1
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Wang S, Xiong X, Liu P, Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Tao C, Wang Y, Liu Z. CFD simulation of hydrodynamics and mixing performance in dual shaft eccentric mixers. Chin J Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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2
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Study on cavern evolution and performance of three mixers in agitation of yield-pseudoplastic fluids. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Xie L, He G, Yu B, Yan S. Evaluation of the mixing quality of high-viscosity yield stress fluids in a tubular reactor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2020-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, the mixing quality of high-viscosity yield stress fluid (Carbopol aqueous solution) under laminar and turbulent flow regimes was evaluated through a numerical experimental study. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics large-eddy simulation (CFD-LES) model was employed to capture large-scale vortex structures. The proposed CFD model was validated by the experimental data in terms of mean velocity profiles and velocity-time history. Thereafter, the CFD model was applied to simulate the residence time distribution using the tracking technique: tracer pulse method and step method. In addition, the non-ideal flow phenomena caused by molecular diffusion and eddy diffusion were evaluated. The effects of the rheological properties on the mixing performance were also investigated. The presented results can provide useful guidance to enhance mass transfer in reactors with high-viscosity fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Central South University , Changsha 410083 , Hunan , China
| | - Guangwen He
- Hunan Yujia Cosmetics Manufacturing Co., Ltd. , Changsha , 410205 , Hunan , China
| | - Bin Yu
- Hunan Yujia Cosmetics Manufacturing Co., Ltd. , Changsha , 410205 , Hunan , China
| | - Shaowei Yan
- Hunan Yujia Cosmetics Manufacturing Co., Ltd. , Changsha , 410205 , Hunan , China
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4
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Fernandes del Pozo D, Liné A, Van Geem KM, Le Men C, Nopens I. Hydrodynamic analysis of an axial impeller in a non‐Newtonian fluid through particle image velocimetry. AIChE J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alain Liné
- INSA, INRA, CNRSTBI, University of Toulouse Toulouse France
| | | | - Claude Le Men
- INSA, INRA, CNRSTBI, University of Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Ingmar Nopens
- BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical ModellingGhent University Ghent Belgium
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5
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Mixing viscoplastic fluids in stirred vessels over multiple scales: A combined experimental and CFD approach. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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A Comparative Study of Biogas Reactor Fluid Rheology—Implications for Mixing Profile and Power Demand. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7100700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an established process for integrating waste management with renewable energy and nutrient recovery. Much of the research in this field focuses on the utilisation of new substrates, yet their effects on operational aspects such as fluid behaviour and power requirement for mixing are commonly overlooked, despite their importance for process optimisation. This study analysed rheological characteristics of samples from 21 laboratory-scale continuous stirred-tank biogas reactors (CSTBRs) digesting a range of substrates, in order to evaluate substrate effect on mixing efficiency and power demand through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results show that substrate and process parameters, such as solids content and organic loading, all have a significant effect on CSTBR fluid rheology. The correlation levels between rheological and process parameters were different across substrates, while no specific fluid behaviour patterns could be associated with substrate choice. Substrate should thus be considered an equally important rheology effector as process parameters. Additional substrate-related parameters should be identified to explain the differences in correlations between rheological and process parameters across substrate groups. The CFD modelling revealed that the rheology differences among the AD processes have significant implications for mixing efficiency and power demand of the CSTBRs, highlighting the importance of considering the substrate-induced effects on CSTBR rheology before including a new substrate.
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7
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Márquez-Baños VE, De La Concha-Gómez AD, Valencia-López JJ, López-Yáñez A, Ramírez-Muñoz J. Shear rate and direct numerical calculation of the Metzner-Otto constant for a pitched blade turbine. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Naghavi-Anaraki Y, Turcotte G, Ein-Mozaffari F. Characterization of mixing and yield stress of pretreated wheat straw slurries used for the production of biofuels through tomography technique. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:1315-1328. [PMID: 29845390 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Wheat straw is a low-cost feedstock for the production of biofuel. Pretreatment process is an important stage in producing biofuels since it makes the fibers more accessible to enzymatic hydrolysis which is the final step of producing biofuels. Pretreated wheat straw (PWS) slurries are non-Newtonian fluids with yield stress. Mixing of fluids exhibiting yield stress such as the pretreated wheat straw slurry results in the generation of cavern, which is a fully-mixed zone, around the impeller and the stationary regions elsewhere, which causes difficulties in the production of biofuels. In this study, the non-invasive electrical resistance tomography technique was utilized to determine the cavern dimensions as a function of the impeller type and impeller speed. The cavern sizes were then used to measure the yield stress of PWS slurries as a function of fiber size (≤ 2 and ≤ 6 mm) and fiber concentration (6, 8, and 10 wt%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Naghavi-Anaraki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Ginette Turcotte
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Farhad Ein-Mozaffari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada.
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Du J, Cao Y, Liu G, Zhao J, Li X, Qu Y. Identifying and overcoming the effect of mass transfer limitation on decreased yield in enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose at high solid concentrations. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 229:88-95. [PMID: 28110129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose conversion decreases significantly with increasing solid concentrations during enzymatic hydrolysis of insoluble lignocellulosic materials. Here, mass transfer limitation was identified as a significant determining factor of this decrease by studying the hydrolysis of delignified corncob residue in shake flask, the most used reaction vessel in bench scale. Two mass transfer efficiency-related factors, mixing speed and flask filling, were shown to correlate closely with cellulose conversion at solid loadings higher than 15% DM. The role of substrate characteristics in mass transfer performance was also significant, which was revealed by the saccharification of two corn stover substrates with different pretreatment methods at the same solid loading. Several approaches including premix, fed-batch operation, and particularly the use of horizontal rotating reactor were shown to be valid in facilitating cellulose conversion via improving mass transfer efficiency at solid concentrations higher than 15% DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 250100, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 250100, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 250100, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 250100, China
| | - Xuezhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 250100, China
| | - Yinbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 250100, China; National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, 250100, China.
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Kazemzadeh A, Ein-Mozaffari F, Lohi A, Pakzad L. Effect of Impeller Spacing on the Flow Field of Yield-Pseudoplastic Fluids Generated by a Coaxial Mixing System Composed of Two Central Impellers and an Anchor. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2016.1277520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Argang Kazemzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Farhad Ein-Mozaffari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali Lohi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leila Pakzad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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Kazemzadeh A, Ein-Mozaffari F, Lohi A, Pakzad L. A new perspective in the evaluation of the mixing of biopolymer solutions with different coaxial mixers comprising of two dispersing impellers and a wall scraping anchor. Chem Eng Res Des 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Kazemzadeh A, Ein-Mozaffari F, Lohi A, Pakzad L. Effect of the rheological properties on the mixing of Herschel-Bulkley fluids with coaxial mixers: Applications of tomography, CFD, and response surface methodology. CAN J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Argang Kazemzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Ryerson University; 350 Victoria Street Toronto ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Farhad Ein-Mozaffari
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Ryerson University; 350 Victoria Street Toronto ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Ali Lohi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Ryerson University; 350 Victoria Street Toronto ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Leila Pakzad
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Lakehead University; 955 Oliver Road Thunder Bay ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
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Fathi Roudsari S, Dhib R, Ein-Mozaffari F. Using a Novel CFD Model to Assess the Effect of Mixing Parameters on Emulsion Polymerization. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201500019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shideh Fathi Roudsari
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Ryerson University; 350 Victoria Street Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Ramdhane Dhib
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Ryerson University; 350 Victoria Street Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Farhad Ein-Mozaffari
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Ryerson University; 350 Victoria Street Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada
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14
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Patel D, Ein-Mozaffari F, Mehrvar M. Effect of rheological parameters on non-ideal flows in the continuous-flow mixing of biopolymer solutions. Chem Eng Res Des 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Patel D, Ein-Mozaffari F, Mehrvar M. Tomography images to analyze the deformation of the cavern in the continuous-flow mixing of non-Newtonian fluids. AIChE J 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dineshkumar Patel
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Ryerson University; Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada
| | | | - Mehrab Mehrvar
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Ryerson University; Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada
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16
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A novel and energy-efficient coaxial mixer for agitation of non-Newtonian fluids possessing yield stress. Chem Eng Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Patel D, Ein-Mozaffari F, Mehrvar M. Characterization of the continuous-flow mixing of non-Newtonian fluids using the ratio of residence time to batch mixing time. Chem Eng Res Des 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Lavenson DM, Tozzi EJ, Karuna N, Jeoh T, Powell RL, McCarthy MJ. The effect of mixing on the liquefaction and saccharification of cellulosic fibers. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 111:240-7. [PMID: 22342045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic material is a key step in the biochemical routes for production of renewable fuels and chemicals. This must be performed at high solids to be economically viable. High solids operations creates numerous processing challenges, most importantly the limitations due to mass transfer and poor mixing of enzymes in the cellulose suspensions. We use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a cylindrical penetrometer, and HPLC to demonstrate the importance of spatial homogeneity in the distribution of enzyme on the rates of liquefaction of the substrate and in the suspension mechanical strength. Our results show that the largest mechanical strength changes occur in a narrow interval of time during the initial stages of conversion. Differences in enzyme concentration distribution occurring at the centimeter-scale produced order of magnitude differences in liquefaction and saccharification rates, supporting the hypothesis that mixing quality has a major influence in both liquefaction and saccharification rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Lavenson
- Department of Chemical & Materials Science Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Improving the dynamic performance of continuous-flow mixing of pseudoplastic fluids possessing yield stress using Maxblend impeller. Chem Eng Res Des 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2011.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Patel D, Ein-Mozaffari F, Mehrvar M. Effect of impeller type on continuous-flow mixing of non-Newtonian fluids in stirred vessels through dynamic tests. CAN J CHEM ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.21628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Patel VR, Ein-Mozaffari F, Upreti SR. Effect of time delays in characterizing the continuous mixing of non-Newtonian fluids in stirred-tank reactors. Chem Eng Res Des 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2011.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Sharma C, Malhotra D, Rathore AS. Review of Computational fluid dynamics applications in biotechnology processes. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:1497-1510. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Patel D, Ein-Mozaffari F, Mehrvar M. Dynamic Performance of Continuous-Flow Mixing of Pseudoplastic Fluids Exhibiting Yield Stress in Stirred Reactors. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie102388y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dineshkumar Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Farhad Ein-Mozaffari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Mehrab Mehrvar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3 Canada
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Patel H, Dhib R, Ein-Mozaffari F. Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of a Styrene Polymerization Reactor. Chem Eng Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200900440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Prajapati P, Ein-Mozaffari F. CFD Investigation of the Mixing of Yield-Pseudoplastic Fluids with Anchor Impellers. Chem Eng Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200800511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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