1
|
Application of Magnesium Oxide Media for Remineralization and Removal of Divalent Metals in Drinking Water Treatment: A Review. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14040633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The post-treatment of soft and desalinated waters is an integral step in the production of quality drinking water. Remineralization is therefore often essential in order to stabilize the effluent for distribution and to attain mineral levels that fulfill aesthetic and health goals. According to the World Health Organization, magnesium (Mg2+) is a nutrient essential to human health. This review summarizes the effectiveness of magnesium oxide (MgO) media for soft water remineralization, as well as its potential for divalent metal removal (e.g., Mn, Cu, and Zn), which is of particular interest in small or residential applications. We present MgO sources, properties, and dissolution mechanisms. Water treatment applications are then reviewed, and the available design models are critically appraised in regard to remineralization and contaminant removal processes. In addition, we review the process operation challenges and costs. Finally, we discuss the use of MgO in combination with calcite and address the technical advantages and limitations compared to other available methods.
Collapse
|
2
|
Bo J, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Mechanism, kinetic model and hydrogen ion apparent diffusion coefficient in magnesium hydroxide dissolution by pressurized carbonated water. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-017-1230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
3
|
Fricker KJ, Park AHA. Investigation of the Different Carbonate Phases and Their Formation Kinetics during Mg(OH)2 Slurry Carbonation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie503131s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J. Fricker
- Department of Earth and Environmental
Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Lenfest Center for
Sustainable Energy, Columbia University, 918 S.W. Mudd Hall, Mailcode 4711, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ah-Hyung Alissa Park
- Department of Earth and Environmental
Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Lenfest Center for
Sustainable Energy, Columbia University, 918 S.W. Mudd Hall, Mailcode 4711, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Smithson GL, Bakhshi NN. The kinetics and mechanism of the hydration of magnesium oxide in a batch reactor. CAN J CHEM ENG 1969. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450470602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|