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Laconsay CJ, Rho TC, Tantillo DJ. The Role of Through-Bond Stereoelectronic Effects in the Reactivity of 3-Azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3378-3388. [PMID: 35191711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hyperconjugation/conjugation through-bond stereoelectronic effects were studied with density functional theory in the context of 3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes to unravel puzzling differences in reactivity between a vinylogous chloride (4) and a vinylogous ester (5). These compounds─whose structures differ only by one substituent─were found to display strikingly different reactivities in hydrochloric acid by Risch and co-workers ( J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 9411-9412). Computational analyses of substituent effects, noncovalent interactions, natural bond orbitals, isodesmic reactions, and hydration propensities lead to a model for which the role of remote, through-bond stereoelectronic effects is the key to explaining 4 and 5's diverging reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Croix J Laconsay
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Tyler C Rho
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Alabugin IV, Kuhn L, Medvedev MG, Krivoshchapov NV, Vil' VA, Yaremenko IA, Mehaffy P, Yarie M, Terent'ev AO, Zolfigol MA. Stereoelectronic power of oxygen in control of chemical reactivity: the anomeric effect is not alone. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10253-10345. [PMID: 34263287 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00386k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although carbon is the central element of organic chemistry, oxygen is the central element of stereoelectronic control in organic chemistry. Generally, a molecule with a C-O bond has both a strong donor (a lone pair) and a strong acceptor (e.g., a σ*C-O orbital), a combination that provides opportunities to influence chemical transformations at both ends of the electron demand spectrum. Oxygen is a stereoelectronic chameleon that adapts to the varying situations in radical, cationic, anionic, and metal-mediated transformations. Arguably, the most historically important stereoelectronic effect is the anomeric effect (AE), i.e., the axial preference of acceptor groups at the anomeric position of sugars. Although AE is generally attributed to hyperconjugative interactions of σ-acceptors with a lone pair at oxygen (negative hyperconjugation), recent literature reports suggested alternative explanations. In this context, it is timely to evaluate the fundamental connections between the AE and a broad variety of O-functional groups. Such connections illustrate the general role of hyperconjugation with oxygen lone pairs in reactivity. Lessons from the AE can be used as the conceptual framework for organizing disjointed observations into a logical body of knowledge. In contrast, neglect of hyperconjugation can be deeply misleading as it removes the stereoelectronic cornerstone on which, as we show in this review, the chemistry of organic oxygen functionalities is largely based. As negative hyperconjugation releases the "underutilized" stereoelectronic power of unshared electrons (the lone pairs) for the stabilization of a developing positive charge, the role of orbital interactions increases when the electronic demand is high and molecules distort from their equilibrium geometries. From this perspective, hyperconjugative anomeric interactions play a unique role in guiding reaction design. In this manuscript, we discuss the reactivity of organic O-functionalities, outline variations in the possible hyperconjugative patterns, and showcase the vast implications of AE for the structure and reactivity. On our journey through a variety of O-containing organic functional groups, from textbook to exotic, we will illustrate how this knowledge can predict chemical reactivity and unlock new useful synthetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Leah Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Michael G Medvedev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.,A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova St., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolai V Krivoshchapov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 (3), Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vera A Vil'
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan A Yaremenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Patricia Mehaffy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Meysam Yarie
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 65167, Iran
| | - Alexander O Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mohammad Ali Zolfigol
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 65167, Iran
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Kim SB, Lee DW, Chang SK, Ok KM. Pb3[C6(CH3)3(CO2)3H6]2[DMF]3: first layered Pb-Kemp's triacid complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The first layered Pb-Kemp's triacid material, Pb3[C6(CH3)3(CO2)3H6]2[DMF]3, reveals reversible solvent coordination, intercalative addition, and higher selectivity of Cd2+ over Pb2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saet Byeol Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Chung-Ang University
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woo Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Chung-Ang University
- Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Kyu Chang
- Department of Chemistry
- Chung-Ang University
- Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Min Ok
- Department of Chemistry
- Chung-Ang University
- Republic of Korea
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Do LH, Lippard SJ. Evolution of strategies to prepare synthetic mimics of carboxylate-bridged diiron protein active sites. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:1774-85. [PMID: 22113107 PMCID: PMC3232320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive review of research conducted in our laboratory in pursuit of the long-term goal of reproducing the structures and reactivity of carboxylate-bridged diiron centers used in biology to activate dioxygen for the conversion of hydrocarbons to alcohols and related products. This article describes the evolution of strategies devised to achieve these goals and illustrates the challenges in getting there. Particular emphasis is placed on controlling the geometry and coordination environment of the diiron core, preventing formation of polynuclear iron clusters, maintaining the structural integrity of model complexes during reactions with dioxygen, and tuning the ligand framework to stabilize desired oxygenated diiron species. Studies of the various model systems have improved our understanding of the electronic and physical characteristics of carboxylate-bridged diiron units and their reactivity toward molecular oxygen and organic moieties. The principles and lessons that have emerged from these investigations will guide future efforts to develop more sophisticated diiron protein model complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loi H. Do
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139. U.S.A
| | - Stephen J. Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139. U.S.A
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Sather AC, Berryman OB, Rebek J. Selective Recognition and Extraction of the Uranyl Ion. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:13572-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1035607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C. Sather
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Orion B. Berryman
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Julius Rebek
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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Onoda A, Haruna H, Yamamoto H, Takahashi K, Kozuki H, Okamura TA, Ueyama N. Proton-Driven Conformational Switch of a Cyclohexyl Skeleton Coupled with NH···O Hydrogen-Bond Formation. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200400385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
A history of research projects undertaken in the group-ranging from mechanistic investigations to biomimetic chemistry to molecular devices and synthesis-is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Rebek
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Synthesis and Ionophoric Properties of Crown Ether Capped with a Convergent Hydroxamic Acid Function. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2002. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2002.23.1.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Stanish I, Monbouquette HG. Ternary complex formation dramatically enhances metal-sorbing vesicle selectivity. J Memb Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0376-7388(01)00621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hirose T, Wang ZH, Baldwin BW, Uchimaru T, Kasuga K. Synthesis and Evaluation of Superior Calcium and Mercury Transport by Simple Monocarboxylic Acids of Kemp’s Triacid. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1999. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.72.865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Watton SP, Fuhrmann P, Pence LE, Lippard SJ, Caneschi A, Cornia A, Abbati GL. Ein cyclischer Octadecaeisen(III)-Komplex: ein molekulares Achtzehner-Rad. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19971092430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Villanueva ND, Bocarsly JR, Ziller JW. A Trapped Intermediate in the Copper(II)-Mediated Template Synthesis of an Amino Acid-Containing Ligand. Inorg Chem 1997; 36:4585-4592. [PMID: 11670125 DOI: 10.1021/ic961409l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A transition metal ion-templating reaction that has been widely exploited for the synthesis of nitrogen macrocycles, sepulchrates, and linear tetradentate ligands is the template-directed Mannich condensation of carbon acid and aldehyde equivalents with amines. In the course of investigating the copper(II) template-directed synthesis of linear tetradentate amino acid-containing ligands for the design and synthesis of double-strand DNA cleavage agents, we have trapped and characterized an intermediate in the templating reaction. Condensation of bis(phenylalaninato)copper(II) with formaldehyde and nitroethane led to a nitro-substituent-bearing precursor complex that upon reduction is crystallographically characterized as ((2S)-5-amino-2-benzyl-6-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-azahexanoate)copper(II) (space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 9.0066(5) Å, b = 11.1040(6) Å, c = 16.009(2) Å, alpha = beta = gamma = 90.0 degrees, Z = 4, R(1) = 0.0265, wR(2) = 0.0612). NMR investigation of the precursor complex and the precursor and product ligands shows that the templated ligands each contain only a single phenylalanine unit, not the two phenylalanine units expected on the basis of similar synthetic procedures. The structure of the reduced product confirms this conclusion and provides structural characterization of a template intermediate trapped during ligand assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nydia D. Villanueva
- Departments of Chemistry, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, and University of California, Irvine, California 92697
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Baldwin BW, Hirose T, Wang ZH, Uchimaru T, Yliniemelä A. Modification of Kemp’s Triacid to Produce New Ligands Showing Efficient Alkaline Earth Metal Ion Transport with Structure Dependent Selectivity. CHEM LETT 1996. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1996.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hirose T, Baldwin BW, Uchimaru T, Tsuzuki S, Uebayashi M, Taira K. Kemp’s Acid Imides as Uphill Transport Carriers for Alkaline Earth Metal Ions. CHEM LETT 1995. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1995.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Falke JJ, Drake SK, Hazard AL, Peersen OB. Molecular tuning of ion binding to calcium signaling proteins. Q Rev Biophys 1994; 27:219-90. [PMID: 7899550 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583500003012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular calcium plays an essential role in the transduction of most hormonal, neuronal, visual, and muscle stimuli. (Recent reviews include Putney, 1993; Berridge, 1993a,b; Tsunoda, 1993; Gnegy, 1993; Bachset al.1992; Hanson & Schulman, 1992; Villereal & Byron, 1992; Premack & Gardner, 1992; Meanset al.1991).
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Falke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0215
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Dalas E. The overgrowth of calcium carbonate hexahydrate and calcium phosphate on new functionalized polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00729643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Structural studies of some derivatives of cis, cis-cyclohexane-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01156081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tadayoni B, Rebek J. Intramolecular nucleophilic displacement reactions at carboxy oxygen. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)81081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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