Tung-Li Hsieh
- General Education Center, Wenzao Ursuline University of Languages, Kaohsiung 80793, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Ching Lai
- Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (T.-S.H.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Hsin-Yi Wen
- Department of Green Energy and Environmental Resources, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan City 71101, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Yao Huang
- Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (T.-S.H.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Mei-Ying Chang
- Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (T.-S.H.); (C.-C.L.)
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7
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Ghorai A, Roy S, Das S, Komber H, Ghangrekar MM, Voit B, Banerjee S. Preparation of Sulfonated Polytriazoles with a Phosphaphenanthrene Unit via Click Polymerization: Fabrication of Membranes and Properties Thereof. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.1c00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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8
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Mohanty AK, Song YE, Kim JR, Kim N, Paik HJ. Phenolphthalein Anilide Based Poly(Ether Sulfone) Block Copolymers Containing Quaternary Ammonium and Imidazolium Cations: Anion Exchange Membrane Materials for Microbial Fuel Cell. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11060454. [PMID: 34203084 PMCID: PMC8233788 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11060454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A class of phenolphthalein anilide (PA)-based poly(ether sulfone) multiblock copolymers containing pendant quaternary ammonium (QA) and imidazolium (IM) groups were synthesized and evaluated as anion exchange membrane (AEM) materials. The AEMs were flexible and mechanically strong with good thermal stability. The ionomeric multiblock copolymer AEMs exhibited well-defined hydrophobic/hydrophilic phase-separated morphology in small-angle X-ray scattering and atomic force microscopy. The distinct nanophase separated membrane morphology in the AEMs resulted in higher conductivity (IECw = 1.3-1.5 mequiv./g, σ(OH-) = 30-38 mS/cm at 20 °C), lower water uptake and swelling. Finally, the membranes were compared in terms of microbial fuel cell performances with the commercial cation and anion exchange membranes. The membranes showed a maximum power density of ~310 mW/m2 (at 0.82 A/m2); 1.7 and 2.8 times higher than the Nafion 117 and FAB-PK-130 membranes, respectively. These results demonstrated that the synthesized AEMs were superior to Nafion 117 and FAB-PK-130 membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Kumar Mohanty
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Young Eun Song
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (Y.E.S.); (J.R.K.)
| | - Jung Rae Kim
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (Y.E.S.); (J.R.K.)
| | - Nowon Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
- Correspondence: (N.K.); (H.-j.P.)
| | - Hyun-jong Paik
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
- Correspondence: (N.K.); (H.-j.P.)
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9
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Ghorai A, Roy S, Das S, Komber H, Ghangrekar MM, Voit B, Banerjee S. Chemically Stable Sulfonated Polytriazoles Containing Trifluoromethyl and Phosphine Oxide Moieties for Proton Exchange Membranes. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.0c00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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10
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Ghorai A, Mandal AK, Banerjee S. Synthesis and Characterization of New Phosphorus Containing Sulfonated Polytriazoles for Proton Exchange Membrane Application. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Ghorai
- Materials Science CentreIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Arun Kumar Mandal
- Materials Science CentreIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Susanta Banerjee
- Materials Science CentreIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
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11
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Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks toward sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membranes for high concentration direct methanol fuel cell. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Kim AR, Vinothkannan M, Park CJ, Yoo DJ. Alleviating the Mechanical and Thermal Degradations of Highly Sulfonated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) Blocks via Copolymerization with Hydrophobic Unit for Intermediate Humidity Fuel Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1346. [PMID: 30961271 PMCID: PMC6401815 DOI: 10.3390/polym10121346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) is inter-connected using a hydrophobic oligomer via poly-condensation reaction to produce SPEEK analogues as PEMs. Prior sulfonation is performed for SPEEK to avoid random sulfonation of multi-block copolymers that may destroy the mechanical toughness of polymer backbone. A greater local density of ionic moieties exist in SPEEK and good thermomechanical properties of hydrophobic unit offer an unique approach to promote the proton conductivity as well as thermomechanical stability of membrane, as verify from AC impedance and TGA. The morphological behavior and phase variation of membranes are explored using FE-SEM and AFM; the triblock (XYX) membranes exhibits a nano-phase separated morphology. Performance of PEFC integrated with blend and block copolymer membranes is determined at 60 °C under 60% RH. As a result, the triblock (XYX) membrane has a high power density than blend (2X1Y) membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae Rhan Kim
- Department of Bioenvironmental Chemistry and R&D Center for CANUTECH, Business Incubation Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mohanraj Vinothkannan
- Graduate School, Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul Jin Park
- Graduate School, Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Jin Yoo
- Graduate School, Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Life Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Singh A, Banerjee S. Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Proton Conducting Sulfonated Polytriazoles. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9620-9629. [PMID: 31459093 PMCID: PMC6644650 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the synthesis and characterization of highly sulfonated polytriazole copolymers (PTSQSH-I to IV) with IECw values ranging from 2.41 to 3.49 mequiv g-1. The copolymers were synthesized by click reaction between equimolar amount of a dialkyne monomer, potassium 2,5-bis(2-propyn-1-yloxy)benzenesulfonate, and a mixture of two different diazide monomers, 4,4-bis[3'-trifluoromethyl-4'(4-azidobenzoxy)benzyl]biphenyl and 4,4'-diazido-2,2'-stilbene disulfonic acid disodium salt. The copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectroscopy techniques. The membranes were prepared by dissolving the salt form of the copolymers in dimethyl sulfoxide. The copolymers showed high thermal, mechanical, and oxidative stabilities, and the acidified membranes showed very high proton conductivity (43-173 and 132-304 mS cm-1 at 30 and 80 °C, respectively). Transmission electron microscopy images confirmed the formation of well-phase-separated morphology with interconnected hydrophilic domains (20-150 nm).
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14
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Kim AR, Vinothkannan M, Yoo DJ. Fabrication of Binary Sulfonated Poly Ether Sulfone and Sulfonated Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Co-Hexafluoro Propylene Blend Membrane as Efficient Electrolyte for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ae Rhan Kim
- Department of Bioenvironmental Chemistry and R&D Center for CANUTECH; Business Incubation Center, Chonbuk National University; Jeonju 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Mohanraj Vinothkannan
- Graduate School, Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering; Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Chonbuk National University; Jeonju 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Yoo
- Graduate School, Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering; Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Chonbuk National University; Jeonju 54896 Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju 54896 Republic of Korea
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15
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Proton-conducting phosphotungstic acid/sulfonated fluorinated block copolymer composite membrane for polymer electrolyte fuel cells with reduced hydrogen permeability. Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-2180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Saha S, Banerjee S, Komber H, Voit B. Flexible Diazide Based Sulfonated Polytriazoles and Their Proton Exchange Membrane Properties. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Saha
- Materials Science Centre; Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Susanta Banerjee
- Materials Science Centre; Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.; Hohe Strasse. 6 01067 Dresden Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.; Hohe Strasse. 6 01067 Dresden Germany
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17
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Singh A, Kumar AG, Bisoi S, Saha S, Banerjee S. Hexafluoroisopropylidene based sulfonated new copolytriazoles: investigation of proton exchange membrane properties. E-POLYMERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2016-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA series of novel sulfonated polytriazole copolymers (PTFOSH-XX) was successfully prepared by the click reaction of 4,4′-(perfluoropropane-2,2-diyl)bis((prop-2-ynyloxy)benzene (TF), 4,4′-diazido-2,2′-stilbene disulfonic acid disodium salt (SAZ) and 4,4′-diazidodiphenyl ether (OAZ). The copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The copolymers showed high mechanical, thermal and oxidative stability and low swelling. The phase separated morphology of the membranes was confirmed from transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The membranes showed proton conductivity as high as 110 and 122 mS cm−1 at 80 and 90°C, respectively depending on the polymer repeat unit structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asheesh Singh
- 1Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | | | - Soumendu Bisoi
- 1Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sayantani Saha
- 1Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Susanta Banerjee
- 2Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India, Tel.: +91-3222-283972, Fax: +91-3222-255303
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18
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Huang YC, Lee HF, Tseng YC, Lee CC, Chang MY, Huang WY. Synthesis of novel sulfonated poly(arylene ether)s containing a tetra-trifluoromethyl side chain and multi-phenyl for proton exchange membrane fuel cell application. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04731b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, a series of novel sulfonated poly(arylene ether)s consisting of tetra-trifluoromethyl-substituted multi-phenyl was synthesized and post-sulfonated to obtain sulfonated polymers with ion exchange capacities ranging from 1.27 to 2.53 mmol g−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chiang Huang
- Department of Photonics
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung 80424
- Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Feng Lee
- Department of Photonics
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung 80424
- Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Tseng
- Department of Photonics
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung 80424
- Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Lee
- Department of Photonics
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung 80424
- Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ying Chang
- Department of Photonics
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung 80424
- Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yao Huang
- Department of Photonics
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung 80424
- Taiwan
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19
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Salarizadeh P, Javanbakht M, Pourmahdian S. Enhancing the performance of SPEEK polymer electrolyte membranes using functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles with proton hopping sites. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25959f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the application of a sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK)/amine functionalized titanium dioxide nanoparticle (AFT) composite as a novel membrane in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Salarizadeh
- Department of Chemistry
- Amirkabir University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
- Fuel Cell and Solar Cell Laboratory
| | - Mehran Javanbakht
- Department of Chemistry
- Amirkabir University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
- Fuel Cell and Solar Cell Laboratory
| | - Saeed Pourmahdian
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology
- Amirkabir University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
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20
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Vinothkannan M, Kim AR, Gnana kumar G, Yoon JM, Yoo DJ. Toward improved mechanical strength, oxidative stability and proton conductivity of an aligned quadratic hybrid (SPEEK/FPAPB/Fe3O4-FGO) membrane for application in high temperature and low humidity fuel cells. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07063b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fe3O4 anchored functionalized GO is applied as a magnetically active filler as well as a solid proton conductor to realize an aligned hybrid membrane electrolyte architecture with blended polymer matrix consisting of FPAPB and SPEEK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanraj Vinothkannan
- Graduate School
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering
- Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center
- Chonbuk National University
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Rhan Kim
- R&D Center for CANUTECH
- Business Incubation Center of Chonbuk National University
- Republic of Korea
| | - G. Gnana kumar
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai 625021
- India
| | - Jeong-Mo Yoon
- Division of New Materials Engineering
- Chonbuk National University
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Yoo
- Graduate School
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering
- Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center
- Chonbuk National University
- Republic of Korea
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21
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Saha S, Mukherjee R, Singh A, Banerjee S. Synthesis, characterization and investigation of proton exchange properties of sulfonated polytriazoles from a new semifluorinated diazide monomer. POLYM ENG SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Saha
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Rajdeep Mukherjee
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Asheesh Singh
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Susanta Banerjee
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur 721302 India
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22
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Mukherjee R, Banerjee S, Komber H, Voit B. Carboxylic acid functionalized fluorinated sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers with enhanced oxidative stability. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Summers GJ, Kasiama MG, Summers CA. Poly(ether ether sulfone)s and sulfonated poly(ether ether sulfone)s derived from functionalized 1,1-diphenylethylene derivatives. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel J Summers
- Department of Chemistry; University of South Africa; PO Box 392, UNISA Pretoria 0003 South Africa
| | - M Ginette Kasiama
- Department of Chemistry; University of South Africa; PO Box 392, UNISA Pretoria 0003 South Africa
| | - Carol A Summers
- Department of Chemistry; University of South Africa; PO Box 392, UNISA Pretoria 0003 South Africa
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24
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Vinothkannan M, Kim AR, Nahm KS, Yoo DJ. Ternary hybrid (SPEEK/SPVdF-HFP/GO) based membrane electrolyte for the applications of fuel cells: profile of improved mechanical strength, thermal stability and proton conductivity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22295a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ternary hybrid membranes composed of sulfonated (poly ether ether ketone) (SPEEK), sulfonated polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (SPVdF-HFP) and 1, 3, 5 or 7 wt% graphene oxide (GO) were fabricated using a facile solution casting method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanraj Vinothkannan
- Graduate School
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering
- Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center
- Chonbuk National University
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Rhan Kim
- R&D Center for Canutech
- Business Incubation Center of Chonbuk National University
- Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Suk Nahm
- Graduate School
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering
- Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center
- Chonbuk National University
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Yoo
- Graduate School
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering
- Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center
- Chonbuk National University
- Republic of Korea
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25
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Singh A, Banerjee S, Komber H, Voit B. Synthesis and characterization of highly fluorinated sulfonated polytriazoles for proton exchange membrane application. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26821d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of polytriazole copolymers were synthesized by the click polymerization of fluorinated dialkyne with a mixture of two different diazide monomers and the proton exchange membrane properties of the copolymers were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asheesh Singh
- Materials Science Centre
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Susanta Banerjee
- Materials Science Centre
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01067 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01067 Dresden
- Germany
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26
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Yuan Z, Li X, Duan Y, Zhao Y, Zhang H. Highly stable membranes based on sulfonated fluorinated poly(ether ether ketone)s with bifunctional groups for vanadium flow battery application. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00482a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile strategy for fabricating highly stable membranes that are promising candidates for VFB systems has been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhang Yuan
- Division of Energy Storage
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- P.R. China
| | - Xianfeng Li
- Division of Energy Storage
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- P.R. China
| | - Yinqi Duan
- Division of Energy Storage
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- P.R. China
| | - Yuyue Zhao
- Division of Energy Storage
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- P.R. China
| | - Huamin Zhang
- Division of Energy Storage
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- P.R. China
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27
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Sulfonated polytriazoles from a new fluorinated diazide monomer and investigation of their proton exchange properties. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Beydaghi H, Javanbakht M, Kowsari E. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Sulfonated Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Membranes for Use in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs). Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie502491d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Beydaghi
- Department
of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15916-34311, Iran
- Fuel
Cell and Solar Cell Laboratory, Renewable Energy Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15916-34311, Iran
| | - Mehran Javanbakht
- Department
of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15916-34311, Iran
- Fuel
Cell and Solar Cell Laboratory, Renewable Energy Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15916-34311, Iran
| | - Elaheh Kowsari
- Department
of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15916-34311, Iran
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29
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Zhang Q, Wang Q, Zhan X, Chen F. Synthesis and Performance of Novel Fluorinated Acrylate Polymers: Preparation and Reactivity of Short Perfluoroalkyl Group Containing Monomers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie404217d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zhang
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Qiongyan Wang
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- Research and Development
Center, Zhejiang Sucon Silicone Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312088, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhan
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Fengqiu Chen
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
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30
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Mistri EA, Banerjee S. Cross-linked sulfonated poly(ether imide)/silica organic–inorganic hybrid materials: proton exchange membrane properties. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02137a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A hybrid proton exchange membrane with enhanced oxidative and dimensional stability as well as reduced fuel crossover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ershad Ali Mistri
- Materials Science Centre
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur-721302, India
| | - Susanta Banerjee
- Materials Science Centre
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur-721302, India
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31
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Mukherjee R, Banerjee S, Komber H, Voit B. Highly proton conducting fluorinated sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers with side chain grafting. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07291j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new copolymers HPPQSH-XX PS were synthesized from preformed sulfonated ionomers HPPQSH-XX in order to get high proton conductivity along with other excellent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdeep Mukherjee
- Materials Science Centre
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Susanta Banerjee
- Materials Science Centre
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- Dresden, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- Dresden, Germany
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32
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Sarkar P, Mohanty AK, Bandyopadhyay P, Chattopadhyay S, Banerjee S. Proton exchange properties of flexible diamine-based new fluorinated sulfonated polyimides. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46528d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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