Epoxidation of the Commercially Relevant Divinylbenzene with [tetrakis-(Pentafluorophenyl)porphyrinato]iron(III) Chloride and Its Derivatives

Preparation and characterization of a low viscosity epoxy resin derived from m-divinylbenzene

To explore thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy material, difunctional aromatic epoxy--divinylbenzene dioxide (DVBDO) had been synthesized by epoxidizing divinylbenzene, using the metal acetylacetone compound grafted Fe3O4 particles as the catalyst. The catalyet had high conversion and epoxy selectivity and could be recyclable. Then the polymerization of DVBDO with different diamine curing agents were reported. The structure and viscosity of DVBDO were firstly characterized. Because it had low molecular weight and viscosity, DVBDO had excellent liquidity and formability. Subsequently to clarify the properties of epoxy thermosets, experiments to determine thermal and mechanical performances were carried out, such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and tensile test. It could be observed that the thermoset polymers using DVBDO as epoxy matrix had excellent thermal (Tg was about 201°C) and mechanical properties (tensile strength was 131.99Mpa). Possibly considering that this kind of thermoset polymers had higher rigidity and crosslink density. In conclusion, a new type of one-component liquid epoxy encapsulant material with low viscosity, good filling fluidity, strong heat resistance and excellent storage performance had been developed.

Applications of Fluorous Porphyrinoids: An Update†

Porphyrins and related macrocycles have been studied broadly for their applications in medicine and materials because of their tunable physicochemical, optoelectronic and magnetic properties. In this review article, we focused on the applications of fluorinated porphyrinoids and their supramolecular systems and summarized the reports published on these chromophores in the past 5-6 years. The commercially available fluorinated porphyrinoids: meso-perfluorophenylporphyrin (TPPF₂₀ ) perfluorophthalocyanine (PcF₁₆ ) and meso-perfluorophenylcorrole (CorF₁₅ ) have increased photo and oxidative stability due to the presence of fluoro groups. Because of their tunable properties and robustness toward oxidative damage these porphyrinoid-based chromophores continue to gain attention of researchers developing advanced functional materials for applications such as sensors, photonic devices, component for solar cells, biomedical imaging, theranostics and catalysts.

New porphyrins: synthesis, characterization, and computational studies

New trans-A₂B₂-porphyrins substituted at phenyl positions were synthesized from 4-methylphthalic acid as a starting material through sequential multistep reactions. These macrocycles were characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, ¹⁹F NMR, ¹H-¹H COSY NMR, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Computational studies were performed on the porphyrins to investigate various factors such as structural features, electronic energy, energy gaps, and aromaticity. Energy band gap values of these compounds especially N-hydroxyphthalimide-functionalized porphyrins were small that makes them as good candidates for solar cell systems and photocatalysis. Relationships between electronic energies and aromaticity of the compounds were then investigated. The data indicated that the aromaticity features at the center of two series of these compounds (fluorinated and non-fluorinated porphyrins) were in the opposite manner.

Vanadyl β-tetrabromoporphyrin: synthesis, crystal structure and its use as an efficient and selective catalyst for olefin epoxidation in aqueous medium

We hereby report the synthesis, characterization and catalytic applications in the epoxidation of alkenes by a vanadyl porphyrin having bulky bromo substituents at the β-positions viz. vanandyltetrabromotetraphenylporphyrin (1). The synthesized porphyrin was characterized by various spectroscopic techniques like UV-visible, FT-IR, EPR, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and single crystal X-ray analysis. Porphyrin 1 has a nonplanar structure as indicated by its X-ray structure, DFT and electrochemical studies. 1 was analyzed for its catalytic application in the epoxidation of various alkenes. The catalytic reactions were carried out in CH₃CN/H₂O mixture in 3 : 1 (v/v) ratio. 1 displayed good efficiency in terms of mild reaction conditions, lower reaction temperature and minimal catalyst amount consumption. 1 exhibited excellent selectivity, high conversion efficiency and huge TOF (7600–9800 h⁻¹) in a significantly low reaction time of 0.5 h. Catalyst 1 was regenerated at the end of various catalytic cycles making it reusable and industrially important.

We have synthesized β-tetrabromo-meso-tetraphenylporphyrinatooxidovanadium(iv) (VOTPPBr₄) which possesses high thermal stability and nonplanar macrocyclic core. Further, it was utilized for selective epoxidation of olefins in good yields with very high TOF numbers.

Synthesis and structural, photophysical, electrochemical redox and axial ligation properties of highly electron deficient perchlorometalloporphyrins and selective CN− sensing by Co(ii) complexes

Synthesis and characterization of MTPP(NO₂)Cl₇ have been reported. Zn^II porphyrins exhibited higher Lewis acidity as compared to perbromoporphyrins. Co^II porphyrins were utilized for the selective rapid visual detection of cyanide ions.

Fe-Porphyrin functionalized microporous organic nanotube networks and their application for the catalytic olefination of aldehydes and carbene insertion into N–H bonds

Fe-Porphyrin functionalized microporous organic nanotubes networks were synthesized by an in situ hyper-crosslinking reaction between bottlebrush copolymers and meso-tetraphenylporphyrin iron(iii) chloride.

Electron deficient nonplanar β-octachlorovanadylporphyrin as a highly efficient and selective epoxidation catalyst for olefins

Highly electron deficient and nonplanar β-octachlorovanadylporphyrin (VOTPPCl₈) was synthesized and utilized for selective epoxidation of olefins with very high TOF numbers (6566-9650 h⁻¹).