1
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Doelman W, van Kasteren SI. Synthesis of glycopeptides and glycopeptide conjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6487-6507. [PMID: 35903971 PMCID: PMC9400947 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00829g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is a key post-translational modification important to many facets of biology. Glycosylation can have critical effects on protein conformation, uptake and intracellular routing. In immunology, glycosylation of antigens has been shown to play a role in self/non-self distinction and the effective uptake of antigens. Improperly glycosylated proteins and peptide fragments, for instance those produced by cancerous cells, are also prime candidates for vaccine design. To study these processes, access to peptides bearing well-defined glycans is of critical importance. In this review, the key approaches towards synthetic, well-defined glycopeptides, are described, with a focus on peptides useful for and used in immunological studies. Special attention is given to the glycoconjugation approaches that have been developed in recent years, as these enable rapid synthesis of various (unnatural) glycopeptides, enabling powerful carbohydrate structure/activity studies. These techniques, combined with more traditional total synthesis and chemoenzymatic methods for the production of glycopeptides, should help unravel some of the complexities of glycobiology in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ward Doelman
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Sander I van Kasteren
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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2
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Kwan CS, Cerullo AR, Braunschweig AB. Design and Synthesis of Mucin-Inspired Glycopolymers. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2704-2721. [PMID: 33346954 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mucins are bottlebrush biopolymers that are glycoproteins on the surfaces of cells and as hydrogels secreted inside and outside the body. Mucin function in biology includes cell-cell recognition, signaling, protection, adhesion, and lubrication. Because of their attractive and diverse properties, mucins have recently become the focus of synthetic efforts by researchers who hope to understand and emulate these biomaterials. This review is focused on the development of methodologies for preparing mucin-inspired synthetic oligomers and glycopolymers, including solid-phase synthesis, polymerization of glycosylated monomers, and post-polymerization grafting of glycans to polymer chains. How these synthetic mucins have been used in health applications is discussed. Natural mucins are formed from a conserved set of monomers that are combined into chains of different sequences and lengths to achieve materials with widely diverse properties. Adopting this design paradigm from natural mucins could lead to next-generation bioinspired synthetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chak-Shing Kwan
- The Advanced Science Research Center at the, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Antonio R Cerullo
- The Advanced Science Research Center at the, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,The PhD program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Adam B Braunschweig
- The Advanced Science Research Center at the, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,The PhD program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,The PhD program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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3
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Leiria Campo V, Riul TB, Oliveira Bortot L, Martins-Teixeira MB, Fiori Marchiori M, Iaccarino E, Ruvo M, Dias-Baruffi M, Carvalho I. A Synthetic MUC1 Glycopeptide Bearing βGalNAc-Thr as a Tn Antigen Isomer Induces the Production of Antibodies against Tumor Cells. Chembiochem 2017; 18:527-538. [PMID: 28068458 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the synthesis of the novel protected O-glycosylated amino acid derivatives 1 and 2, containing βGalNAc-SerOBn and βGalNAc-ThrOBn units, respectively, as mimetics of the natural Tn antigen (αGalNAc-Ser/Thr), along with the solid-phase assembly of the glycopeptides NHAcSer-Ala-Pro-Asp-Thr[αGalNAc]-Arg-Pro-Ala-Pro-Gly-BSA (3-BSA) and NHAcSer-Ala-Pro-Asp-Thr[βGalNAc]-Arg-Pro-Ala-Pro-Gly-BSA (4-BSA), bearing αGalNAc-Thr or βGalNAc-Thr units, respectively, as mimetics of MUC1 tumor mucin glycoproteins. According to ELISA tests, immunizations of mice with βGalNAc-glycopeptide 4-BSA induced higher sera titers (1:320 000) than immunizations with αGalNAc-glycopeptide 3-BSA (1:40 000). Likewise, flow cytometry assays showed higher capacity of the obtained anti-glycopeptide 4-BSA antibodies to recognize MCF-7 tumor cells. Cross-recognition between immunopurified anti-βGalNAc antibodies and αGalNAc-glycopeptide and vice versa was also verified. Lastly, molecular dynamics simulations and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) showed that βGalNAc-glycopeptide 4 can interact with a model antitumor monoclonal antibody (SM3). Taken together, these data highlight the improved immunogenicity of the unnatural glycopeptide 4-BSA, bearing βGalNAc-Thr as Tn antigen isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Leiria Campo
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café S/N, CEP, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thalita B Riul
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café S/N, CEP, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Oliveira Bortot
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café S/N, CEP, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maristela B Martins-Teixeira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café S/N, CEP, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Fiori Marchiori
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café S/N, CEP, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emanuela Iaccarino
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Napoli, Italy.,Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café S/N, CEP, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivone Carvalho
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café S/N, CEP, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Yang W, Yoshida K, Yang B, Huang X. Obstacles and solutions for chemical synthesis of syndecan-3 (53-62) glycopeptides with two heparan sulfate chains. Carbohydr Res 2016; 435:180-194. [PMID: 27810711 PMCID: PMC5110403 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans play critical roles in many biological events. Due to their structural complexities, strategies towards synthesis of this class of glycopeptides bearing well-defined glycan chains are urgently needed. In this work, we give the full account of the synthesis of syndecan-3 glycopeptide (53-62) containing two different heparan sulfate chains. For assembly of glycans, a convergent 3+2+3 approach was developed producing two different octasaccharide amino acid cassettes, which were utilized towards syndecan-3 glycopeptides. The glycopeptides presented many obstacles for post-glycosylation manipulation, peptide elongation, and deprotection. Following screening of multiple synthetic sequences, a successful strategy was finally established by constructing partially deprotected single glycan chain containing glycopeptides first, followed by coupling of the glycan-bearing fragments and cleavage of the acyl protecting groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Keisuke Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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5
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Lewicky JD, Ulanova M, Jiang ZH. Synthesis of a TLR4 Agonist-Carbohydrate Antigen Conjugate As A Self-Adjuvanting Cancer Vaccine. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D. Lewicky
- Department of Chemistry; Lakehead University; 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay Ontario P7B 5E1 Canada
- Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada; 41 Ramsey Lake Road Sudbury, Ontario P3E 5J1 Canada
| | - Marina Ulanova
- Medical Sciences Division; Northern Ontario School of Medicine; Lakehead University; 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay Ontario P7B 5E1 Canada
| | - Zi-Hua Jiang
- Department of Chemistry; Lakehead University; 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay Ontario P7B 5E1 Canada
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6
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Vartak A, Sucheck SJ. Recent Advances in Subunit Vaccine Carriers. Vaccines (Basel) 2016; 4:vaccines4020012. [PMID: 27104575 PMCID: PMC4931629 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines4020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The lower immunogenicity of synthetic subunit antigens, compared to live attenuated vaccines, is being addressed with improved vaccine carriers. Recent reports indicate that the physio-chemical properties of these carriers can be altered to achieve optimal antigen presentation, endosomal escape, particle bio-distribution, and cellular trafficking. The carriers can be modified with various antigens and ligands for dendritic cells targeting. They can also be modified with adjuvants, either covalently or entrapped in the matrix, to improve cellular and humoral immune responses against the antigen. As a result, these multi-functional carrier systems are being explored for use in active immunotherapy against cancer and infectious diseases. Advancing technology, improved analytical methods, and use of computational methodology have also contributed to the development of subunit vaccine carriers. This review details recent breakthroughs in the design of nano-particulate vaccine carriers, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Vartak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
| | - Steven J Sucheck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
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7
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Canton I, Warren N, Chahal A, Amps K, Wood A, Weightman R, Wang E, Moore H, Armes SP. Mucin-Inspired Thermoresponsive Synthetic Hydrogels Induce Stasis in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells and Human Embryos. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2016; 2:65-74. [PMID: 27163030 PMCID: PMC4827554 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.5b00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs; both embryonic and induced pluripotent) rapidly proliferate in adherent culture to maintain their undifferentiated state. However, for mammals exhibiting delayed gestation (diapause), mucin-coated embryos can remain dormant for days or months in utero, with their constituent PSCs remaining pluripotent under these conditions. Here we report cellular stasis for both hPSC colonies and preimplantation embryos immersed in a wholly synthetic thermoresponsive gel comprising poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)-poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) [PGMA55-PHPMA135] diblock copolymer worms. This hydroxyl-rich mucin-mimicking nonadherent 3D gel maintained PSC viability and pluripotency in the quiescent G0 state without passaging for at least 14 days. Similarly, gel-coated human embryos remain in a state of suspended animation (diapause) for up to 8 days. The discovery of a cryptic cell arrest mechanism for both hPSCs and embryos suggests an important connection between the cellular mechanisms that evoke embryonic diapause and pluripotency. Moreover, such synthetic worm gels offer considerable utility for the short-term (weeks) storage of either pluripotent stem cells or human embryos without cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Canton
- Department
of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, U.K.
| | - Nicholas
J. Warren
- Department
of Chemistry, Dainton Building, University
of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Aman Chahal
- Department
of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, U.K.
| | - Katherine Amps
- Department
of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, U.K.
| | - Andrew Wood
- Department
of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, U.K.
| | - Richard Weightman
- Department
of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, U.K.
| | - Eugenia Wang
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Harry Moore
- Department
of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department
of Chemistry, Dainton Building, University
of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K.
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8
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Naumovich YA, Buckland VE, Sen'ko DA, Nelyubina YV, Khoroshutina YA, Sukhorukov AY, Ioffe SL. Metal-assisted addition of a nitrate anion to bis(oxy)enamines. A general approach to the synthesis of α-nitroxy-oxime derivatives from nitronates. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3963-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00388e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
α-Nitroxy oxime derivatives have been synthesized by a metal-assisted addition of nitrate anion to bis(oxy)enamines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sema L. Ioffe
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Moscow
- Russia
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9
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Kimura Y, Saito N, Hanada K, Liu J, Okabe T, Kawashima SA, Yamatsugu K, Kanai M. Supramolecular Ligands for Histone Tails by Employing a Multivalent Display of Trisulfonated Calix[4]arenes. Chembiochem 2015; 16:2599-604. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Kimura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); ERATO; Kanai Life Science Catalysis Project; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Nae Saito
- Drug Discovery Initiative; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Kayo Hanada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Jiaan Liu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Takayoshi Okabe
- Drug Discovery Initiative; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shigehiro A. Kawashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); ERATO; Kanai Life Science Catalysis Project; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Kenzo Yamatsugu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); ERATO; Kanai Life Science Catalysis Project; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); ERATO; Kanai Life Science Catalysis Project; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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10
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Tanaka T, Ishitani H, Miura Y, Oishi K, Takahashi T, Suzuki T, Shoda SI, Kimura Y. Protecting-Group-Free Synthesis of Glycopolymers Bearing Sialyloligosaccharide and Their High Binding with the Influenza Virus. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:1074-1078. [PMID: 35610795 DOI: 10.1021/mz500555x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycopolymers having pendant triazole-linked sialyloligosaccharides were successfully synthesized from free saccharides without any protection of the hydroxy and carboxy groups on the saccharides. The glycomonomers were synthesized by the direct azidation of free saccharides using 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride as a condensing agent followed by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. The resultant glycomonomers were copolymerized with acrylamide by a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer technique. Each of the glycopolymers were obtained and then immobilized on a gold-coated sensor of quartz crystal microbalance to analyze their binding behavior with the lectin. The glycopolymers strongly bound with the corresponding lectin without nonspecific adsorption in aqueous solution. In addition, the glycopolymer bearing a complex-type sialyl N-linked oligosaccharide was found to strongly bind with both human and avian influenza A viruses. The strong binding, observed using the hemagglutination inhibition assay, was attributed to the glycocluster effect of the glycopolymer and the biantennary structure of the N-linked oligosaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Tanaka
- Department
of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishitani
- Department
of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Miura
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyusyu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kenta Oishi
- Department
of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tadanobu Takahashi
- Department
of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department
of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Shoda
- Department
of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Kimura
- Department
of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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11
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Tanaka T, Inoue G, Shoda SI, Kimura Y. Protecting-group-free synthesis of glycopolymers bearing thioglycosides via one-pot monomer synthesis from free saccharides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Tanaka
- Department of Biobased Materials Science; Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Genri Inoue
- Department of Biobased Materials Science; Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Shoda
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba; Sendai Miyagi 980-8579 Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Kimura
- Department of Biobased Materials Science; Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
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12
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Benzyl {2-[(2-(1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl} carbamate. MOLBANK 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/m828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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13
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Yoshida K, Yang B, Yang W, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Huang X. Chemical Synthesis of Syndecan-3 Glycopeptides Bearing Two Heparan Sulfate Glycan Chains. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Yoshida K, Yang B, Yang W, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Huang X. Chemical synthesis of syndecan-3 glycopeptides bearing two heparan sulfate glycan chains. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9051-8. [PMID: 24981920 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Despite the ubiquitous presence of proteoglycans in mammalian systems, methodologies to synthesize this class of glycopeptides with homogeneous glycans are not well developed. Herein, we report the first synthesis of a glycosaminoglycan family glycopeptide containing two different heparan sulfate chains, namely the extracellular domain of syndecan-3. With the large size and tremendous structural complexity of these molecules, multiple unexpected obstacles were encountered during the synthesis, including high sensitivity to base treatment and the instability of glycopeptides with two glycan chains towards catalytic hydrogenation conditions. A successful strategy was established by constructing the partially deprotected single glycan chain containing glycopeptides first, followed by union of the glycan-bearing fragments and cleavage of the ester-type protecting groups. This work lays the foundation for preparing other members of this important class of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824 (USA)
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15
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Pett C, Westerlind U. A convergent strategy for the synthesis of type-1 elongated mucin cores 1-3 and the corresponding glycopeptides. Chemistry 2014; 20:7287-99. [PMID: 24842272 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mucins are a class of highly O-glycosylated proteins found on the surface of cells in epithelial tissues. O-Glycosylation is crucial for the functionality of mucins and changes therein can have severe consequences for an organism. With that in mind, the elucidation of interactions of carbohydrate binding proteins with mucins, whether in morbidly altered or unaltered conditions, continue to shed light on mechanisms involved in diseases like chronic inflammations and cancer. Despite the known importance of type-1 and type-2 elongated mucin cores 1-4 in glycobiology, the corresponding type-1 structures are much less well studied. Here, the first chemical synthesis of extended mucin type-1 O-glycan core 1-3 amino acid structures based on a convergent approach is presented. By utilizing differentiation in acceptor reactivity, shared early stage Tn- and T-acceptor intermediates were elongated with a common type-1 [β-D-Gal-1,3-β-D-GlcNAc] disaccharide, which allows for straightforward preparation of diverse glycosylated amino acids carrying the type-1 mucin core 1-3 saccharides. The obtained glycosylated 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-protected amino acid building blocks were employed in synthesis of type-1 mucin glycopeptides, which are useful in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pett
- Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Analytischen Wissenschaften e.V. ISAS, Leibniz Institute for Analytical Sciences, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227 Dortmund (Germany)
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16
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Pett C, Schorlemer M, Westerlind U. A unified strategy for the synthesis of mucin cores 1-4 saccharides and the assembled multivalent glycopeptides. Chemistry 2013; 19:17001-10. [PMID: 24307362 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
By displaying different O-glycans in a multivalent mode, mucin and mucin-like glycoproteins are involved in a plethora of protein binding events. The understanding of the roles of the glycans and the identification of potential glycan binding proteins are major challenges. To enable future binding studies of mucin glycan and glycopeptide probes, a method that gives flexible and efficient access to all common mucin core-glycosylated amino acids was developed. Based on a convergent synthesis strategy starting from a shared early stage intermediate by differentiation in the glycoside acceptor reactivity, a common disaccharide building block allows for the creation of extended glycosylated amino acids carrying the mucin type-2 cores 1-4 saccharides. Formation of a phenyl-sulfenyl-N-Troc (Troc=trichloroethoxycarbonyl) byproduct during N-iodosuccinimide-promoted thioglycoside couplings was further characterized and a new methodology for the removal of the Troc group is described. The obtained glycosylated 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-protected amino acid building blocks are incorporated into peptides for multivalent glycan display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pett
- Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Analytischen, Wissenschaften e.V. ISAS-Leibniz, Institute for Analytical Sciences, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6b, 44227 Dortmund (Germany), Fax: (+49) 231-1392-4850
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Kakita K, Tsuda T, Suzuki N, Nakamura S, Nambu H, Hashimoto S. A stereocontrolled construction of 2-azido-2-deoxy-1,2-cis-α-galactosidic linkages utilizing 2-azido-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxygalactopyranosyl diphenyl phosphates: stereoselective synthesis of mucin core 5 and core 7 structures. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Recent advances in developing synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapies. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:545-84. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can often be distinguished from healthy cells by the expression of unique carbohydrate sequences decorating the cell surface as a result of aberrant glycosyltransferase activity occurring within the cell; these unusual carbohydrates can be used as valuable immunological targets in modern vaccine designs to raise carbohydrate-specific antibodies. Many tumor antigens (e.g., GM2, Ley, globo H, sialyl Tn and TF) have been identified to date in a variety of cancers. Unfortunately, carbohydrates alone evoke poor immunogenicity, owing to their lack of ability in inducing T-cell-dependent immune responses. In order to enhance their immunogenicity and promote long-lasting immune responses, carbohydrates are often chemically modified to link to an immunogenic protein or peptide fragment for eliciting T-cell-dependent responses. This review will present a summary of efforts and advancements made to date on creating carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines, and will include novel approaches to overcoming the poor immunogenicity of carbohydrate-based vaccines.
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Morelli L, Poletti L, Lay L. Carbohydrates and Immunology: Synthetic Oligosaccharide Antigens for Vaccine Formulation. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Morelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, CISI and ISTM‐CNR, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Poletti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, CISI and ISTM‐CNR, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Lay
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, CISI and ISTM‐CNR, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Draghici B, Hansen FK, Buciumas AM, El-Gendy BEDM, Todadze E, Katritzky AR. Efficient microwave-assisted synthesis of aminoxy acid conjugates. RSC Adv 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00413a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Wilkinson BL, Malins LR, Chun CKY, Payne RJ. Synthesis of MUC1–lipopeptide chimeras. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:6249-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc01360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Zhu J, Warren JD, Danishefsky SJ. Synthetic carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines: the Memorial Sloan-Kettering experience. Expert Rev Vaccines 2009; 8:1399-413. [PMID: 19803761 DOI: 10.1586/erv.09.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Malignantly transformed cells can express aberrant cell surface glycosylation patterns, which serve to distinguish them from normal cells. This phenotype provides an opportunity for the development of carbohydrate-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. Synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines, properly introduced through vaccination of a subject with a suitable construct, should be recognized by the immune system. Antibodies induced against these carbohydrate antigens could then participate in the eradication of carbohydrate-displaying tumor cells. Advances in carbohydrate synthetic capabilities have allowed us to efficiently prepare a range of complex, synthetic anticancer vaccine candidates. We describe herein the progression of our longstanding carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccine program, which is now at the threshold of clinical evaluation in several contexts. Our carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccine program has evolved through a number of stages: monomeric vaccines, monomeric clustered vaccines, unimolecular multi-antigenic vaccines and dual-acting vaccines. This account will focus on our recently developed unimolecular multi-antigenic constructs and potential dual-acting constructs, which contain clusters of both carbohydrate and peptide epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglong Zhu
- Research Fellow, Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Buskas T, Thompson P, Boons GJ. Immunotherapy for cancer: synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:5335-49. [PMID: 19724783 PMCID: PMC2787243 DOI: 10.1039/b908664c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation of glycoproteins and glycolipids of cancer cells, which correlates with poor survival rates, is being exploited for the development of immunotherapies for cancer. In particular, advances in the knowledge of cooperation between the innate and adaptive system combined with the implementation of efficient synthetic methods for assembly of oligosaccharides and glycopeptides is providing avenues for the rationale design of vaccine candidates. In this respect, fully synthetic vaccine candidates show great promise because they incorporate only those elements requires for relevant immune responses, and hence do not suffer from immune suppression observed with classical carbohydrate-protein conjugate vaccines. Such vaccines are chemically well-defined and it is to be expected that they can be produced in a reproducible fashion. In this feature article, recent advances in the development of fully synthetic sub-unit carbohydrate-based cancer vaccines will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Buskas
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Nagorny P, Kim WH, Wan Q, Lee D, Danishefsky SJ. On the emerging role of chemistry in the fashioning of biologics: synthesis of a bidomainal fucosyl GM1-based vaccine for the treatment of small cell lung cancer. J Org Chem 2009; 74:5157-62. [PMID: 19555091 PMCID: PMC2736353 DOI: 10.1021/jo900918m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the novel small cell lung cancer (SCLC) fucosyl GM1-based vaccine construct, featuring insertion of the HLA-DR binding 15 amino acid sequence derived from Plasmodium falciparum, is described. The resultant glycopeptide has been synthesized in an efficient manner. Finally, successful conjugation of the glycopeptide to the keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) carrier protein completed the preparation of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Nagorny
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Woo Han Kim
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Qian Wan
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Dongjoo Lee
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027
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Zhu J, Wan Q, Ragupathi G, George CM, Livingston PO, Danishefsky SJ. Biologics through chemistry: total synthesis of a proposed dual-acting vaccine targeting ovarian cancer by orchestration of oligosaccharide and polypeptide domains. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:4151-8. [PMID: 19253940 DOI: 10.1021/ja810147j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate and peptide-based antitumor vaccine constructs featuring clusters of both tumor associated carbohydrate antigens and mucin-like peptide epitopes have been designed, synthesized, and studied. The mucin-based epitopes are included to act, potentially, as T-cell epitopes in order to provoke a strong immune response. Hopefully the vaccine will simulate cell surface architecture, thereby provoking levels of immunity against cancer cell types displaying such characteristics. With this central idea in mind, we designed a new vaccine type against ovarian cancer. Following advances in glycohistology, our design is based on clusters of Gb(3) antigen and also incorporates a MUC5AC peptide epitope. The vaccine is among the most complex targeted constructs to be assembled by chemical synthesis to date. The strategy for the synthesis employed a Gb(3)-MUC5AC thioester cassette as a key building block. Syntheses of both nonconjugate and KLH-conjugated vaccines constructs have been accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglong Zhu
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 YorkAVenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Niederhafner P, Reinis M, Sebestík J, Jezek J. Glycopeptide dendrimers, part III: a review. Use of glycopeptide dendrimers in immunotherapy and diagnosis of cancer and viral diseases. J Pept Sci 2008; 14:556-87. [PMID: 18275089 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycopeptide dendrimers containing different types of tumor associated-carbohydrate antigens (T(N), TF, sialyl-T(N), sialyl-TF, sialyl-Le(x), sialyl-Le(a) etc.) were used in diagnosis and therapy of different sorts of cancer. These dendrimeric structures with incorporated T-cell epitopes and adjuvants can be used as antitumor vaccines. Best results were obtained with multiantigenic vaccines, containing, e.g. five or six different TAAs. The topic of TAAs and their dendrimeric forms at molecular level are reviewed, including structure, syntheses, and biological activities. Use of glycopeptide dendrimers as antiviral vaccines against HIV and influenza is also described. Their syntheses, physico-chemical properties, and biological activities are given with many examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Niederhafner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Ouerfelli O, Warren JD, Wilson RM, Danishefsky SJ. Synthetic carbohydrate-based antitumor vaccines: challenges and opportunities. Expert Rev Vaccines 2007; 4:677-85. [PMID: 16221069 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.4.5.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The development of a clinically effective, carbohydrate-based antitumor vaccine is a longstanding ambition in the prevention and treatment of cancer. This review seeks to provide a discussion of some of the unique challenges facing this particular field of immunology. The authors present a historic account of their ongoing research program devoted to the development of fully synthetic, carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines of clinical value. As will be seen, remarkable advances in carbohydrate and glycopeptide assembly techniques have allowed for the preparation of synthetic constructs of progressively increasing structural complexity. The authors describe the evolution of their synthetic carbohydrate program from first-generation constructs, which were monovalent in nature, to highly complex unimolecular multivalent vaccines, in which multiple carbohydrate antigens are displayed in the context of a single polypeptide backbone. It is the hope that each generation of vaccines represents a move closer to achieving the ultimate objective of developing broadly useful, robust anticancer vaccines.
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Katritzky AR, Angrish P, Narindoshvili T. Chiral O-(Z-α-Aminoacyl) Sugars: Convenient Building Blocks for Glycopeptide Libraries. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 18:994-8. [PMID: 17441683 DOI: 10.1021/bc0603687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1,2:3,4-Di-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-galactopyranose (2), 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-d-glucose (5), and 2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-mannofuranose (7) are efficiently O-acylated in 78-96% yields with readily available N-(Z-alpha-aminoacyl)benzotriazoles 1a-e, 1d+1d' under microwave irradiation to give chiral 3a-d, 4, 6a-d, 8a,b and diastereomeric mixtures (3d+3d'), (6a+6a'), and (6d+6d'). The original chirality was retained as evidenced by HPLC. The diisopropylidene protecting groups were removed from compounds 3a,d, 6d to give the free O-(Z-alpha-aminoacyl) sugars 9a,b, 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, USA.
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29
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Wu X, Lipinski T, Carrel FR, Bailey JJ, Bundle DR. Synthesis and immunochemical studies on a Candida albicans cluster glycoconjugate vaccine. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:3477-85. [DOI: 10.1039/b709912f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Mason PE, Neilson GW, Enderby JE, Saboungi ML, Cuello G, Brady JW. Neutron diffraction and simulation studies of the exocyclic hydroxymethyl conformation of glucose. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:224505. [PMID: 17176147 DOI: 10.1063/1.2393237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The techniques of neutron diffraction with isotopic substitution (NDIS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been used to examine the rotational conformation of the exocyclic hydroxymethyl group of D-glucopyranose. First order H/D NDIS experiments were performed on the H6 position in 3m aqueous glucose solutions where the average coherent scattering length of the exchangeable hydrogen atoms was zero (i.e., all correlations between exchangeable hydrogen atoms and other atoms cancel and thus are not present in the scattering data). This H6 experimental result suggests that no single conformation for the C4-C5-C6-O6 dihedral reproduces the observed scattering data well, but that a mixture of the gg and gt conformations, which has been suggested by NMR experiments, gives a reasonable agreement between the MD and experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip E Mason
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Ojeda R, de Paz JL, Barrientos AG, Martín-Lomas M, Penadés S. Preparation of multifunctional glyconanoparticles as a platform for potential carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines. Carbohydr Res 2006; 342:448-59. [PMID: 17173881 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Revised: 11/13/2006] [Accepted: 11/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel platform for anticancer vaccines has been prepared using glyconanotechnology recently developed in our laboratory. Ten different multifunctional gold glyconanoparticles incorporating sialylTn and Lewis(y) antigens, T-cell helper peptides (TT) and glucose in well defined average proportions and with differing density have been synthesised in one step and characterised using NMR and TEM. Size and nature of the linker were crucial to control kinetics of S-Au bond formation and to achieve the desired ligand ratio on the gold clusters. The technology presented here opens the way for tailoring polyvalent anticancer vaccines candidates and drug delivery carriers with defined average chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ojeda
- Grupo de Carbohidratos, Laboratory of Glyconanotechnology, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas-CSIC, Américo Vespucio, 49, E-41092 Seville, Spain
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Wang Y, Kiick KL. Monodisperse Protein-Based Glycopolymers via a Combined Biosynthetic and Chemical Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:16392-3. [PMID: 16305215 PMCID: PMC2606051 DOI: 10.1021/ja055102+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Helical protein polymers with sequences comprising primarily alanine and glutamine have been designed to contain glutamic acid residues at distances that are targeted to match the receptor spacing of certain toxins and lectins. These proteins are readily expressed and purified from E. coli and are highly helical under a variety of solution conditions. The helical artificial proteins are also competent for chemical modification with saccharides for inhibition of select bacterial toxins and lectins. In the investigations reported here, multivalent artificial glycoproteins bearing galactose moieties as pendant groups have been prepared via the coupling reaction of amine-functionalized galactose with the glutamic acid functional groups of the protein polymer. Glycosylation of proteins was confirmed via mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, SDS-PAGE, and photometric methods. CD spectroscopy shows that the resulting glycosylated proteins maintain a highly helical structure, and competitive ELISA assays suggest the efficient binding of these glycoproteins to cholera toxin. These results demonstrate that the integration of biological and chemical approaches in the synthesis of well-defined polymeric structures offers significant opportunities in the purposeful design of glycopolymers for applications in biology.
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Hojo H, Matsumoto Y, Nakahara Y, Ito E, Suzuki Y, Suzuki M, Suzuki A, Nakahara Y. Chemical Synthesis of 23 kDa Glycoprotein by Repetitive Segment Condensation: A Synthesis of MUC2 Basal Motif Carrying Multiple O-GalNAc Moieties. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:13720-5. [PMID: 16190738 DOI: 10.1021/ja053711b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peptide thioester corresponding to a MUC2 tandem repeat unit, which retains seven GalNAc moieties, was prepared by the Fmoc method followed by the low TfOH treatment to remove benzyl groups at the carbohydrate portions. The glycosylated peptide thioester was then consecutively joined by the activation of a thioester group by silver ions to obtain a MUC2 tandem repeat model composed of 141 amino acids with 42 GalNAc moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Hojo
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycotechnology, Tokai University, Kitakaname 1117, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan.
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Abstract
Carbohydrates have established themselves as the most clinically relevant antigens of those tested and subsequently developed for vaccines against infectious diseases. However, in cancer patients, many of the defined carbohydrate antigens are really altered 'self' antigens and for unclear reasons, the body does not react to them immunologically. Although these self antigens have been found to be potentially suitable targets for immune recognition and killing, the development of vaccines for cancer treatment is actually more challenging compared with those for infectious diseases mainly because of the difficulty associated with breaking the body's immunological tolerance to the antigen. These antigens lack the inherent immunogenicity associated with bacterial antigens and, therefore, methods to enhance immunological recognition and induction of immunity in vivo are under investigation. These include defining the appropriate tumour-associated antigen, successfully synthesizing the antigen to mimic the original molecule, inducing an immune response, and subsequently enhancing the immunological reactivity so that all components can work together. This has been successfully accomplished with several glycolipid and glycoprotein antigens using carriers such as keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) together with a saponin adjuvant, QS-21. Not only can high titre IgM and IgG antibodies be induced, which are specific for the antigen used for immunization, but the antibodies can mediate complement lysis. The approaches for synthesis, conjugation, clinical administration and immunological potential are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan F Slovin
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10021, USA.
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Majumdar D, Elsayed GA, Buskas T, Boons GJ. Synthesis of Proteophosphoglycans of Leishmania major and Leishmania mexicana. J Org Chem 2005; 70:1691-7. [PMID: 15730289 DOI: 10.1021/jo048443z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach for the synthesis of various fragments of proteophosphoglycans from Leishmania major and Leishmania mexicana proteophosphoglycans has been developed. These compounds have been obtained by coupling alpha-mannosyl and alpha-N-acetyl-glucosamine phosphoramidite derivatives with the serine hydroxyl of various amino acids and peptides to give, after oxidation with tert-BuOOH, phosphotriesters exclusively as alpha-anomers in good yield. The resulting compounds could be deblocked using conventional methods. Glycophosphorylation of preassembled and properly protected peptides was found to be more efficient for the preparation of proteophosphoglycan fragments than a building block approach strategy using a phosphoglycosylserine derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debatosh Majumdar
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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Svarovsky SA, Barchi JJ. Highly efficient preparation of tumor antigen-containing glycopeptide building blocks from novel pentenyl glycosides. Carbohydr Res 2004; 338:1925-35. [PMID: 14499569 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(03)00323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
O-Glycosylated amino acids containing the tumor-associated T(Tf)-antigen (beta-D-Gal-(1-->3)-alpha-D-GalNAc) disaccharide unit were conveniently synthesized in seven steps starting from D-galactose via an n-pentenyl glycoside (NPG) building block. Azidonitration of 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-galactal, followed by nitrate displacement with simultaneous acetate hydrolysis with sodium 4-penten-1-oxide, afforded n-pentenyl 2-deoxy-2-azidogalactoside (3) in near quantitative yield. Subsequent high-yielding transformations resulted in the synthesis of the key glycosyl donor n-pentenyl beta-disaccharide 5 that was employed for the stereospecific preparation of glycosyl amino acids via NIS-promoted glycosylations with serine or threonine acceptors. The surprising utility of the reaction of sodium 4-penten-1-oxide with anomeric nitrates encouraged the detailed exploration of the action of a variety of nucleophiles on anomeric nitrates for the synthesis of useful 2-azido glycosyl donors directly from the 'classic' Lemieux azidonitration product of protected galactals. This expedient synthesis (28% overall yield from 1 to 7a) that makes use of heretofore rarely exploited pentenyl 2'-azidoglycosides, should be a valuable entry in the armamentarium of routes to biologically relevant glycopeptides in both mono- and multivalent forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge A Svarovsky
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, National Institutes of Health, 376 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Designing Ionic Liquids: 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Cations with Substituted Tetraphenylborate Counterions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200300057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Grogan MJ, Pratt MR, Marcaurelle LA, Bertozzi CR. Homogeneous glycopeptides and glycoproteins for biological investigation. Annu Rev Biochem 2002; 71:593-634. [PMID: 12045107 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is widely recognized as a modulator of protein structure, localization, and cell-cell recognition in multicellular systems. Glycoproteins are typically expressed as mixtures of glycoforms, their oligosaccharides being generated by a template-independent biosynthetic process. Investigation of their function has been greatly assisted by sources of homogeneous material. This review summarizes current efforts to obtain homogeneous glycopeptide and glycoprotein materials by a variety of methods that draw from the techniques of recombinant expression, chemical synthesis, enzymatic transformation, and chemoselective ligation. Some of these techniques remove obstacles to glycoprotein synthesis by installing nonnative linkages and other modifications for facilitated assembly. The end purpose of the described approaches is the production of glycosylated materials for experiments relevant to the biological investigation of glycoproteins, although the strategies presented apply to other posttranslational modifications as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Grogan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California; Berkeley California 94720, USA.
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Abstract
The O-protecting groups Levulinoyl (Lev) and 9-fluroenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) offer an attractive set of orthogonal protecting groups which are compatible with base sensitive N-trichloroethoxylcarbonyl (Troc) group. B exploiting these orthogonal protecting groups and a novel phenolic ester linker, a series of oligosaccharide of biological importance, Le(x), H-type 2, and Le(y), were synthesized on the polytheylene glycol resin MPEG (Mw 5000). The products bearing a p-hydroxybenzyl group could be easily converted into glycosyl donors for further synthesis. Using this strategy, a spacer containing tumor antigen Le(y)-Lac hexasaccharide was described. The artificial spacer at the reducing end provides an opportunity for selective conjugation to an appropriate carrier protein for immunlogical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zhu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-4712, USA
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Jeric´ I, Horvat Š. Novel Ester-Linked Carbohydrate−Peptide Adducts: Effect of the Peptide Substituent on the Pathways of Intramolecular Reactions. European J Org Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200104)2001:8<1533::aid-ejoc1533>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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44
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Kudryashov V, Glunz PW, Williams LJ, Hintermann S, Danishefsky SJ, Lloyd KO. Toward optimized carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines: epitope clustering, carrier structure, and adjuvant all influence antibody responses to Lewis(y) conjugates in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:3264-9. [PMID: 11248067 PMCID: PMC30642 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.051623598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The feasibility of using carbohydrate-based vaccines for the immunotherapy of cancer is being actively explored at the present time. Although a number of clinical trials have already been conducted with glycoconjugate vaccines, the optimal design and composition of the vaccines has yet to be determined. Among the candidate antigens being examined is Lewis(y) (Le(y)), a blood group-related antigen that is overexpressed on the majority of human carcinomas. Using Le(y) as a model for specificity, we have examined the role of epitope clustering, carrier structure, and adjuvant on the immunogenicity of Le(y) conjugates in mice. A glycolipopeptide containing a cluster of three contiguous Le(y)-serine epitopes and the Pam(3)Cys immunostimulating moiety was found to be superior to a similar construct containing only one Le(y)-serine epitope in eliciting antitumor cell antibodies. Because only IgM antibodies were produced by this vaccine, the effect on immunogenicity of coupling the glycopeptide to keyhole limpet hemocyanin was examined; although both IgM and IgG antibodies were formed, the antibodies reacted only with the immunizing structure. Reexamination of the clustered Le(y)-serine Pam(3)Cys conjugate with the adjuvant QS-21 resulted in the identification of both IgG and IgM antibodies reacting with tumor cells, thus demonstrating the feasibility of an entirely synthetic carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccine in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kudryashov
- Tumor Antigen Laboratory, Immunology Program and Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
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45
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Allen JR, Harris CR, Danishefsky SJ. Pursuit of optimal carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines: preparation of a multiantigenic unimolecular glycopeptide containing the Tn, MBr1, and Lewis(y) antigens. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:1890-7. [PMID: 11456809 DOI: 10.1021/ja002779i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel preparation of nonnatural glycoamino acids starting from n-pentenyl glycosides is described. The approach involves a Horner-Emmons olefination with a suitably protected glycine-derived phosphonate, followed by catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation, which proceeds with excellent diastereomeric selectivity. The synthetic methodology was useful for the preparation of glycoamino acids containing the Tn antigen, the MBr1 antigen (Globo-H), the Le(y) antigen, and lactose. These glycoamino acids can also serve as units for peptide synthesis. The synthesis of polyvalent glycopeptides containing three different antitumor antigens is described (28 and 29), and these have been prepared for conjugation to carrier protein in order to access the immunogenicity for tumor immunotherapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Allen
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
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46
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Marcaurelle LA, Bertozzi CR. Chemoselective elaboration of O-linked glycopeptide mimetics by alkylation of 3-thioGalNAc. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:1587-95. [PMID: 11456757 DOI: 10.1021/ja003713q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A critical branch point in mucin-type oligosaccharides is the beta 1-->3 glycosidic linkage to the core alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue. We report here a strategy for the synthesis of O-linked glycopeptide analogues that replaces this linkage with a thioether amenable to construction by chemoselective ligation. The key building block was a 2-azido-3-thiogalactose-Thr analogue that was incorporated into a peptide by fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-based solid-phase peptide synthesis. Higher order oligosaccharides were readily generated by alkylation of the corresponding 3-thioGalNAc with N-bromoacetamido sugars. The rapid assembly of "core 1"and "core 3" O-linked glycopeptide mimetics was accomplished in this fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Marcaurelle
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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47
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Westwell AD, Langston S. Monitor: molecules and profiles. Drug Discov Today 2001; 6:102-104. [PMID: 11166258 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(00)01641-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Monitor provides an insight into the latest developments in drug discovery through brief synopses of recent presentations and publications together with expert commentaries on the latest technologies. There are two sections: Molecules summarizes the chemistry and the pharmacological significance and biological relevance of new molecules reported in the literature and on the conference scene; Profiles offers commentary on promising lines of research, emerging molecular targets, novel technology, advances in synthetic and separation techniques and legislative issues(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- A D. Westwell
- Cancer Research Laboratories, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
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48
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Kiessling LL, Gestwicki JE, Strong LE. Synthetic multivalent ligands in the exploration of cell-surface interactions. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2000; 4:696-703. [PMID: 11102876 DOI: 10.1016/s1367-5931(00)00153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 426] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Processes such as cell-cell recognition and the initiation of signal transduction often depend on the formation of multiple receptor-ligand complexes at the cell surface. Synthetic multivalent ligands are unique probes of these complex cell-surface-binding events. Multivalent ligands can be used as inhibitors of receptor-ligand interactions or as activators of signal transduction pathways. Emerging from these complementary applications is insight into how cells exploit multivalent interactions to bind with increased avidity and specificity and how cell-surface receptor organization influences signaling and the cellular responses that result.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Kiessling
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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49
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Williams LJ, Harris CR, Glunz PW, Danishefsky SJ. In pursuit of an anticancer vaccine: a monomolecular construct containing multiple carbohydrate antigens. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)01656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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