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Rabizadeh T, Peacock CL, Benning LG. Investigating the Effectiveness of Phosphonate Additives in Hindering the Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate Scale Formation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taher Rabizadeh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline L. Peacock
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Liane G. Benning
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Earth Sciences, Free University of Berlin, 12249 Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Open circulating cooling water system is widely used in process industry. For a system with a fixed structure, the water consumption and blowdown usually change with the varying parameters such as quality and temperature. With the purpose of water saving, it is very important to optimize the operation strategy of water systems. Considering the factors including evaporation, leakage, blowdown and heat transfer, the mass and energy conservation equations of water system are established. On this basis, the quality and temperature models of makeup and blowdown water are, respectively, developed. The water consumption and discharge profiles and the optimal operating strategy of the open recirculating cooling water system under different conditions are obtained. The concept of cycles of temperature is proposed to evaluate the temperature relationship of various parts of the open circulating cooling water system. A mathematical relationship is established to analyze the influence of the water temperature on the makeup water rate of the system under the condition of insufficient cooling capacity of the cooling tower. In addition, the co-influences of quality and temperature parameters on the system are analyzed.
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Shrestha N, Chilkoor G, Xia L, Alvarado C, Kilduff JE, Keating JJ, Belfort G, Gadhamshetty V. Integrated membrane and microbial fuel cell technologies for enabling energy-efficient effluent Re-use in power plants. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 117:37-48. [PMID: 28388506 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater is an attractive alternative to freshwater sources to meet the cooling water needs of thermal power plants. Here we offer an energy-efficient integrated microbial fuel cell (MFC)/ultrafiltration (UF) process to purify primary clarifier effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant for use as cooling water. The microbial fuel cell was shown to significantly reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the primary settled wastewater effluent upstream of the UF module, while eliminating the energy demand required to deliver dissolved oxygen in conventional aerobic treatment. We investigated surface modification of the UF membranes to control fouling. Two promising hydrophilic monomers were identified in a high-throughput search: zwitterion (2-(Methacryloyloxy)-ethyl-dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl ammoniumhydroxide, abbreviated BET SO3-), and amine (2-(Methacryloyloxy) ethyl trimethylammonium chloride, abbreviated N(CH3)3+). Monomers were grafted using UV-induced polymerization on commercial poly (ether sulfone) membranes. Filtration of MFC effluent by membranes modified with BET SO3- and N(CH3)3+ exhibited a lower rate of resistance increase and lower energy consumption than the commercially available membrane. The MFC/UF process produced high quality cooling water that meets the Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI) recommendations for COD, a suite of metals (Fe, Al, Cu, Zn, Si, Mn, S, Ca and Mg), and offered extremely low corrosion rates (<0.05 mm/yr). A series of AC and DC diagnostic tests were used to evaluate the MFC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Shrestha
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E Saint Joseph Blvd, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
| | - Govinda Chilkoor
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E Saint Joseph Blvd, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
| | - Lichao Xia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Catalina Alvarado
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - James E Kilduff
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
| | - John J Keating
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Georges Belfort
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Venkataramana Gadhamshetty
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E Saint Joseph Blvd, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA; Surface Engineering Research Center, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E Saint Joseph Blvd, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA.
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Wei L, Qin K, Zhao Q, Noguera DR, Xin M, Liu C, Keene N, Wang K, Cui F. Utilization of artificial recharged effluent as makeup water for industrial cooling system: corrosion and scaling. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 73:2559-2569. [PMID: 27191579 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The secondary effluent from wastewater treatment plants was reused for industrial cooling water after pre-treatment with a laboratory-scale soil aquifer treatment (SAT) system. Up to a 95.3% removal efficiency for suspended solids (SS), 51.4% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 32.1% for Cl(-) and 30.0% SO4(2-) were observed for the recharged secondary effluent after the SAT operation, which is essential for controlling scaling and corrosion during the cooling process. As compared to the secondary effluent, the reuse of the 1.5 m depth SAT effluent decreased the corrosion by 75.0%, in addition to a 55.1% decline of the scales/biofouling formation (with a compacted structure). The experimental results can satisfy the Chinese criterion of Design Criterion of the Industrial Circulating Cooling Water Treatment (GB 50050-95), and was more efficient than tertiary effluent which coagulated with ferric chloride. In addition, chemical structure of the scales/biofouling obtained from the cooling system was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Kena Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Daniel R Noguera
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ming Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Chengcai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Natalie Keene
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Fuyi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
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