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Avila-Martinez N, Gansevoort M, Verbakel J, Jayaprakash H, Araujo IM, Vitorino M, Tiscornia G, van Kuppevelt TH, Daamen WF. Matrisomal components involved in regenerative wound healing in axolotl and Acomys: implications for biomaterial development. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6060-6081. [PMID: 37525590 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00835e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Achieving regeneration in humans has been a long-standing goal of many researchers. Whereas amphibians like the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) are capable of regenerating whole organs and even limbs, most mammals heal their wounds via fibrotic scarring. Recently, the African spiny mouse (Acomys sp.) has been shown to be injury resistant and capable of regenerating several tissue types. A major focal point of research with Acomys has been the identification of drivers of regeneration. In this search, the matrisome components related to the extracellular matrix (ECM) are often overlooked. In this review, we compare Acomys and axolotl skin wound healing and blastema-mediated regeneration by examining their wound healing responses and comparing the expression pattern of matrisome genes, including glycosaminoglycan (GAG) related genes. The goal of this review is to identify matrisome genes that are upregulated during regeneration and could be potential candidates for inclusion in pro-regenerative biomaterials. Research papers describing transcriptomic or proteomic coverage of either skin regeneration or blastema formation in Acomys and axolotl were selected. Matrisome and GAG related genes were extracted from each dataset and the resulting lists of genes were compared. In our analysis, we found several genes that were consistently upregulated, suggesting possible involvement in regenerative processes. Most of the components have been implicated in regulation of cell behavior, extracellular matrix remodeling and wound healing. Incorporation of such pro-regenerative factors into biomaterials may help to shift pro-fibrotic processes to regenerative responses in treated wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Avila-Martinez
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Research Institute, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Merel Gansevoort
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Research Institute, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Juul Verbakel
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Research Institute, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Haarshaadri Jayaprakash
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ines Maria Araujo
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Marta Vitorino
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Gustavo Tiscornia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Eugin Barcelona, Balmes, 236, 08006 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toin H van Kuppevelt
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Research Institute, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Willeke F Daamen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Research Institute, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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2
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Yin S, Li L, Su L, Li H, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Liu R, Zou F, Ni G. Synthesis and in vitro synergistic antifungal activity of analogues of Panax stipulcanatus saponin against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans. Carbohydr Res 2022; 517:108575. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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3
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Wang R, Chen JZ, Zheng XA, Kong R, Gong SS, Sun Q. Hafnium(IV) triflate as a potent catalyst for selective 1-O-deacetylation of peracetylated saccharides. Carbohydr Res 2018; 455:114-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Petry N, Vucko T, Collet C, Lamandé-Langle S, Pellegrini-Moïse N, Chrétien F. Synthesis and revised stereochemical assignment of C -allyl glucopyranosides and derivatives. Carbohydr Res 2017; 445:61-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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5
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Zelli R, Tommasone S, Dumy P, Marra A, Dondoni A. A Click Ligation Based on SuFEx for the Metal-Free Synthesis of Sugar and Iminosugar Clusters. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Zelli
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR 5247; CNRS; Université de Montpellier; Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier; 8 Rue de l'Ecole Normale 34296 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Stefano Tommasone
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR 5247; CNRS; Université de Montpellier; Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier; 8 Rue de l'Ecole Normale 34296 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Pascal Dumy
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR 5247; CNRS; Université de Montpellier; Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier; 8 Rue de l'Ecole Normale 34296 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Alberto Marra
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR 5247; CNRS; Université de Montpellier; Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier; 8 Rue de l'Ecole Normale 34296 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Alessandro Dondoni
- Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation; Università di Ferrara; Via Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
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6
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Wegner J, Ley SV, Kirschning A, Hansen AL, Montenegro Garcia J, Baxendale IR. A Total Synthesis of Millingtonine A. Org Lett 2012; 14:696-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol203158p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Wegner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K., and Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University of Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K., and Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University of Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K., and Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University of Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne-Lene Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K., and Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University of Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Javier Montenegro Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K., and Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University of Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ian R. Baxendale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K., and Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University of Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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7
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8
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Chang SS, Lin CC, Li YK, Mong KKT. A straightforward α-selective aromatic glycosylation and its application for stereospecific synthesis of 4-methylumbelliferyl α-T-antigen. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:432-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 12/07/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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N-Dimethylphosphoryl-protected glucosamine trichloroacetimidate as an effective glycosylation donor. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.04.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Stowell CL, Barvian KK, Young PCM, Bigsby RM, Verdugo DE, Bertozzi CR, Widlanski TS. A Role for Sulfation-Desulfation in the Uptake of Bisphenol A into Breast Tumor Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 13:891-7. [PMID: 16931338 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2006.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2005] [Revised: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 06/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used plasticizer whose estrogenic properties may impact hormone-responsive disorders and fetal development. In vivo, BPA appears to have greater activity than is suggested by its estrogen receptor (ER) binding affinity. This may be a result of BPA sulfation/desulfation providing a pathway for selective uptake into hormone-responsive cells. BPA is a substrate for estrogen sulfotransferase, and bisphenol A sulfate (BPAS) and disulfate are substrates for estrone sulfatase. Although the sulfated xenobiotics bind poorly to the ER, both stimulated the growth of receptor-positive breast tumor cells. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with BPAS leads to desulfation and uptake of BPA. No BPAS is found inside the cells. These findings suggest a mechanism for the selective uptake of BPA into cells expressing estrone sulfatase. Therefore, sulfation may increase the estrogenic potential of xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheri L Stowell
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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11
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Xia J, Xue J, Locke RD, Chandrasekaran EV, Srikrishnan T, Matta KL. Synthesis of Fluorinated Mucin Core 2 Branched Oligosaccharides with the Potential of Novel Substrates and Enzyme Inhibitors for Glycosyltransferases and Sulfotransferases. J Org Chem 2006; 71:3696-706. [PMID: 16674039 DOI: 10.1021/jo052626j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses of fluorinated mucin core 2 tri- and tetrasaccharides modified at the C-3 or C-4 position of the pertinent galactose residue are reported. These compounds were used for the study of sialyltransferases and 3-O-sulfotransferases involved in the biosynthesis of O-glycans. Our acceptor substrate specificity studies on three cloned sialyltransferases (Sia-Ts) revealed that a 3- or 4-fluoro substituent in beta1,4Gal resulted in poor acceptors for alpha2,6(N)Sia-T and alpha2,3(N)Sia-T, whereas 4-fluoro-Galbeta1,3GalNAcalpha was a good acceptor for alpha2,3(O)Sia-T. Uniquely, 4-F-Galbeta1,4GlcNAcbeta1,6(Galbeta1,3)GalNAcalpha-OBn was an inhibitor of alpha2,6(N)Sia-T activity but not alpha2,3(N)Sia-T activity. Further we found that the activities of only Gal 3-O-sulfotransferases and not sialyltransferases were adversely affected by a C-3 fluoro substituent at the other Gal terminal of mucin core 2. The strategy of building branched mucin core 2 structures by three glycosidation sequence coupling three classes of glycosyl donors with the reactivity-matching acceptors proved to be successful in syntheses of modified mucin-type core structures of O-glycan. The relative poor yields of the glycosylations using fluorinated galactosyl donors indicated that the fluorine modification dramatically decreased the donor reactivity due to electron-withdrawing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xia
- Department of Cancer Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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12
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Abstract
Sulfotransferases catalyze the transfer of a sulfuryl group from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to proteins, carbohydrates and small molecules. The sulfotransferases comprise cytosolic and Golgi-resident enzymes; Golgi-resident enzymes represent fertile territory for identifying pharmaceutical targets. Structure-based sequence alignments indicate that the structural fold, and the PAPS-binding site, is conserved between the two classes. Initial efforts to identify sulfotransferase inhibitors by screening kinase inhibitor libraries yielded competitive inhibitors of PAPS with muM IC(50) values. Within particular classes of Golgi-resident sulfotransferases that show tight in vitro specificity, the substrate-binding site might be a suitable drug target, although sulfotransferases are generally assumed to be difficult to inhibit as a result of the expected size and chemical character of the substrate-binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia L Rath
- Thios Pharmaceuticals, 5980 Horton Street, Suite 400, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
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13
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Caddick S, Hamza D, Judd DB, Reich MT, Wadman SN, Wilden JD. A novel route to functionalized PFP esters via rapid intermolecular radical addition to PFP acrylate mediated by ethylpiperidinium hypophosphite (EPHP). Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Uzawa H, Nishida Y, Sasaki K, Minoura N, Kobayashi K. Synthetic potential of molluscan sulfatases for the library synthesis of regioselectively O-sulfonated D-galacto-sugars. Chembiochem 2003; 4:640-7. [PMID: 12851934 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200300616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The substrate specificities of three molluscan sulfatases (E.C. 3.1.6.1; snail, abalone, and limpet origins) were investigated with assorted p-nitrophenyl (pNP) di-O-sulfonated beta-D-galactopyranosides and beta-lactosides [3,6-SO(3) Gal (1), 3',6'-SO(3) Lac (2), 4, 6SO(3) Gal (3), 2,6-SO(3) Gal (4), 3,4-SO(3) Gal (5), and 3,6-SO(3) GalNAc (6); Ac, acetyl; Gal, galactose; Lac, lactose] together with mono-O-sulfonated beta-D-galactopyranoside [pNP 3SO(3)-Gal (7)] and tri-O-sulfonated alpha-D-galactopyranoside [2,3,6-SO(3)-alpha-Gal (11)]. Some notable differences between the substrate specificity of the three sulfatases were disclosed; snail sulfatase hydrolyzed the 3O- and 2O-sulfo groups of 1 and 4, respectively, to afford 6SO(3) Gal (9) in high yields, while the abalone enzyme did not act on 4. Only the limpet enzyme could cleave the 3O-sulfo groups of 7 to give pNP beta-galactoside. In contrast, every enzyme could utilize 11 as a good substrate to afford a mixture of 6SO(3)-alpha-Gal (13) and 2,6-SO(3) alpha-Gal (12). None of the enzymes could cleave the O-sulfo groups of 5 and 6, which indicates that a primary 6O-sulfo group tends to promote the enzymatic hydrolysis of O-sulfo groups at the secondary positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Uzawa
- Laboratory of Advanced Bioelectronics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 11-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan.
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15
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Xia J, Alderfer JL, Locke RD, Piskorz CF, Matta KL. Complex oligosaccharide investigations: synthesis of an octasaccharide incorporating the dimeric Le(x) structure of PSGL-1. J Org Chem 2003; 68:2752-9. [PMID: 12662048 DOI: 10.1021/jo020698u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of an octasaccharide containing the dimeric Le(x) oligosaccharide structure found in PSGL-1 carbohydrate chains is reported. Several approaches were investigated employing regioselective and stereoselective glycosylation procedures, and a novel Lewis(x) trisaccharide donor, 7, was prepared and utilized as a key intermediate building block in the scheme developed for the construction of octasaccharide 3. Toward the preparation of 7, investigations into the influence of different protecting groups upon the relative reactivities of disaccharide acceptor moieties, 25 or 26, and the fucosyl donors, 10 and 11, were conducted using similar glycosylating conditions. Dramatic differences were noted between the effects of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups upon the reactivity of the acceptor hydroxyl. A similar effect upon the glycosylating capability of the donor molecule was, likewise, observed. The repeat use of donor 7 was instrumental in the synthesis of the desired dimeric octasaccharide structure 3. The structure and purity of 3 and important intermediates were fully characterized by DQF-COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, and ESI mass spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xia
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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16
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Togame H, Shimazaki M, Yamato A, Watanabe SI, Saito K, Reinemer P. Development of a simple homogeneous assay to screen for inhibitors of N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfotransferases. Anal Biochem 2003; 315:67-76. [PMID: 12672413 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2697(02)00632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
L-selectin, a leukocyte adhesion molecule, plays a central role in lymphocyte homing to secondary lymphoid tissue and to certain sites of inflammation. Carbohydrate sulfation was implicated in this process, when it was demonstrated that carbohydrate sulfotransferase-mediated sulfation of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) within sialyl Lewis X of cognate endothelial ligands for L-selectin was an essential modification for L-selectin binding. The recently identified GlcNAc-6-sulfotransferases GlcNAc6ST-1 and -2, which facilitate GlcNAc sulfation by catalyzing the transfer of a sulfonyl group from 3(')-phosphoadenosine 5(')-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to the 6-hydroxy group of the acceptor GlcNAc moiety, contribute to the biosynthesis of the 6-sulfosialyl Lewis X motif. Due to their pivotal role in L-selectin ligand biosynthesis, this enzyme class has recently emerged as an important and relatively unexplored class of potential targets for anti-inflammatory therapy. However, no inhibitors have been reported to date and screening for lead inhibitors has been hampered by the lack of simple assay formats suitable for high-throughput screening. Here, we report the development of a simple homogeneous in vitro sulfotransferase assay using a newly synthesized biotinylated glycoside as a substrate. The assay is based on GlcNAc6ST-2-mediated [35S]sulfate transfer from [35S]PAPS to the biotinylated glycoside and subsequent detection using streptavidin-coated SPA beads. K(m) values with partially purified GlcNAc6ST-2 for PAPS and the biotinylated glycoside were estimated to be 8.4 and 34.5 microM, respectively. The sulfotransferase reaction could be inhibited by 3('),5(')-ADP with an IC(50) of 2.1 microM. The assay can be operated in 384-well format; is characterized by a high signal-to-noise ratio, low variation, and excellent Z factors; and is highly suitable for high-throughput screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Togame
- Bayer Yakuhin Ltd., Research Center Kyoto, 6-5-1-3 Kunimidai, Kizu-cho, Soraku-gun, Japan.
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17
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Sasaki K, Nishida Y, Tsurumi T, Uzawa H, Kondo H, Kobayashi K. Facile assembly of cell surface oligosaccharide mimics by copolymerization of carbohydrate modules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002; 41:4463-7. [PMID: 12458507 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20021202)41:23<4463::aid-anie4463>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan
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18
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Xia J, Alderfer JL, Srikrishnan T, Chandrasekaran EV, Matta KL. A convergent synthesis of core 2 branched sialylated and sulfated oligosaccharides. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:3673-84. [PMID: 12213483 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00246-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A convergent pathway for the syntheses of core 2 oligosaccharide analogues 1 and 2, and a natural form sialylated and sulfated hexasaccharide 3 was developed. Construction of pentasaccharides 24, 27 and hexasaccharide 28 was achieved by complete regioselective glycosylation of the 6-OH in the acceptors 5, 7 and 8, respectively, owing to the much higher reactivity of the primary hydroxyl group over the secondary axial hydroxyl group in these structures. Stereoselective sialylation was accomplished using donor 10 with defined configuration established through X-ray crystallographic analysis. Target oligosaccharides 1-3 were then obtained by the systematic deprotection of intermediates 24, 27 and 29. With these target oligosaccharides 1-3 obtained, biological evaluations of these molecules as enzyme substrates was undertaken and selectin binding studies are planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xia
- Molecular & Cellular Biophysics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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19
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Abstract
Here we describe an efficient dot-blot assay for high-throughput screening of two enzymes, heparan sulfate N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase (NDST-1) and high-endothelial cell GlcNAc-6-sulfotransferase (HEC-GlcNAc-6-ST). The assay proceeds by transfer of 35S-labeled sulfate from [35S]-3(')-phosphoadenosine-5(')-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to the free amino groups of de-N-sulfated heparin (NDST-1), or the 6-hydroxyl groups of N-acetylglucosamine residues linked to a polyacrylamide scaffold (HEC-GlcNAc-6-ST). The 35S-labeled products are then captured on an appropriate membrane, taking advantage of their polymeric architecture. In one step, 35S-labeled by-products are then eluted from the membrane, leaving spatially separated 35S-labeled product "dots" for subsequent quantification. This assay allows for direct product detection on the membrane, obviating excessive washing and elution steps endemic to other assays. The assay was validated by measuring K(M) values for PAPS and K(I) values for PAP, the product of sulfuryl transfer. The assay method should be useful for inhibitor screens for both enzymes. In addition, the general assay architecture should be readily applicable to high-throughput screens of other carbohydrate sulfotransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn E Verdugo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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20
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Kehoe JW, Maly DJ, Verdugo DE, Armstrong JI, Cook BN, Ouyang YB, Moore KL, Ellman JA, Bertozzi CR. Tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase inhibitors generated by combinatorial target-guided ligand assembly. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:329-32. [PMID: 11814789 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00744-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases (TPSTs) catalyze the sulfation of tyrosine residues within secreted and membrane-bound proteins. The modification modulates protein-protein interactions in the extracellular environment. Here we use combinatorial target-guided ligand assembly to discover the first known inhibitors of human TPST-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Kehoe
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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21
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Murphy PV, O'Brien JL, Smith AB. Stereospecific synthesis of beta-D-allopyranosides by dihydroxylation of beta-D-erythro-2,3-dideoxyhex-2-enopyranosides. Carbohydr Res 2001; 334:327-35. [PMID: 11527535 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(01)00181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 4,6-O-benzylidene-beta-D-erythro-2-3-dideoxyhex-2-enopyranosides and their osmium and ruthenium catalysed dihydroxylation reactions have been investigated. These reactions have been shown, for a range of monosaccharides and a disaccharide, to proceed stereospecifically to give beta-D-allopyranosides in moderate to excellent yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4, Dublin, Ireland.
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22
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Hemmerich S. Carbohydrate sulfotransferases: novel therapeutic targets for inflammation, viral infection and cancer. Drug Discov Today 2001; 6:27-35. [PMID: 11165170 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(00)01581-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Effective direct inhibition of adhesion receptors by small molecules has been hampered by extended receptor-ligand interfaces as well as the entropic penalties often associated with inhibition of cell adhesion. Therefore, alternative strategies have targeted enzymes that are centrally involved in the biosynthesis of recognition epitopes, which are crucial for productive adhesion. Two classes of enzymes shown to play a pivotal role in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions are the protein-tyrosine and carbohydrate sulfotransferases, which impart crucial sulfate moieties onto glycoproteins. The carbohydrate sulfotransferases will be discussed in terms of target validation and small-molecule inhibitor discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hemmerich
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Roche Bioscience 3401 Hillview Avenue, CA 94304, Palo Alto, USA
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Bhakta S, Bartes A, Bowman KG, Kao WM, Polsky I, Lee JK, Cook BN, Bruehl RE, Rosen SD, Bertozzi CR, Hemmerich S. Sulfation of N-acetylglucosamine by chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase 2 (GST-5). J Biol Chem 2000; 275:40226-34. [PMID: 10956661 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m006414200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on sequence homology with a previously cloned human GlcNAc 6-O-sulfotransferase, we have identified an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a novel member of the Gal/GalNAc/GlcNAc 6-O-sulfotransferase (GST) family termed GST-5 on the human X chromosome (band Xp11). GST-5 has recently been characterized as a novel GalNAc 6-O-sulfotransferase termed chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase-2 (Kitagawa, H., Fujita, M., Itio, N., and Sugahara K. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 21075-21080). We have coexpressed a human GST-5 cDNA with a GlyCAM-1/IgG fusion protein in COS-7 cells and observed four-fold enhanced [(35)S]sulfate incorporation into this mucin acceptor. All mucin-associated [(35)S]sulfate was incorporated as GlcNAc-6-sulfate or Galbeta1-->4GlcNAc-6-sulfate. GST-5 was also expressed in soluble epitope-tagged form and found to catalyze 6-O-sulfation of GlcNAc residues in synthetic acceptor structures. In particular, GST-5 was found to catalyze 6-O-sulfation of beta-benzyl GlcNAc but not alpha- or beta-benzyl GalNAc. In the mouse genome we have found a homologous ORF that predicts a novel murine GlcNAc 6-O-sulfotransferase with 88% identity to the human enzyme. This gene was mapped to mouse chromosome X at band XA3.1-3.2. GST-5 is the newest member of an emerging family of carbohydrate 6-O-sulfotransferases that includes chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase (GST-0), keratan-sulfate galactose 6-O-sulfotransferase (GST-1), the ubiquitously expressed GlcNAc 6-O-sulfotransferase (GST-2), high endothelial cell GlcNAc 6-O-sulfotransferase (GST-3), and intestinal GlcNAc 6-O-sulfotransferase (GST-4).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bhakta
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Roche Bioscience, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
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