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Abstract
Heavy petroleum industries, including the Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) unit, are among some of the biggest contributors to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The FCC unit’s regenerator is where these emissions originate mostly, meaning the operation of FCC regenerators has come under scrutiny in recent years due to the global mitigation efforts against climate change, affecting both current operations and the future of the FCC unit. As a result, it is more important than ever to develop models that are accurate and reliable at predicting emissions of various greenhouse gases to keep up with new reporting guidelines that will help optimise the unit for increased coke conversion and lower operating costs. Part 1 of this paper was dedicated to reviewing the riser section of the FCC unit. Part 2 reviews traditional modelling methodologies used in modelling and simulating the FCC regenerator. Hydrodynamics and kinetics of the regenerator are discussed in terms of experimental data and modelling. Modelling of constitutive parts that are important to the FCC unit, such as gas–solid cyclones and catalyst transport lines, are also considered. This review then identifies areas where the current generation of models of the regenerator can be improved for the future. Parts 1 and 2 are such that a comprehensive review of the literature on modelling the FCC unit is presented, showing the guidance and framework followed in building models for the unit.
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Arandes JM, Abajo I, Bilbao J, Aokziti J, De Lasa HI. Consistency of the ten-lump kinetic model for cracking: Study in a laboratory reactor and use for simulation of an FCCU. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00986440302145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Arandes
- a Departamento de Ingeniería Química , Universidad del País Vasco , Bilbao, Spain
| | - Iñaki Abajo
- a Departamento de Ingeniería Química , Universidad del País Vasco , Bilbao, Spain
| | - Javier Bilbao
- a Departamento de Ingeniería Química , Universidad del País Vasco , Bilbao, Spain
| | - Josune Aokziti
- b Departamento de Ingeniería Química y del Medio Ambiente, EUITI , Universidad del País Vasco , Bilbao, Spain
| | - Hugo I. De Lasa
- c Chemical Reactor Engineering Centre , University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario, Canada
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Aguayo AT, Gayubo AG, Ereña J, Atutxa A, Bilbao J. Coke Aging and Its Incidence on Catalyst Regeneration. Ind Eng Chem Res 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ie030085n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andres T. Aguayo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ana G. Gayubo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Javier Ereña
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alaitz Atutxa
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Javier Bilbao
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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Arandes JM, Ereña J, Bilbao J, López-Valerio D, De la Puente G. Valorization of Polyolefins Dissolved in Light Cycle Oil over HY Zeolites under Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit Conditions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ie020986g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José M. Arandes
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Javier Ereña
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Javier Bilbao
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Danilo López-Valerio
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Apartado 5595, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Gabriela De la Puente
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica, INCAPE (FIQ, UNL-CONICET), Santiago del Estero 2654, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
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Aguayo AT, Gayubo AG, Atutxa A, Olazar M, Bilbao J. Catalyst Deactivation by Coke in the Transformation of Aqueous Ethanol into Hydrocarbons. Kinetic Modeling and Acidity Deterioration of the Catalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ie020068i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andres T. Aguayo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ana G. Gayubo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alaitz Atutxa
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Martin Olazar
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Javier Bilbao
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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Gayubo AG, Aguayo AT, Castilla M, Olazar M, Bilbao J. Catalyst reactivation kinetics for methanol transformation into hydrocarbons. Expressions for designing reaction–regeneration cycles in isothermal and adiabatic fixed bed reactor. Chem Eng Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2509(01)00194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Larachi F, Belkacemi K, Hamoudi S, Sayari A. Kinetics of carbon oxide evolution in temperature-programmed oxidation of carbonaceous laydown deposited on wet oxidation catalysts. Catal Today 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-5861(00)00521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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