1
|
Yeoh GH, De Cachinho Cordeiro IM, Wang W, Wang C, Yuen ACY, Chen TBY, Vargas JB, Mao G, Garbe U, Chua HT. Carbon-based Flame Retardants for Polymers: A Bottom-up Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403835. [PMID: 38814633 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
This state-of-the-art review is geared toward elucidating the molecular understanding of the carbon-based flame-retardant mechanisms for polymers via holistic characterization combining detailed analytical assessments and computational material science. The use of carbon-based flame retardants, which include graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon dots (CDs), and fullerenes, in their pure and functionalized forms are initially reviewed to evaluate their flame retardancy performance and to determine their elevation of the flammability resistance on various types of polymers. The early transition metal carbides such as MXenes, regarded as next-generation carbon-based flame retardants, are discussed with respect to their superior flame retardancy and multifunctional applications. At the core of this review is the utilization of cutting-edge molecular dynamics (MD) simulations which sets a precedence of an alternative bottom-up approach to fill the knowledge gap through insights into the thermal resisting process of the carbon-based flame retardants, such as the formation of carbonaceous char and intermediate chemical reactions offered by the unique carbon bonding arrangements and microscopic in-situ architectures. Combining MD simulations with detailed experimental assessments and characterization, a more targeted development as well as a systematic material synthesis framework can be realized for the future development of advanced flame-retardant polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guan Heng Yeoh
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Kirrawee DC, Sydney, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | | | - Wei Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Anthony Chun Yin Yuen
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Timothy Bo Yuan Chen
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Juan Baena Vargas
- Commonwealth Science Industry Research Organisation (CSIRO), North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2113, Australia
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ulf Garbe
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Kirrawee DC, Sydney, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Hui Tong Chua
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cherednichenko K, Kopitsyn D, Smirnov E, Nikolaev N, Fakhrullin R. Fireproof Nanocomposite Polyurethane Foams: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102314. [PMID: 37242889 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
First introduced in 1954, polyurethane foams rapidly became popular because of light weight, high chemical stability, and outstanding sound and thermal insulation properties. Currently, polyurethane foam is widely applied in industrial and household products. Despite tremendous progress in the development of various formulations of versatile foams, their use is hindered due to high flammability. Fire retardant additives can be introduced into polyurethane foams to enhance their fireproof properties. Nanoscale materials employed as fire-retardant components of polyurethane foams have the potential to overcome this problem. Here, we review the recent (last 5 years) progress that has been made in polyurethane foam modification using nanomaterials to enhance its flame retardance. Different groups of nanomaterials and approaches for incorporating them into foam structures are covered. Special attention is given to the synergetic effects of nanomaterials with other flame-retardant additives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Cherednichenko
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, National University of Oil and Gas "Gubkin University", Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kopitsyn
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, National University of Oil and Gas "Gubkin University", Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Egor Smirnov
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, National University of Oil and Gas "Gubkin University", Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nikita Nikolaev
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, National University of Oil and Gas "Gubkin University", Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Rawil Fakhrullin
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, National University of Oil and Gas "Gubkin University", Moscow 119991, Russia
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kreml Uramı 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen L, Wang CF, Liu C, Chen S. Facile Access to Fabricate Carbon Dots and Perspective of Large-Scale Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022:e2206671. [PMID: 36479832 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), fluorescent carbon nanoparticles with particle sizes < 10 nm, are constantly being developed for potential large-scale applications. Recently, methods allow CD synthesis to be carried out on large-scale preparation in a controlled fashion are potentially important for multiple disciplines, including bottom-up strategy, top-down method. In this review, the recent progresses in the research of the methods for large-scale production of CDs and their functionalization are summarized. Especially, the methods of CD synthesis, such as large-scale preparation, hydrothermal/solvothermal, microwave-assisted, magnetic hyperthermia microfluidic and other methods, along with functionalization of CDs, are summarized in detail. By promising applications of CDs, there are three aspects have been already reported, such as enhancing mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and energy storage. Also, future development of CDs is prospected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lintao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional, Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional, Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional, Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional, Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu BW, Zhao HB, Wang YZ. Advanced Flame-Retardant Methods for Polymeric Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107905. [PMID: 34837231 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most organic polymeric materials have high flammability, for which the large amounts of smoke, toxic gases, heat, and melt drips produced during their burning cause immeasurable damages to human life and property every year. Despite some desirable results having been achieved by conventional flame-retardant methods, their application is encountering more and more difficulties with the ever-increasing high flame-retardant requirements such as high flame-retardant efficiency, great persistence, low release of heat, smoke, and toxic gases, and more importantly not deteriorating or even enhancing the overall properties of polymers. Under such condition, some advanced flame-retardant methods have been developed in the past years based on "all-in-one" intumescence, nanotechnology, in situ reinforcement, intrinsic char formation, plasma treatment, biomimetic coatings, etc., which have provided potential solutions to the dilemma of conventional flame-retardant methods. This review briefly outlines the development, application, and problems of conventional flame-retardant methods, including bulk-additive, bulk-copolymerization, and surface treatment, and focuses on the raise, development, and potential application of advanced flame-retardant methods. The future development of flame-retardant methods is further discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Liu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yadav A, de Souza FM, Dawsey T, Gupta RK. Recent Advancements in Flame-Retardant Polyurethane Foams: A Review. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anilkumar Yadav
- National Institute for Materials Advancement, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, United States
| | - Felipe M. de Souza
- National Institute for Materials Advancement, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, United States
| | - Tim Dawsey
- National Institute for Materials Advancement, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, United States
| | - Ram K. Gupta
- National Institute for Materials Advancement, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Piao J, Ren J, Wang Y, Feng T, Wang Y, Lu M, Jiao C, Chen X. Green biobased P‐N coating: Towards waste‐minimization flame retardant flexible polyurethane foam. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junxiu Piao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyong Ren
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Yaofei Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Feng
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxuan Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanmei Jiao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Xilei Chen
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liang Q, Pan Y, Lü T, Zhao H. Study on the thermal stability and flame retardancy of nanocarbon black based layer-by-layer self-assembled coating modified flexible polyurethane foam. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.2015776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianyong Liang
- Institute of Environmental Materials and Applications, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Ying Pan
- Institute of Environmental Materials and Applications, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Ting Lü
- Institute of Environmental Materials and Applications, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Hongting Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Materials and Applications, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, PR China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jin X, Cui S, Sun S, Sun J, Zhang S. The Preparation and Characterization of Polylactic Acid Composites with Chitin-Based Intumescent Flame Retardants. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3513. [PMID: 34685273 PMCID: PMC8536992 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a novel intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system was fabricated by the introduction of chitin as a green charring agent, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as the acid source, and melamine (MEL) as the gas source. The obtained chitin-based IFR was then incorporated into a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix using melt compounding. The fire resistance of PLA/chitin composites was investigated via the limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning, and cone calorimeter (CONE) tests. The results demonstrated that the combination of 10%APP, 5%chitin and 5%MEL could result in a 26.0% LOI, a V-0 rating after UL and a 51.2% reduction in the peak heat release rate during the CONE test. Based on the mechanism analysis from both the morphology and the chemical structure of the char, it was suggested that chitin was a promising candidate as a charring agent for chitin reacted with APP and MEL with the formation of an intumescent layer on the surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Jin
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (X.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Suping Cui
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (X.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Shibing Sun
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (X.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Jun Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (J.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (J.S.); (S.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hejna A. Clays as Inhibitors of Polyurethane Foams' Flammability. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4826. [PMID: 34500914 PMCID: PMC8432671 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethanes are a very important group of polymers with an extensive range of applications in different branches of industry. In the form of foams, they are mainly used in bedding, furniture, building, construction, and automotive sectors. Due to human safety reasons, these applications require an appropriate level of flame retardance, often required by various law regulations. Nevertheless, without the proper modifications, polyurethane foams are easily ignitable, highly flammable, and generate an enormous amount of smoke during combustion. Therefore, proper modifications or additives should be introduced to reduce their flammability. Except for the most popular phosphorus-, halogen-, or nitrogen-containing flame retardants, promising results were noted for the application of clays. Due to their small particle size and flake-like shape, they induce a "labyrinth effect" inside the foam, resulting in the delay of decomposition onset, reduction of smoke generation, and inhibition of heat, gas, and mass transfer. Moreover, clays can be easily modified with different organic compounds or used along with conventional flame retardants. Such an approach may often result in the synergy effect, which provides the exceptional reduction of foams' flammability. This paper summarizes the literature reports related to the applications of clays in the reduction of polyurethane foams' flammability, either by their incorporation as a nanofiller or by preparation of coatings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Hejna
- Department of Polymer Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang F, Xie M, Yudi Z, Xu X. Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with different diameters on morphology and thermal and mechanical properties of flexible polyurethane foams. CELLULAR POLYMERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/02624893211017284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report flexible polyurethane foams (PUFs) containing –OH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with different diameters (10–20 nm, 20–30 nm, >50 nm) from 0.1–0.6 wt% (per 100 resins of polyol by weight) prepared via in situ polymerization. After synthesis, the morphology of the MWCNT/PUF composites was observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) based on MWCNT amount. The MWCNTs acted as nucleating agents and increased the matrix viscosity. The pore size of the composites decreased and the number of pores increased with increasing MWCNT concentration. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that the storage modulus of the composites increased, the loss modulus decreased, and the Tg gradually decreased with increasing MWCNT content. The incorporation of MWCNTs induced remarkable thermal stabilization of the matrix. The increase in the degradation temperature from 294°C to 304°C resulted in a 50% weight loss. The mechanical properties of the MWCNT/PUF materials increased with increasing MWCNT proportion because of the excellent compatibility and strong interface interaction between the MWCNT and flexible PUF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fukai Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, Liaoning, China
| | - Miao Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhang Yudi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu YJ, Qu LY, Liu Y, Zhu P. An overview of alginates as flame-retardant materials: Pyrolysis behaviors, flame retardancy, and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
12
|
Exceptionally flame-retardant flexible polyurethane foam composites: synergistic effect of the silicone resin/graphene oxide coating. Front Chem Sci Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-020-1988-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
13
|
Pan H, Ma W, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Lu F, Yu B, Zhang X. Co-Effect Flame Retardation of Co 3O 4-Loaded Titania Nanotubes and α-Zirconium Phosphate in the Epoxy Matrix. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:28475-28482. [PMID: 33195897 PMCID: PMC7658943 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Like most macromolecule polymers, epoxy resin (EP) is easy to burn, and there are great fire safety hazards in the process of use. Therefore, how to improve the fire safety of EP becomes one of the problems to be considered in the application of EP. In this study, tricobalt tetraoxide (Co3O4)-loaded TiO2 nanotube (TNT) (Co3O4-TNT) hybrid material was prepared by the co-precipitation method, and organophilic α-ZrP (OZrP) was obtained by hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide-intercalated α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) which was prepared by the hydrothermal synthesis method. Then, a series of nanocomposites were obtained by adding the synthesized nanomaterials to the EP at a certain ratio. The structure and morphology characterization indicated that Co3O4-TNTs and OZrP were synthesized successfully. The results of thermogravimetric analysis showed that the co-addition of Co3O4-TNTs and OZrP could further enhance the thermal stability of EP. The results of a cone calorimeter showed that EP/OZrP/Co3O4-TNTs had the lowest peak heat release rate and total heat release, which decreased by 36.2 and 35.4%, respectively, compared with the pure EP. This indicates that Co3O4-TNTs and OZrP had a good synergetic flame retardant effect and could effectively enhance the flame retardancy of EP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Pan
- Faculty
of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Ma
- Faculty
of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zinan Zhang
- Faculty
of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Faculty
of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuqiang Lu
- Faculty
of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bihao Yu
- Bureau
of Emergency Management of Ningbo Daxie Development Zone, Ningbo 315812, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- School
of Architectural Economics and Engineering Management, Hubei Business College, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kabir II, Sorrell CC, Mofarah SS, Yang W, Yuen ACY, Nazir MT, Yeoh GH. Alginate/Polymer-Based Materials for Fire Retardancy: Synthesis, Structure, Properties, and Applications. POLYM REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2020.1801726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imrana I. Kabir
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Charles C. Sorrell
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sajjad S. Mofarah
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony Chun Yin Yuen
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Muhammad Tariq Nazir
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Guan Heng Yeoh
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu W, Chen R, Du Y, Wang G. Design water-soluble phenolic/zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 flame retardant coating via layer-by-layer assembly technology: Enhanced flame retardancy and smoke suppression of flexible polyurethane foam. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
16
|
Qiu X, Li Z, Li X, Yu L, Zhang Z. Construction and flame‐retardant performance of layer‐by‐layer assembled hexagonal boron nitride coatings on flexible polyurethane foams. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Qiu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid NanomaterialsHenan University Kaifeng 475004 People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Material and Applications of Henan ProvinceHenan University Kaifeng 475004 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid NanomaterialsHenan University Kaifeng 475004 People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Material and Applications of Henan ProvinceHenan University Kaifeng 475004 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid NanomaterialsHenan University Kaifeng 475004 People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Material and Applications of Henan ProvinceHenan University Kaifeng 475004 People's Republic of China
| | - Laigui Yu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid NanomaterialsHenan University Kaifeng 475004 People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Material and Applications of Henan ProvinceHenan University Kaifeng 475004 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid NanomaterialsHenan University Kaifeng 475004 People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Material and Applications of Henan ProvinceHenan University Kaifeng 475004 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chatterjee S, Shanmuganathan K, Kumaraswamy G. Fire-Retardant, Self-Extinguishing Inorganic/Polymer Composite Memory Foams. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:44864-44872. [PMID: 29206442 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric foams used in furniture and automotive and aircraft seating applications rely on the incorporation of environmentally hazardous fire-retardant additives to meet fire safety norms. This has occasioned significant interest in novel approaches to the elimination of fire-retardant additives. Foams based on polymer nanocomposites or based on fire-retardant coatings show compromised mechanical performance and require additional processing steps. Here, we demonstrate a one-step preparation of a fire-retardant ice-templated inorganic/polymer hybrid that does not incorporate fire-retardant additives. The hybrid foams exhibit excellent mechanical properties. They are elastic to large compressional strain, despite the high inorganic content. They also exhibit tunable mechanical recovery, including viscoelastic "memory". These hybrid foams are prepared using ice-templating that relies on a green solvent, water, as a porogen. Because these foams are predominantly comprised of inorganic components, they exhibit exceptional fire retardance in torch burn tests and are self-extinguishing. After being subjected to a flame, the foam retains its porous structure and does not drip or collapse. In micro-combustion calorimetry, the hybrid foams show a peak heat release rate that is only 25% that of a commercial fire-retardant polyurethanes. Finally, we demonstrate that we can use ice-templating to prepare hybrid foams with different inorganic colloids, including cheap commercial materials. We also demonstrate that ice-templating is amenable to scale up, without loss of mechanical performance or fire-retardant properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumyajyoti Chatterjee
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Kadhiravan Shanmuganathan
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Guruswamy Kumaraswamy
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110025, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Wang Y, Yang X, Peng H, Wang F, Liu X, Yang Y, Hao J. Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Multifunctional Flame Retardant Based on Brucite, 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and Alginate and Its Applications in Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Resin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:9925-9935. [PMID: 27002922 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and multifunctional brucite/3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)/nickel alginate/APTES (B/A/Nia/A) hybrid flame retardant was fabricated via the layer-by-layer assembly technique with brucite, silane coupling agents, nickel chloride, and sodium alginate. The morphology, chemical composition, and structure of the hybrid flame retardant were characterized. The results confirmed the multilayer structure and indicated that the assembled driving forces were electrostatic interactions, dehydration condensation, hydrogen bonds, and coordination bonds. When used in ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) resin, the multifunctional flame retardant had better performance than brucite in improving the flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and mechanical properties. With 130 phr loading, the multifunctional flame retardant achieved a limiting oxygen index value of 32.3% and a UL 94 V-0 rating, whereas the brucite achieved only 31.1% and a V-2 rating, respectively. The peak heat release rate and total heat released decreased by 41.5% and 8.9%, respectively. The multifunctional flame retardant had an excellent performance in reducing the smoke, CO, and CO2 production rates. These improvements could be attributed to the catalyzing carbonization of nickel compounds and the formation of more protective char layers. Moreover, the elongation at break increased by 97.5%, which benefited from the improved compatibility and the sacrificial bonds in the nickel alginate. The mechanism of flame retardant, smoke suppression, and toughening is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Wang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Hui Peng
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xiu Liu
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yunguo Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jianwei Hao
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang XC, Jing X, Peng YY, Ma ZK, Liu CT, Turng LS, Shen CY. The effect of nanoclay on the crystallization behavior, microcellular structure, and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposite foams. POLYM ENG SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Chao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technologies; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Wisconsin
- Polymer Engineering Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Wisconsin
| | - Xin Jing
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Yi-Yan Peng
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Wisconsin
- Polymer Engineering Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Wisconsin
| | - Zhi-Kui Ma
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Wisconsin
- Polymer Engineering Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Wisconsin
| | - Chun-Tai Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technologies; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Lih-Sheng Turng
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Wisconsin
- Polymer Engineering Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Wisconsin
| | - Chang-Yu Shen
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technologies; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang W, Pan H, Yu B, Pan Y, Song L, Liew KM, Hu Y. Fabrication of carbon black coated flexible polyurethane foam for significantly improved fire safety. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06170a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fire resistant coatings, composed of nanosized carbon black (CB) and polyurethane acrylate (PUA), were synthesized through a facile and low-cost method to improve the fire safety and thermal stability of flexible polyurethane foam (FPU).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety
| | - Haifeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety
| | - Ying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
| | - Kim Meow Liew
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety
- Suzhou Institute of University of Science and Technology of China
- Suzhou
- People's Republic of China
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety
| |
Collapse
|