1
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Neupane P, Bartels DM, Thompson WH. Exploring the Unusual Reactivity of the Hydrated Electron with CO 2. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:567-575. [PMID: 38184793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Many questions remain about the reactions of the hydrated electron despite decades of study. Of particular note is that they do not appear to follow the Marcus theory of electron transfer reactions, a feature that is yet to be explained. To investigate these issues, we used ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations to investigate one of the better studied reactions, the hydrated electron reduction of CO2. The rate constant for the hydrated electron-CO2 reaction complex to react to form CO2- is for the first time estimated from AIMD simulations. Results at 298 and 373 K show the rate constant is insensitive to temperature, consistent with the low measured activation energy for the reaction, and the implications of this behavior are examined. The sampling provided by the simulations yields insight into the reaction mechanism. The reaction is found to involve both solvent reorganization and changes in the carbon dioxide structure. The latter leads to significant vibrational excitation of the bending and symmetric stretch vibrations in the CO2- product, indicating the reaction is vibrationally nonadiabatic. The former is estimated from the calculation of an approximate collective solvent coordinate and the free energy in this coordinate is determined. These results indicate that AIMD simulations can reasonably estimate hydrated electron reaction activation energies and provide new insight into the mechanism that can help illuminate the features of this unusual chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauf Neupane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - David M Bartels
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Ward H Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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2
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Jordan CJC, Coons MP, Herbert JM, Verlet JRR. Spectroscopy and dynamics of the hydrated electron at the water/air interface. Nat Commun 2024; 15:182. [PMID: 38167300 PMCID: PMC10762076 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44441-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The hydrated electron, e-(aq), has attracted much attention as a central species in radiation chemistry. However, much less is known about e-(aq) at the water/air surface, despite its fundamental role in electron transfer processes at interfaces. Using time-resolved electronic sum-frequency generation spectroscopy, the electronic spectrum of e-(aq) at the water/air interface and its dynamics are measured here, following photo-oxidation of the phenoxide anion. The spectral maximum agrees with that for bulk e-(aq) and shows that the orbital density resides predominantly within the aqueous phase, in agreement with supporting calculations. In contrast, the chemistry of the interfacial hydrated electron differs from that in bulk water, with e-(aq) diffusing into the bulk and leaving the phenoxyl radical at the surface. Our work resolves long-standing questions about e-(aq) at the water/air interface and highlights its potential role in chemistry at the ubiquitous aqueous interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc P Coons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John M Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Jan R R Verlet
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, DH1 4LJ, UK.
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3
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Ramos-Méndez J, García-García O, Domínguez-Kondo J, LaVerne JA, Schuemann J, Moreno-Barbosa E, Faddegon B. TOPAS-nBio simulation of temperature-dependent indirect DNA strand break yields. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac79f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Current Monte Carlo simulations of DNA damage have been reported only at ambient temperature. The aim of this work is to use TOPAS-nBio to simulate the yields of DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) and double-strand breaks (DSBs) produced in plasmids under low-LET irradiation incorporating the effect of the temperature changes in the environment. A new feature was implemented in TOPAS-nBio to incorporate reaction rates used in the simulation of the chemical stage of water radiolysis as a function of temperature. The implemented feature was verified by simulating temperature-dependent G-values of chemical species in liquid water from 20 °C to 90 °C. For radiobiology applications, temperature dependent SSB and DSB yields were calculated from 0 °C to 42 °C, the range of available published measured data. For that, supercoiled DNA plasmids dissolved in aerated solutions containing EDTA irradiated by Cobalt-60 gamma-rays were simulated. TOPAS-nBio well reproduced published temperature-dependent G-values in liquid water and the yields of SSB and DSB for the temperature range considered. For strand break simulations, the model shows that the yield of SSB and DSB increased linearly with the temperature at a rate of (2.94 ± 0.17) × 10−10 Gy–1 Da–1 °C–1 (R
2 = 0.99) and (0.13 ± 0.01) × 10−10 Gy–1 Da–1 °C–1 (R
2 = 0.99), respectively. The extended capability of TOPAS-nBio is a complementary tool to simulate realistic conditions for a large range of environmental temperatures, allowing refined investigations of the biological effects of radiation.
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4
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Alanazi A, Meesungnoen J, Jay-Gerin JP. A Computer Modeling Study of Water Radiolysis at High Dose Rates. Relevance to FLASH Radiotherapy. Radiat Res 2021; 195:149-162. [PMID: 33300999 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00168.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
"FLASH radiotherapy" is a new method of radiation treatment by which large doses of radiation are delivered at high dose rates to tumors almost instantaneously (a few milliseconds), paradoxically sparing healthy tissue while preserving anti-tumor activity. To date, no definitive mechanism has been proposed to explain the different responses of the tumor and normal tissue to radiation. As a first step, and given that living cells and tissues consist mainly of water, we studied the effects of high dose rates on the transient yields (G values) of the radical and molecular species formed in the radiolysis of deaerated/aerated water by irradiating protons, using Monte Carlo simulations. Our simulation model consisted of two steps: 1. The random irradiation of a right circular cylindrical volume of water, embedded in nonirradiated bulk water, with single and instantaneous pulses of N 300-MeV incident protons ("linear energy transfer" or LET ∼ 0.3 keV/µm) traveling along the axis of the cylinder; and 2. The development of these N proton tracks, which were initially contained in the irradiated cylinder, throughout the solution over time. The effect of dose rate was studied by varying N, which was calibrated in terms of dose rate. For this, experimental data on the yield G(Fe3+) of the super-Fricke dosimeter as a function of dose rate up to ∼1010 Gy/s were used. Confirming previous experimental and theoretical studies, significant changes in product yields were found to occur with increasing dose rate, with lower radical and higher molecular yields, which result from an increase in the radical density in the bulk of the solution. Using the kinetics of the decay of hydrated electrons, a critical time (τc), which corresponds to the "onset" of dose-rate effects, was determined for each value of N. For the cylindrical irradiation model, τc was inversely proportional to the dose rate. Moreover, the comparison with experiments with pulsed electrons underlined the importance of the geometry of the irradiation volume for the estimation of τc. Finally, in the case of aerated water radiolysis, we calculated the yield of oxygen consumption and estimated the corresponding concentration of consumed (depleted) oxygen as a function of time and dose rate. It was shown that this concentration increases substantially with increasing dose rate in the time window ∼1 ns-10 µs, with a very pronounced maximum around 0.2 µs. For high-dose-rate irradiations (>109 Gy/s), a large part of the available oxygen (∼0.25 mM for an air-saturated solution) was found to be consumed. This result, which was obtained on a purely water radiation chemistry basis, strongly supports the hypothesis that the normal tissue-sparing effect of FLASH stems from temporary hypoxia due to oxygen depletion induced by high-dose-rate irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alanazi
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et de Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke (Québec), Canada
| | - Jintana Meesungnoen
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et de Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke (Québec), Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Jay-Gerin
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et de Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke (Québec), Canada
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5
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Wang ST, Lin Y, Nielsen MH, Song CY, Thomas MR, Spicer CD, Kröger R, Ercius P, Aloni S, Stevens MM. Shape-controlled synthesis and in situ characterisation of anisotropic Au nanomaterials using liquid cell transmission electron microscopy. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:16801-16809. [PMID: 31469380 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01474h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms behind crystal nucleation and growth is a fundamental requirement for the design and production of bespoke nanomaterials with controlled sizes and morphologies. Herein, we select gold (Au) nanoparticles as the model system for our study due to their representative applications in biology, electronics and optoelectronics. We investigate the radiation-induced in situ growth of gold (Au) particles using liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LCTEM) and study the growth kinetics of non-spherical Au structures. Under controlled electron fluence, liquid flow rate and Au3+ ion supply, we show the favoured diffusion-limited growth of multi-twinned nascent Au seed particles into branched structures when using thin liquid cells (100 nm and 250 nm) in LCTEM, whereas faceted structures (e.g., spheres, rods, and prisms) formed when using a 1 μm thick liquid cell. In addition, we observed that anisotropic Au growth could be modulated by Au-binding amyloid fibrils, which we ascribe to their capability to regulate Au3+ ion diffusion and mass transfer in solution. We anticipate that this study will provide new perspectives on the shape-controlled synthesis of anisotropic metallic nanomaterials using LCTEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ting Wang
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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6
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Abstract
A cavity or excluded-volume structure best explains the experimental properties of the aqueous or “hydrated” electron.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
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7
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Rumbach P, Bartels DM, Go DB. The penetration and concentration of solvated electrons and hydroxyl radicals at a plasma-liquid interface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/aaed07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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8
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Wiedorn MO, Awel S, Morgan AJ, Ayyer K, Gevorkov Y, Fleckenstein H, Roth N, Adriano L, Bean R, Beyerlein KR, Chen J, Coe J, Cruz-Mazo F, Ekeberg T, Graceffa R, Heymann M, Horke DA, Knoška J, Mariani V, Nazari R, Oberthür D, Samanta AK, Sierra RG, Stan CA, Yefanov O, Rompotis D, Correa J, Erk B, Treusch R, Schulz J, Hogue BG, Gañán-Calvo AM, Fromme P, Küpper J, Rode AV, Bajt S, Kirian RA, Chapman HN. Rapid sample delivery for megahertz serial crystallography at X-ray FELs. IUCRJ 2018; 5:574-584. [PMID: 30224961 PMCID: PMC6126653 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252518008369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Liquid microjets are a common means of delivering protein crystals to the focus of X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) for serial femtosecond crystallography measurements. The high X-ray intensity in the focus initiates an explosion of the microjet and sample. With the advent of X-ray FELs with megahertz rates, the typical velocities of these jets must be increased significantly in order to replenish the damaged material in time for the subsequent measurement with the next X-ray pulse. This work reports the results of a megahertz serial diffraction experiment at the FLASH FEL facility using 4.3 nm radiation. The operation of gas-dynamic nozzles that produce liquid microjets with velocities greater than 80 m s-1 was demonstrated. Furthermore, this article provides optical images of X-ray-induced explosions together with Bragg diffraction from protein microcrystals exposed to trains of X-ray pulses repeating at rates of up to 4.5 MHz. The results indicate the feasibility for megahertz serial crystallography measurements with hard X-rays and give guidance for the design of such experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max O. Wiedorn
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Salah Awel
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrew J. Morgan
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kartik Ayyer
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yaroslav Gevorkov
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Vision Systems, Hamburg University of Technology, Harburger Schlossstrasse 20, 21079 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Fleckenstein
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nils Roth
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luigi Adriano
- Photon Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Richard Bean
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Kenneth R. Beyerlein
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joe Chen
- Arizona State University, 550 E. Tyler Drive, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Jesse Coe
- Arizona State University, 550 E. Tyler Drive, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Francisco Cruz-Mazo
- Universidad de Sevilla, Department of Aerospace Engineering and Fluid Mechanics, Camino de los Descubriemientos s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Tomas Ekeberg
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rita Graceffa
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Heymann
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Daniel A. Horke
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juraj Knoška
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Valerio Mariani
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reza Nazari
- Arizona State University, 550 E. Tyler Drive, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Dominik Oberthür
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amit K. Samanta
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Raymond G. Sierra
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Claudiu A. Stan
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University Newark, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Oleksandr Yefanov
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Rompotis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Correa
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Photon Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Erk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Treusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Schulz
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Brenda G. Hogue
- Biodesign Institute, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Alfonso M. Gañán-Calvo
- Universidad de Sevilla, Department of Aerospace Engineering and Fluid Mechanics, Camino de los Descubriemientos s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Petra Fromme
- Arizona State University, 550 E. Tyler Drive, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Biodesign Institute, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Jochen Küpper
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrei V. Rode
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Saša Bajt
- Photon Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Henry N. Chapman
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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9
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Abstract
We have used ab initio molecular dynamics and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G** level of theory to evaluate the energy and localisation of excess electrons at a number of representative interfaces of polymer nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernan Saiz
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College
- London
- UK
| | - Nick Quirke
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College
- London
- UK
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10
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Swiatla-Wojcik D. Water-structure based mechanistic view on the bimolecular decay of the hydrated electron. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Zhu J, Paparelli L, Hospes M, Arents J, Kennis JTM, van Stokkum IHM, Hellingwerf KJ, Groot ML. Photoionization and Electron Radical Recombination Dynamics in Photoactive Yellow Protein Investigated by Ultrafast Spectroscopy in the Visible and Near-Infrared Spectral Region. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:11042-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp311906f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhu
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy,
Faculty of Sciences, VU University, De
Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Paparelli
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy,
Faculty of Sciences, VU University, De
Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke Hospes
- Laboratory for Microbiology,
Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Jos Arents
- Laboratory for Microbiology,
Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - John T. M. Kennis
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy,
Faculty of Sciences, VU University, De
Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo H. M. van Stokkum
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy,
Faculty of Sciences, VU University, De
Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas J. Hellingwerf
- Laboratory for Microbiology,
Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Marie Louise Groot
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy,
Faculty of Sciences, VU University, De
Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Kanjana K, Haygarth KS, Wu W, Bartels DM. Laboratory studies in search of the critical hydrogen concentration. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Zhu J, Paparelli L, Hospes M, Arents J, Hellingwerf K, Kennis JT, van Stokkum IH, Louise Groot M. Ultrafast geminate electron-radical recombination dynamics in photoactive yellow protein. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20134107010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Turi L, Rossky PJ. Theoretical studies of spectroscopy and dynamics of hydrated electrons. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5641-74. [PMID: 22954423 DOI: 10.1021/cr300144z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- László Turi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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15
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Wang Z, Liu J, Zhang M, Cukier RI, Bu Y. Solvation and evolution dynamics of an excess electron in supercritical CO2. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:207601. [PMID: 23003186 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.207601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present an ab initio molecular dynamics simulation of the dynamics of an excess electron solvated in supercritical CO2. The excess electron can exist in three types of states: CO2-core localized, dual-core localized, and diffuse states. All these states undergo continuous state conversions via a combination of long lasting breathing oscillations and core switching, as also characterized by highly cooperative oscillations of the excess electron volume and vertical detachment energy. All of these oscillations exhibit a strong correlation with the electron-impacted bending vibration of the core CO2, and the core-switching is controlled by thermal fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Wang
- The Center of Molecular Modeling & Simulation, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
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16
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Fischer MK, Rossmadl H, Iglev H. Novel geminate recombination channel after indirect photoionization of water. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:214507. [PMID: 21663367 DOI: 10.1063/1.3597776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the photolysis of neat protonated and heavy water using pump-probe and pump-repump-probe spectroscopy. A novel recombination channel is reported leading to ultrafast quenching (0.7 ± 0.1 ps) of almost one third of the initial number of photo-generated electrons. The efficiency and the recombination rate of this channel are lower in heavy water, 27 ± 5% and (0.9 ± 0.1 ps)(-1), respectively. Comparison with similar data measured after photodetachment of aqueous hydroxide provides evidence for the formation of short-lived OH:e(-) (OD:e(-)) pairs after indirect photoionization of water at 9.2 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin K Fischer
- Physik-Department E 11, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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17
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Siefermann KR, Abel B. The Hydrated Electron: A Seemingly Familiar Chemical and Biological Transient. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:5264-72. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Siefermann KR, Abel B. Das hydratisierte Elektron - eine scheinbar vertraute transiente Spezies in chemischen und biologischen Systemen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201006521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Fischer MK, Gliserin A, Laubereau A, Iglev H. Ultrafast electron transfer processes studied by pump-repump-probe spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2011; 4:178-183. [PMID: 21287690 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201000099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The photodetachment of Br(-), I(-) and OH(-) in aqueous solution is studied by 2- and 3-pulse femtosecond spectroscopy. The UV excitation leads to fast electron separation followed by formation of a donor-electron pairs. An additional repump pulse is used for secondary excitation of the intermediates. The 3-pulse technique allows distinguishing the pair-intermediate from the fully separated electron. Using this method we observe a novel geminate recombination channel of .OH with adjacent hydrated electrons. The process leads to an ultrafast quenching (0.7 ps) of almost half the initial number of radicals. The phenomenon is not observed in Br(-) and I(-). Our results demonstrate the potential of the 3-pulse spectroscopy to elucidate the mechanism of ultrafast ET reactions. Photodetachment of aqueous anions studied by two- and three pulse spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin K Fischer
- Physics Department E11, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Suzuki YI, Shen H, Tang Y, Kurahashi N, Sekiguchi K, Mizuno T, Suzuki T. Isotope effect on ultrafast charge-transfer-to-solvent reaction from I− to water in aqueous NaI solution. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00650e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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21
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Iglev H, Fischer MK, Gliserin A, Laubereau A. Ultrafast Geminate Recombination after Photodetachment of Aqueous Hydroxide. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 133:790-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja103866s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hristo Iglev
- Physik-Department E11, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin K. Fischer
- Physik-Department E11, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Gliserin
- Physik-Department E11, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alfred Laubereau
- Physik-Department E11, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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Marsalek O, Frigato T, VandeVondele J, Bradforth SE, Schmidt B, Schütte C, Jungwirth P. Hydrogen Forms in Water by Proton Transfer to a Distorted Electron. J Phys Chem B 2009; 114:915-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jp908986z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Marsalek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Center for Biomolecules and Complex Molecular Systems, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Institut für Mathematik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany, Physical Chemistry Institute, Zürich University, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, U.S.A
| | - Tomaso Frigato
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Center for Biomolecules and Complex Molecular Systems, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Institut für Mathematik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany, Physical Chemistry Institute, Zürich University, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, U.S.A
| | - Joost VandeVondele
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Center for Biomolecules and Complex Molecular Systems, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Institut für Mathematik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany, Physical Chemistry Institute, Zürich University, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, U.S.A
| | - Stephen E. Bradforth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Center for Biomolecules and Complex Molecular Systems, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Institut für Mathematik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany, Physical Chemistry Institute, Zürich University, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, U.S.A
| | - Burkhard Schmidt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Center for Biomolecules and Complex Molecular Systems, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Institut für Mathematik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany, Physical Chemistry Institute, Zürich University, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, U.S.A
| | - Christof Schütte
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Center for Biomolecules and Complex Molecular Systems, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Institut für Mathematik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany, Physical Chemistry Institute, Zürich University, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, U.S.A
| | - Pavel Jungwirth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Center for Biomolecules and Complex Molecular Systems, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Institut für Mathematik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany, Physical Chemistry Institute, Zürich University, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, U.S.A
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Tay KA, Boutin A. Hydrated Electron Diffusion: The Importance of Hydrogen-Bond Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:11943-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp810538f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kafui A. Tay
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Université de Paris-Sud XI, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Anne Boutin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Université de Paris-Sud XI, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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Hydutsky DP, Bianco NJ, Castleman A. Photochemistry and solvation of HI(H2O)n clusters: Evidence of biradical formation. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Fischer MK, Laubereau A, Iglev H. Femtosecond electron detachment of aqueous bromide studied by two and three pulse spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:10939-44. [DOI: 10.1039/b913688f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tay KA, Coudert FX, Boutin A. Mechanism and kinetics of hydrated electron diffusion. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:054505. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2964101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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27
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Temperature and Concentration Dependences of the Electrical Conductance, Diffuson and Kinetic Parameters of Sodium Selenite Solutions in Ordinary and Heavy Water. J SOLUTION CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-007-9125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Autsavapromporn N, Meesungnoen J, Plante I, Jay-Gerin JP. Monte Carlo simulation study of the effects of acidity and LET on the primary free-radical and molecular yields of water radiolysis — Application to the Fricke dosimeter. CAN J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1139/v07-021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Monte Carlo simulations are used to investigate the effects of acidity (pH) on the primary yields of various chemical species produced in the radiolysis of de-aerated aqueous sulfuric acid solutions over the range from neutral solution to 0.4 mol/L H2SO4. The effects of the quality of radiation, measured in terms of linear energy transfer (LET), have also been studied for LET varying from ~0.3 to 15 keV/µm at ambient temperature. Our results show that an increase in acidity (1 < pH < 4) leads to an increase in the yield [Formula: see text] of the "reducing" free radicals (hydrated electron and H atom) and a slight increase in G·OH and [Formula: see text], while there is a slight decrease in [Formula: see text] At pH < 1, OH radicals react with HSO4- anions to form SO4·– radicals, resulting in a steep decrease in G.OH. By contrast, in the range of pH from ~4 to 7, the calculated yield values are independent of sulfuric acid concentration. In both neutral water and 0.4 mol/L H2SO4 (pH 0.46) solutions, the primary molecular yields increase upon increasing LET to ~15 keV/µm with a concomitant decrease in those of free radicals. As an exception, GH. at first increases with LET, reaching a maximum near 6.5 keV/µm before decreasing steeply at higher LET. The results obtained are generally in good agreement with available experimental data over the whole acidity and LET ranges studied. Finally, as an application, we have simulated the radiation-induced oxidation of ferrous sulfate solutions in aerated aq. 0.4 mol/L H2SO4 (Fricke dosimeter) as a function of time up to ~50 s and addressed the effects of LET on the resulting ferric ion yield at 25 °C. The production of Fe3+ ions is highly sensitive to free-radical yields, especially H atoms (via formation of HO2), resulting in a marked decline of G(Fe3+) with increasing LET. The general trend of the observed variation of G(Fe3+) with radiation quality is well reproduced by our computed Fe3+ ion yield values.Key words: liquid water, acidic (H2SO4) aqueous solutions, radiolysis, free-radical and molecular yields, linear energy transfer (LET), Fricke dosimeter, Monte Carlo simulations.
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29
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Chandrasekhar N, Krebs P, Unterreiner AN. One-photon photodetachment of I− in glycerol: Spectra and yield of solvated electrons in the temperature range 329⩽T⩽536K. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:164512. [PMID: 17092110 DOI: 10.1063/1.2362822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Solvated electrons in glycerol were generated via a resonant one-photon photodetachment of the charge-transfer-to-solvent (CTTS) band of I- in glycerol (Gl) after irradiation with a 248 nm excimer laser. Optical absorption spectra of solvated electrons (esolv-) in Gl were recorded as a function of temperature (381<or=T<or=505 K). The observed redshift of the absorption maximum, homegamax, yields a temperature coefficient d(homegamax)/dT=-(2.67+/-0.07)x10(-3) eV K-1. For solutions with a concentration c(I-) approximately 10(-3)M, the absorbance of esolv- at homegamax increases by a factor of about 65 when the temperature is raised from 329 to 536 K. This effect can be partially explained by a temperature-dependent redshift of the CTTS spectrum of I- in Gl with respect to the laser wavelength. The main contribution to the increasing yield of esolv- is determined by diffusion controlled escape dynamics of the electron in the contact pair (I:e-)solv which is formed very fast during the detachment process. At room temperature no absorption of esolv- (absorbance<1.0x10(-3)) could be observed which is probably a result of an extremely small self-diffusion coefficient of Gl (a factor of 1250 lower than that of water at 298 K). The results are compared with a previous study of I- in ethylene glycol.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chandrasekhar
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Molekulare Physikalische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Abstract
The structures of the cyclic water pentamer, the H3O+(H2O)3OH- zwitterion, and the H3O(H2O)3OH biradical form of the (H2O)5 cluster have been determined with the second-order Møller-Plesset method and with density-functional theory (DFT). The vertical singlet excitation energies of these structures have been calculated with the second-order approximated coupled-cluster method and with time-dependent DFT, respectively. The molecular and electronic structures of the H3O(H2O)3OH biradical have been characterized for the first time. The lowest electronic states of the biradical are slightly lower in energy than the vertically excited states of the covalent and zwitterionic (H2O)5 clusters and therefore are photochemically accessible from the latter. The electronic absorption spectrum of the biradical exhibits the characteristic features of the absorption spectrum of the hydrated electron. It is argued that the basic mechanisms of the photochemistry of water, in particular the generation of the hydrated electron by UV photons, can be unraveled by relatively straightforward electronic structure and dynamics calculations for finite-size water clusters.
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Takeda N, Parkinson BA. Adsorption morphology, light absorption, and sensitization yields for squaraine dyes on SnS2 surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:5559-71. [PMID: 12720470 DOI: 10.1021/ja0278483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The sensitization properties of two squaraine dyes adsorbed onto the van der Waals surface of n-doped tin disulfide single crystals were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM), vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy, and photoelectrochemical techniques. Quantum yield per absorbed photon (QYAP) values of near unity were observed for submonolayer coverages of 2,4-bis(4-(N-methyl-N-hexylamino)phenyl)squaraine (1-6SQ) in aqueous electrolyte when a sufficiently positive bias was applied, demonstrating the advantages of SnS(2) as a photoanode for fundamental studies of dye sensitization. Islandlike and microcrystalline morphologies, associated with aggregate formation and revealed by AFM, could be correlated with spectral shifts in both the absorbance and photoaction spectra. A related dye, 2,4-bis(4-(N,N-dimethyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl)squaraine (1-1OHSQ), at similar coverages showed slightly lower QYAP, ascribed to a recombination path due to the different aggregate structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Takeda
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, USA
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34
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Zhan CG, Dixon DA. The Nature and Absolute Hydration Free Energy of the Solvated Electron in Water. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp022326v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Guo Zhan
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K1-83, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - David A. Dixon
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K1-83, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
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Tauber MJ, Mathies RA. Structure of the aqueous solvated electron from resonance Raman spectroscopy: lessons from isotopic mixtures. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:1394-402. [PMID: 12553843 DOI: 10.1021/ja021134a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The structure and thermodynamics of the hydrated electron are probed with resonance Raman spectroscopy of isotopic mixtures of H(2)O and D(2)O. The strongly enhanced intramolecular bends of e(-)(H(2)O) and e(-)(D(2)O) produce single downshifted bands, whereas the e(-)(HOD) bend consists of two components: one slightly upshifted from the 1,446 cm(-1) bulk frequency to 1,457 cm(-1) and the other strongly downshifted to approximately 1,396 cm(-1). This 60 cm(-1) split and the 200 (120) cm(-1) downshifts of the OH (OD) stretch frequencies relative to bulk water reveal that the water molecules that are Franck-Condon coupled to the electron are in an asymmetric environment, with one proton forming a strong hydrogen bond to the electron. The downshifted bend and librational frequencies also indicate significantly weakened torsional restoring forces on the water molecules of e(-)(aq), which suggests that the outlying proton is a poor hydrogen bond donor to the surrounding solvent. A 1.6-fold thermodynamic preference of the electron for H(2)O is observed based on the relative intensities of the e(-)(H(2)O) and e(-)(D(2)O) bands in a 50:50 isotopic mixture. This equilibrium isotope effect is consistent with the downshifted vibrational frequencies and a relative reduction of the zero-point energy of H(2)O bound to the electron. Our results enhance the cavity model of the solvated electron and support only those models that contain water monomers as opposed to other molecular species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Tauber
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Paterson MJ, Blancafort L, Wilsey S, Robb MA. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Squaraine Dyes: Sensitization of Large Band Gap Semiconductors. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp026418w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lluís Blancafort
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Strand, WC2R 2LS, U.K
| | - Sarah Wilsey
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Strand, WC2R 2LS, U.K
| | - Michael A. Robb
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Strand, WC2R 2LS, U.K
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Takahashi K, Bartels DM, Cline JA, Jonah CD. Reaction rates of the hydrated electron with NO2−, NO3−, and hydronium ions as a function of temperature from 125 to 380 °C. Chem Phys Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(02)00549-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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38
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Chandrasekhar N, Krebs P. The spectra and the relative yield of solvated electrons produced by resonant photodetachment of iodide anion in ethylene glycol in the temperature range 296⩽T⩽453 K. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Bartels
- Argonne National Laboratory, Chemistry Division Building 200, Argonne, Illinois 60517
| | - Robert A. Crowell
- Argonne National Laboratory, Chemistry Division Building 200, Argonne, Illinois 60517
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40
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Is there any Correlation between the Mobility and the Absorption Spectra of Solvated Electrons in Polar Solvents? Z PHYS CHEM 2000. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2000.214.10.1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Some years ago Jay-Gerin and Ferradini attempted to establish a correlation between the optical absorption spectrum and the mobility of excess electrons in various polar solvents (J. Chem. Phys.
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41
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Ferradini C, Jay-Gerin JP. The effect of pH on water radiolysis: A still open question — A minireview. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2000. [DOI: 10.1163/156856700x00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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42
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Tajima S, Tobita S, Shizuka H. Electron Transfer Reaction from Triplet 1,4-Dimethoxybenzene to Hydronium Ion in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp990743a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- So Tajima
- Department of Chemistry, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Seiji Tobita
- Department of Chemistry, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Haruo Shizuka
- Department of Chemistry, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
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43
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Zhao Y, Freeman GR. Article. CAN J CHEM 1998. [DOI: 10.1139/v98-034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As a foundation for a future measurement of solvated electron mobilities in alcohol-water mixed solvents, the electrical conductances of sodium tetraphenylboride (STPB) in methanol-water, ethanol-water, and 2-propanol-water were measured at different temperatures. The molar conductivity LAMBDA 0 (10-4 S m2 mol-1) of STPB at 298 K is 70 in pure water and 82 in pure methanol; in methanol-water mixed solvents it passes through a minimum, the value being 45 at 70 mol% water. In 2-propanol-water LAMBDA 0 (10-4 S m2 mol-1) at 298 K decreases rapidly from 70 in pure water to 22.6 in 80 mol% water, then gradually to 16.5 in pure 2-propanol. Behavior in ethanol-water is intermediate, with a minimum of 29.5 in 70 mol% water, gradually increasing to 35.5 in pure ethanol. The product of LAMBDA 0 and the solvent viscosity eta has a maximum at about 75 mol% water in methanol, 90 mol% water in ethanol, and 95 mol% water in 2-propanol. The effects are attributed to changes of solvent structure and of solvated ion radius as alcohol is added to water.Key words: alcohol-water mixed solvents, electrical conductivity, large ions, solvent effects, activation energy.
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Zhang G, Liu X, Thomas J. Radiation induced physical and chemical processes in zeolite materials. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-806x(97)00114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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Shafirovich VY, Dourandin A, Luneva NP, Geacintov NE. Migration and Trapping of Photoinjected Excess Electrons in Double-Stranded B-Form DNA But Not in Single-Stranded DNA. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp970308l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Ya. Shafirovich
- Chemistry Department and Radiation and Solid State Laboratory, 31 Washington Place, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Alexander Dourandin
- Chemistry Department and Radiation and Solid State Laboratory, 31 Washington Place, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Natalia P. Luneva
- Chemistry Department and Radiation and Solid State Laboratory, 31 Washington Place, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Nicholas E. Geacintov
- Chemistry Department and Radiation and Solid State Laboratory, 31 Washington Place, New York University, New York, New York 10003
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46
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Görner H, Nikogosyan DN. Indirect 248 nm 20 ns photolysis of aliphatic amino acids in aqueous solution. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(96)00006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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47
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Liu X, Zhang G, Thomas JK. Spectroscopic Studies of Electron and Hole Trapping in Zeolites: Formation of Hydrated Electrons and Hydroxyl Radicals. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp962757b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinsheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Guohong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - J. Kerry Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
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48
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Crowell RA, Bartels DM. H2O/D2O Isotope Effect in Geminate Recombination of the Hydrated Electron. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp962034s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Crowell
- Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - David M. Bartels
- Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
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49
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Elliot A, Chenier M, Ouellette D. Radiolysis studies on the corrosion inhibitors 1 -hexyn-3-ol, cinnamonitrile, and 1,3-diethyl-2-thiourea. CAN J CHEM 1995. [DOI: 10.1139/v95-264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this publication we report: (i) the rate constants for reaction of the hydrated electron with 1-hexyn-3-ol ((8.6 ± 0.3) × 108 dm3 mol−1 s−1 at 18 °C), cinnamonitrile ((2.3 ± 0.2) × 1010 dm3 mol−1 s−1 at 20 °C), and 1,3-diethyl-2-thiourea ((3.5 ± 0.3) × 108 dm3 mol−1 s−1 at 22 °C). For cinnamonitrile and diethylthiourea, the temperature dependence up to 200 °C and 150 °C, respectively, is also reported; (ii) the rate constants for the reaction of the hydroxyl radical with 1-hexyn-3-ol ((5.5 ± 0.5) × 109 dm3 mol−1 s−1 at 20 °C), cinnamonitrile ((9.2 ± 0.3) × 109 dm3 mol−1 s−1 at 21 °C), and diethylthiourea ((8.0 ± 0.8) × 108 dm3 mol−1 s−1 at 22 °C). For cinnamonitrile, the temperature dependence up to 200 °C is also reported; (iii) the rate constant for the hydrogen atom reacting with 1-hexyn-3-ol ((4.3 ± 0.4) × 109 dm3 mol−1 s−1 at 20 °C). Keywords: radiolysis, corrosion inhibitors, rate constants.
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Abstract
The mobility μe of solvated electrons in liquid tert-butanol was estimated from the measured rate constant of the diffusion-controlled reaction [Formula: see text] combined with the measured molar conductivities of perchloric acid and ammonium perchlorate solutions; T = 300–330 K. The values μe = 4.1 × 10−8 m2 V−1 s−1 at 300 K and Eμ = 41 kJ mol−1 indicate that electrons migrate by a hopping mechanism in liquid tert-butanol. This contrasts with the ion-like diffusion mechanism of [Formula: see text] in methanol and ethanol. Keywords: tert-butanol, solvated electron, activation energy, mobility.
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