1
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Meng Y, Wang L, Zhao G, Diao J, Qi Z, Yu M, Li Z, Niu Y, He G, Jiang X. Hydrogel Nanoparticles Enable Nucleation Barrier Regulation and Ion Anchoring as an Alternative Pathway for Monosodium Urate Monohydrate Crystallization Control. ACS NANO 2024; 18:13794-13807. [PMID: 38741414 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Gout flare-up, commonly resulting from monosodium urate monohydrate (MSUM) crystallization, has led to painful inflammatory arthritis among hundreds of millions of people. Herein, a kind of hydrogel nanoparticles (HNPs) with specific properties was developed, aimed at providing a promising pathway for MSUM crystallization control. The experimental and molecular dynamics simulation results synchronously indicate that the fabricated HNPs achieve efficient inhibition of MSUM crystallization governed by the mechanism of "host-guest interaction" even under very low-dose administration. HNPs as the host dispersed in the hyperuricemic model effectively lift the relative heterogeneous nucleation barrier of the MSUM crystal and hinder solute aggregation with strong electronegativity and hydrophobicity. The initial appearance of MSUM crystals was then delayed from 94 to 334 h. HNPs as the guest on the surface of the formed crystal can decelerate the growth rate by anchoring ions and occupying the active sites on the surface, and the terminal yield of the MSUM crystal declined to less than 1% of the control group. The good biocompatibility of HNPs (cell viability > 94%) renders it possible for future clinical applications. This study can guide the rational design of inhibitory nanomaterials and the development of their application in the control of relevant pathological crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshuang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Lingfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Guangming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Jibo Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Zhibo Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Mingyang Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 1160831, China
| | - Zhonghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Yuchao Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Gaohong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Xiaobin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
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2
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CFD simulation and experimental study of antisolvent precipitation through impinging jets for synthesis of nanodrug particles. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Lomont JP, Ralbovsky NM, Guza C, Saha-Shah A, Burzynski J, Konietzko J, Wang SC, McHugh PM, Mangion I, Smith JP. Process monitoring of polysaccharide deketalization for vaccine bioconjugation development using in situ analytical methodology. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 209:114533. [PMID: 34929570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are formed by bioconjugation of a carrier protein to the purified capsular polysaccharide (Ps) from multiple serological strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The associated bioconjugation chemistry relies on initial selective modifications to the Ps backbone structure. Among these modifications, removal of a ketal functional group, termed deketalization, is one that is important for pharmaceutical PCV production. Herein, we report a process monitoring investigation into the deketalization of a polysaccharide relevant to PCV process development. We have applied process analytical technology (PAT) for in situ process monitoring to study the deketalization reaction in real time. We find that in situ FTIR spectroscopy elucidates multiple classes of reaction kinetics, one of which correlates strongly with the deketalization reaction of interest. This PAT approach to real time reaction monitoring offers the possibility of improved process monitoring in the pharmaceutical production of PCVs. To our knowledge, this report represents the first PAT investigation into Ps deketalization. Our findings suggest that broader application of PAT to the chemical modifications associated with PCV bioconjugation, as well as other pharmaceutically relevant bioconjugation processes, carries the power to enhance process understanding, control, and efficiency through real time process monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Lomont
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
| | - Nicole M Ralbovsky
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Christine Guza
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Anumita Saha-Shah
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Joseph Burzynski
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Janelle Konietzko
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Sheng-Ching Wang
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Patrick M McHugh
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Ian Mangion
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Joseph P Smith
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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4
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Khaleghi A, Sadrameli SM, Manteghian M. Thermodynamic and kinetics investigation of homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation. REV INORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2020-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Nucleation is a fundamental process widely studied in different areas of industry and biology. This review paper comprehensively discussed the principles of classical nucleation theory (primary homogeneous), and heterogeneous nucleation. In the homogeneous part, the nucleation rate in the transient and intransient state is monitored and also heterogeneous nucleation is covered. Finally, conclusions have been deduced from the collected works studied here, and offers for future studies are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Khaleghi
- Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran Jalal AleAhmad Nasr , Tehran , The Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Sadrameli
- Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran Jalal AleAhmad Nasr , Tehran , The Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mehrdad Manteghian
- Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran Jalal AleAhmad Nasr , Tehran , The Islamic Republic of Iran
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- PengFei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering and National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - YiFei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering and National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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6
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Taris A, Hansen TB, Rong BG, Grosso M, Qu H. Detection of Nucleation during Cooling Crystallization through Moving Window PCA Applied to in Situ Infrared Data. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Taris
- Dipartimento
Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, Cagliari, 09123, Italy
| | - Thomas B. Hansen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Ben-Guang Rong
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Massimiliano Grosso
- Dipartimento
Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, Cagliari, 09123, Italy
| | - Haiyan Qu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
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7
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Li X, Yin Q, Zhang M, Hou B, Bao Y, Gong J, Hao H, Wang Y, Wang J, Wang Z. Antisolvent Crystallization of Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate in the Presence of Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b04155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory
of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, and ‡Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuxiang Yin
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory
of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, and ‡Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meijin Zhang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory
of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, and ‡Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baohong Hou
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory
of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, and ‡Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Bao
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory
of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, and ‡Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junbo Gong
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory
of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, and ‡Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxun Hao
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory
of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, and ‡Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongli Wang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory
of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, and ‡Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory
of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, and ‡Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao Wang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory
of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, and ‡Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Wu H, Read E, White M, Chavez B, Brorson K, Agarabi C, Khan M. Real time monitoring of bioreactor mAb IgG3 cell culture process dynamics via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: Implications for enabling cell culture process analytical technology. Front Chem Sci Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-015-1533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Simon LL, Pataki H, Marosi G, Meemken F, Hungerbühler K, Baiker A, Tummala S, Glennon B, Kuentz M, Steele G, Kramer HJM, Rydzak JW, Chen Z, Morris J, Kjell F, Singh R, Gani R, Gernaey KV, Louhi-Kultanen M, O’Reilly J, Sandler N, Antikainen O, Yliruusi J, Frohberg P, Ulrich J, Braatz RD, Leyssens T, von Stosch M, Oliveira R, Tan RBH, Wu H, Khan M, O’Grady D, Pandey A, Westra R, Delle-Case E, Pape D, Angelosante D, Maret Y, Steiger O, Lenner M, Abbou-Oucherif K, Nagy ZK, Litster JD, Kamaraju VK, Chiu MS. Assessment of Recent Process Analytical Technology (PAT) Trends: A Multiauthor Review. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/op500261y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hajnalka Pataki
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Marosi
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fabian Meemken
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Hungerbühler
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alfons Baiker
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Srinivas Tummala
- Chemical
Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Dr, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Brian Glennon
- Synthesis
and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, School of Chemical and Bioprocess
Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- APC Ltd, Belfield Innovation
Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Martin Kuentz
- School of Life
Sciences, Institute of Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Gerry Steele
- PharmaCryst Consulting
Ltd., Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3HN, U.K
| | - Herman J. M. Kramer
- Intensified Reaction & Separation Systems, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - James W. Rydzak
- GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, 709 Swedeland Rd, King of
Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Zengping Chen
- State Key
Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China
| | - Julian Morris
- Centre for Process Analytics & Control Technology, School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE17RU, U.K
| | - Francois Kjell
- Siemens nv/sa,
Industry
Automation − SIPAT Industry Software, Marie Curie Square 30, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ravendra Singh
- CAPEC-PROCESS,
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Building 229, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rafiqul Gani
- CAPEC-PROCESS,
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Building 229, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Krist V. Gernaey
- CAPEC-PROCESS,
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Building 229, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marjatta Louhi-Kultanen
- Department
of Chemical Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, FI-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - John O’Reilly
- Roche Ireland
Limited, Clarecastle, Co. Clare, Ireland
| | - Niklas Sandler
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Abo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Osmo Antikainen
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 4, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouko Yliruusi
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 4, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrick Frohberg
- Center of
Engineering Science, Thermal Process Engineering, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Joachim Ulrich
- Center of
Engineering Science, Thermal Process Engineering, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Richard D. Braatz
- Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tom Leyssens
- Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Moritz von Stosch
- REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal
- HybPAT, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rui Oliveira
- REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal
- HybPAT, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Reginald B. H. Tan
- Institute
of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*Star, 1 Pesek Road, Singapore 627833
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576
| | - Huiquan Wu
- Division
of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office
of Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Mansoor Khan
- Division
of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office
of Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Des O’Grady
- Mettler Toledo
AutoChem, 7075 Samuel Morse Drive, Columbia, Maryland 20146, United States
| | - Anjan Pandey
- Mettler Toledo
AutoChem, 7075 Samuel Morse Drive, Columbia, Maryland 20146, United States
| | - Remko Westra
- FMC Technologies B.V., Delta 101, 6825 MN Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel Delle-Case
- University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker
Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Detlef Pape
- ABB Corporate Research Center, Segelhofstrasse
1K, 5405, Dättwil, Baden, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Angelosante
- ABB Corporate Research Center, Segelhofstrasse
1K, 5405, Dättwil, Baden, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Maret
- ABB Corporate Research Center, Segelhofstrasse
1K, 5405, Dättwil, Baden, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Steiger
- ABB Corporate Research Center, Segelhofstrasse
1K, 5405, Dättwil, Baden, Switzerland
| | - Miklós Lenner
- ABB Corporate Research Center, Segelhofstrasse
1K, 5405, Dättwil, Baden, Switzerland
| | - Kaoutar Abbou-Oucherif
- School of
Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Zoltan K. Nagy
- School of
Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - James D. Litster
- School of
Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Vamsi Krishna Kamaraju
- Synthesis
and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, School of Chemical and Bioprocess
Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576
| | - Min-Sen Chiu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576
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10
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Zhou G, Moment A, Cuff J, Schafer W, Orella C, Sirota E, Gong X, Welch C. Process Development and Control with Recent New FBRM, PVM, and IR. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op5000978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Zhou
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, P.O. Box 2000 RY818-C306, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Aaron Moment
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, P.O. Box 2000 RY818-C306, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - James Cuff
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, P.O. Box 2000 RY818-C306, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Wes Schafer
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, P.O. Box 2000 RY818-C306, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Charles Orella
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, P.O. Box 2000 RY818-C306, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Eric Sirota
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, P.O. Box 2000 RY818-C306, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Gong
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, P.O. Box 2000 RY818-C306, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Christopher Welch
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, P.O. Box 2000 RY818-C306, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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11
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An Integrated Process Analytical Technology (PAT) Approach for Pharmaceutical Crystallization Process Understanding to Ensure Product Quality and Safety: FDA Scientist’s Perspective. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500056a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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