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Alabugin IV, dos Passos Gomes G, Abdo MA. Hyperconjugation. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Naruse Y, Hasegawa Y, Ikemoto K. Orbital theory for diastereoselectivity in electrophilic addition. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rekken BD, Brown TM, Fettinger JC, Lips F, Tuononen HM, Herber RH, Power PP. Dispersion Forces and Counterintuitive Steric Effects in Main Group Molecules: Heavier Group 14 (Si–Pb) Dichalcogenolate Carbene Analogues with Sub-90° Interligand Bond Angles. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:10134-48. [DOI: 10.1021/ja403802a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Rekken
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue,
Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Thomas M. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue,
Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - James C. Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue,
Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Felicitas Lips
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue,
Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Heikki M. Tuononen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35,
FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Rolfe H. Herber
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Philip P. Power
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue,
Davis, California, 95616, United States
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Abstract
This article emphasizes two underappreciated aspects of hyperconjugation in hydrocarbons, two-way hyperconjugation and hyperconjugation in tight spaces. Nonplanar polyenes [e.g., cyclooctatetraene (D2d), biphenyl (D2), styrene (C1)], the nonplanar rotational transition states (TSs) of planar polyenes (e.g., perpendicular 1,3-butadiene), as well as the larger nonplanar Hückel or Möbius annulenes, are stabilized by effective σ-electron delocalization (involving either the C–C or C–H bonds) via two-way hyperconjugation. The collective consequence of two-way hyperconjugation in molecules can be nearly as stabilizing as π-conjugation effects in planar polyenes. Reexamination of the σ- vs. π-bond strength of ethylene results in surprising counterintuitive insights. Strained rings and cages (e.g., cyclopropane and tetrahedrane derivatives, the cubyl cation, etc.) can foster unexpectedly large hyperconjugation stabilizations due to their highly deformed ring angles. The thermochemical stabilities of these species rely on a fine balance between their opposing destabilizing geometrical features and stabilizing hyperconjugative effects in tight spaces (adjustable via substituent effects). We hope to help dispel chemists’ prejudice in viewing hyperconjugation as merely a “mild” effect with unimportant consequences for interpreting the structures and energies of molecules.
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Inagaki S, Murai H, Takeuchi T. Theory of electron localization and its application to blue-shifting hydrogen bonds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:2008-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23047j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Inagaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan,
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Inagaki
- Dapartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan,
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Naruse
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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Ismail FMD, Levitsky DO, Dembitsky VM. Aziridine alkaloids as potential therapeutic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:3373-87. [PMID: 19540628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present review describes research on natural aziridine alkaloids isolated from both terrestrial and marine species, as well as their lipophilic semi-synthetic, and/or synthetic analogs. Over 130 biologically active aziridine-containing compounds demonstrate confirmed pharmacological activity including antitumor, antimicrobial, antibacterial effects. The structures, origin, and biological activities of aziridine alkaloids are reviewed. Consequently this review emphasizes the role of aziridine alkaloids as an important source of drug prototypes and leads for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fyaz M D Ismail
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, 221C Phase 1, Byrom Street, Liverpool, Merseyside L3 3AF, UK
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Kameyama H, Naruse Y, Inagaki S. Theoretical Design of Doubly Bonded Hypervalent Atoms. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om0700415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kameyama
- Department of Chemistry, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yuji Naruse
- Department of Chemistry, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inagaki
- Department of Chemistry, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Takeuchi K, Uemura D, Inagaki S. Structure, Strain, and Degenerate Rearrangement of Tricyclo[2.1.0.0]pentasilane and Related Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:8632-6. [PMID: 16834263 DOI: 10.1021/jp052777q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate a highly strained tricyclic silane (tricyclo[2.1.0.0 1,3]pentasilane (4b), an isomer of pentasila[1.1.1]propellane (3b)) composed of three fused three-membered rings. The central ring is distorted. One of the fusion bonds in the central ring is shorter than the normal Si-Si single bond (2.350 A) whereas the other is as long as the fusion bonds in bicyclo[1.1.0]tetrasilane (2b) (2.860 A) and 3b (2.778 A). The tricyclic silane is less strained than the carbon congener and more strained than the isomer 3b. The electron delocalization between one of the fusion bonds and the geminal Si-Si ring bonds elongates the fusion bond and stabilizes the molecules to reduce the strain. The silanes composed of the fused three-membered rings are less strained than the carbon congener. A degenerate rearrangement of a three-membered ring is predicted. The enthalpy of activation of the rearrangement of the distorted central ring is low (7.2 kcal/mol) for 4b, but appreciable (22.3 kcal/mol) for the germanium congener, tricyclo[2.1.0.0(1,3)]pentagermane (4c). We investigate the effects of the substituents on the distortion of the central three-membered ring and the degenerate rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Takeuchi K, Horiguchi A, Inagaki S. Highly strained tricyclic molecules: tricyclo[p.q.0.01,f]alkanes and phosphatricyclo[m.1.0.01,3]alkanes. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chen ZZ, Tan B, Li YM, Zhao YF, Tong YF, Wang JF. Activity difference between alpha-COOH and beta-COOH in N-phosphorylaspartic acids. J Org Chem 2003; 68:4052-8. [PMID: 12737590 DOI: 10.1021/jo0300082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
N-phosphorylamino acids are chemically active species that have many biomimic activities. alpha-COOH in amino acids and peptides behaviors rather differently than beta-COOH in many biochemical processes and takes a more important role in the origin of life. Activity differences between alpha-COOH and beta-COOH in the peptide formation of phosphoryl amino acids are studied by 1D, 2D NMR techniques and by ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) calculations in this paper. Phosphoryl dipeptide is formed directly from phosphoryl aspartic acids without any coupling reagents. Only the alpha-dipeptide ester is observed by 1D (1)H, (13)C, and (31)P NMR and 2D NMR. In the ab initio and DFT calculations, the pentacoordinate phosphorane intermediates containing five-membered rings are predicted to be more favored than those with six-membered rings. Both the experimental results and the theoretical calculations suggest that only the alpha-COOH group is activated by N-phosphorylation in N-phosphorylaspartic acid under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Zhou Chen
- Key Laboratory for Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry of Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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Naruse Y, Ma J, Inagaki S. σ and π Relaxation of Strain in Three-Membered Ring Molecules (CH2)2X, (NH)2X, and (SiH2)2X (X = SiH2, PH, S). J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0210677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Naruse
- Department of Chemistry, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Satoshi Inagaki
- Department of Chemistry, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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Chen ZZ, Li YM, Ma J, Tan B, Inagaki S, Zhao YF. Activities of α-COOH vs γ-COOH in N-Phosphoryl Amino Acids: A Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021110q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Zhou Chen
- Key Laboratory for Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry of Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yan-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory for Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry of Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory for Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry of Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Bo Tan
- Key Laboratory for Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry of Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inagaki
- Key Laboratory for Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry of Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yu-Fen Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry of Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Ma J, Hozaki A, Inagaki S. Pentagon stability: cyclic delocalization of lone pairs through sigma conjugation and design of polycyclophosphanes. Inorg Chem 2002; 41:1876-82. [PMID: 11925183 DOI: 10.1021/ic0107835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The orbital-phase theory was applied to propose pentagon stability in a well-defined manner. Cyclic delocalization of the lone pair electrons on the five-membered ring atoms through the vicinal sigma bonds was shown to be favored by the orbital-phase properties. The pentagon stability was found to be outstanding in saturated phosphorus five-membered rings in the puckered conformation, and was substantiated by the negative strain energy of cyclopentaphosphane, P(5)H(5) (3). The relative increments of the remarkable increase in the strain energies of protonation on the different atoms in the most stable conformers supported the significance of the cyclic delocalization of the lone pairs. Pentagon stability led to the design of three novel polycyclic phosphanes, P(12)H(4) (18), P(13)H(3) (19), and P(14)H(2) (20), with low strain energies due to many puckered pentagon units in them. The low stability of the dodecahedron P(20) (22) was suggested by the high strain energy due to its planar pentagon units. The pentagon stability is less significant in the saturated nitrogen ring molecules due to the greater energy gap between the n and sigma orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Ikeda H, Inagaki S. Structures and Stabilities of Three-Membered Rings Containing a Hypervalent Atom. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0110915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Ikeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inagaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Ma J, Inagaki S. Orbital phase control of the preferential branching of chain molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:1193-8. [PMID: 11456673 DOI: 10.1021/ja003067v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The orbital phase theory was applied to the stabilities of the branched isomers (1) of E(4)H(10) (E = C, Si, Ge, Sn) relative to the normal ones (2). The orbital phase prediction was confirmed by ab initio molecular orbital (MO) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations as well as by some experimental results. Further applications to the relative stabilities of other alkane and alkene isomers lead to the preference of the branched to the normal isomers, the neopentane-type to isobutane-type branching, the terminal to inner methyl branching, and the methyl to ethyl inner substitution in the longer alkanes, as well as the preference of isobutene to 2-butene moieties. The preferential stabilization of the branched isomers was shown to be general and controlled by the orbital phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Naruse Y, Hayashi A, Sou SI, Ikeda H, Inagaki S. Structures and Reactions of Alkoxymethyl(alkali metals). Ethylation by Methyl Ethers in the Presence of Organometallic Bases. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2001. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.74.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ma J, Inagaki S. Cyclic Delocalization of the Oxygen Lone Pair Electrons in the Unusual Structures of Disilaoxirane and 1,3-Cyclodisiloxane. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0014014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inagaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Definition and design of diagonalization reactions. Reactions of 1,2-heteraazetidine N-oxides. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ikeda H, Naruse Y, Inagaki S. Geminal Bond Participation in the Cope Rearrangements ofZ- andE-Substituted 1,5-Hexadienes and in the Reverse Reactions. CHEM LETT 1999. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1999.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Inagaki S, Ikeda H. Geminal Bond Participation and Reactivities of Z- vs E-1-Substituted Butadienes in the Diels−Alder Reactions. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo980952b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Inagaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ikeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Inagaki S, Yamamoto T, Ohashi S. Inverted Bond and Its Effect on the Strains of [1.1.1]Propellane Frameworks. CHEM LETT 1997. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1997.977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Iwase K, Inagaki S. Orbital Phase Control of the Stabilities of π-Conjugated Diradicals. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1996. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.69.2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Inagaki S, Kakefu T, Yamamoto T, Wasada H. Geminal Delocalization of σ-Electrons and Inverted Tetrahedral Configurations of the Bridgehead Carbons in Bicyclo[1.1.0]butane Frameworks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9529432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Inagaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-11, Japan
| | - Takuo Kakefu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-11, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-11, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wasada
- Department of General Education, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-11, Japan
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Iwase K, Sakai S, Inagaki S. Orbital Phase Control of Trigonal Pyramidal Structures of Tricoordinated Metal Complexes. CHEM LETT 1994. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1994.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Dakkouri M, Typke V. The gas-phase molecular structure of cyclopropyltrifluorosilane as studied by electron diffraction and ab initio calculations. J Mol Struct 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2860(93)07856-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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