1
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Garner AL. Contemporary Progress and Opportunities in RNA-Targeted Drug Discovery. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:251-259. [PMID: 36923915 PMCID: PMC10009794 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The surprising discovery that RNAs are the predominant gene products to emerge from the human genome catalyzed a renaissance in RNA biology. It is now well-understood that RNAs act as more than just a messenger and comprise a large and diverse family of ribonucleic acids of differing sizes, structures, and functions. RNAs play expansive roles in the cell, contributing to the regulation and fine-tuning of nearly all aspects of gene expression and genome architecture. In line with the significance of these functions, we have witnessed an explosion in discoveries connecting RNAs with a variety of human diseases. Consequently, the targeting of RNAs, and more broadly RNA biology, has emerged as an untapped area of drug discovery, making the search for RNA-targeted therapeutics of great interest. In this Microperspective, I highlight contemporary learnings in the field and present my views on how to catapult us toward the systematic discovery of RNA-targeted medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Garner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 1600 Huron Parkway, NCRC B520, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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2
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Wester A, Björkling F, Franzyk H. Evaluation of 1 H-Triazole-1-[ N, N'-Bis( tert-butoxycarbonyl)]carboxamidine in Solution-Phase and On-Resin Guanidinylation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14371-14380. [PMID: 34661410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several guanidines and guanidinylated peptides have substantial potential as therapeutics, but efficient guanidinylation reagents are vital for easy access to these compounds. Presently, pyrazole-1-carboxamidine type reagents are commonly used in the transformations of amines into corresponding guanidines. Here, we report a comparative study of the utility of 1H-triazole-1-[N,N'-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)]carboxamidine, which was synthesized in two steps and readily upscaled to gram amounts. It exhibited excellent performance in solution-phase reactions, rapidly converting a set of representative aliphatic primary and unhindered secondary amines as well as aniline into the corresponding bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-protected guanidines. To enable a direct assessment of the reactivity of guanidinylation reagents, conversions were performed in deuterated solvents (d7-DMF or d8-THF), allowing for continuous analysis of the reaction mixtures by 1H and 13C NMR. Likewise, 1H-triazole-1-[N,N'-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)]carboxamidine proved to be a versatile reagent in solid-phase conversions, for example, a resin-bound test peptide (KFFKFFK) was fully guanidinylated in only 2 h by using 2 equivalents of the reagent per free amino group. Also, 1H-triazole-1-[N,N'-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)]carboxamidine proved capable of completely guanidinylating more sterically hindered N-terminal residues (e.g., N-methyl amino acids or a peptoid) in resin-bound peptides. Its superior reactivity and stability demonstrated under heating conditions make 1H-triazole-1-[N,N'-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)]carboxamidine a valuable guanidinylation reagent both in solution- and solid-phase synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Wester
- Center for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Björkling
- Center for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Center for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen East, Denmark
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3
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Koç M, Kabay N. Synthesis and molecular docking studies of Zn(II)phthalocyanines containing anthraquinone moieties as selective ligands for G-quadruplex structures. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621500814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
New zinc(II) phthalocyanines (p-ZnPc and np-ZnPc) containing peripheral and non-peripheral positioned four anthraquinone moieties were synthesized by cyclotetramerization of 4-((2-(2-((8-Chloro-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracen-1-yl) amino) ethoxy) ethyl) thio) phthalonitrile and 3-((2-(2-((8-Chloro-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracen-1-yl) amino) ethoxy) ethyl) thio) phthalonitrile. All compounds were characterized by using a combination of analytical and spectroscopic techniques such as 1H, [Formula: see text]C NMR, FT-IR, UV-vis and MS spectral data. Also, molecular docking studies were performed using different G-quadruplex and double stranded nucleic acid fragments as possible interaction sites to predict the binding ability of the newly synthesized compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Koç
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Nilgün Kabay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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4
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Palma E, Carvalho J, Cruz C, Paulo A. Metal-Based G-Quadruplex Binders for Cancer Theranostics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:605. [PMID: 34201682 PMCID: PMC8308583 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of fluorescent small molecules, such as metal complexes, to selectively recognize G-quadruplex (G4) structures has opened a route to develop new probes for the visualization of these DNA structures in cells. The main goal of this review is to update the most recent research efforts towards the development of novel cancer theranostic agents using this type of metal-based probes that specifically recognize G4 structures. This encompassed a comprehensive overview of the most significant progress in the field, namely based on complexes with Cu, Pt, and Ru that are among the most studied metals to obtain this class of molecules. It is also discussed the potential interest of obtaining G4-binders with medical radiometals (e.g., 99mTc, 111In, 64Cu, 195mPt) suitable for diagnostic and/or therapeutic applications within nuclear medicine modalities, in order to enable their theranostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Palma
- C2TN-Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal;
| | - Josué Carvalho
- CICS-UBI-Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Carla Cruz
- CICS-UBI-Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.C.); (C.C.)
| | - António Paulo
- C2TN-Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal;
- DECN-Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
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5
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Gratal PB, Quero JG, Pérez-Redondo A, Gándara Z, Gude L. PhenQE8, a Novel Ligand of the Human Telomeric Quadruplex. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E749. [PMID: 33451070 PMCID: PMC7828518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel quadruplex ligand based on 1,10-phenanthroline and incorporating two guanyl hydrazone functionalities, PhenQE8, is reported herein. Synthetic access was gained in a two-step procedure with an overall yield of 61%. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that PhenQE8 can adopt an extended conformation that may be optimal to favor recognition of quadruplex DNA. DNA interactions with polymorphic G-quadruplex telomeric structures were studied by different techniques, such as Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) DNA melting assays, circular dichroism and equilibrium dialysis. Our results reveal that the novel ligand PhenQE8 can efficiently recognize the hybrid quadruplex structures of the human telomeric DNA, with high binding affinity and quadruplex/duplex selectivity. Moreover, the compound shows significant cytotoxic activity against a selected panel of cultured tumor cells (PC-3, HeLa and MCF-7), whereas its cytotoxicity is considerably lower in healthy human cells (HFF-1 and RPWE-1).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zoila Gándara
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (P.B.G.); (J.G.Q.); (A.P.-R.)
| | - Lourdes Gude
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (P.B.G.); (J.G.Q.); (A.P.-R.)
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6
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Godeshala S, Miryala B, Dutta S, Christensen MD, Nandi P, Chiu PL, Rege K. A library of aminoglycoside-derived lipopolymer nanoparticles for delivery of small molecules and nucleic acids. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:8558-8572. [PMID: 32830211 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00924e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous delivery of small molecules and nucleic acids using a single vehicle can lead to novel combination treatments and multifunctional carriers for a variety of diseases. In this study, we report a novel library of aminoglycoside-derived lipopolymers nanoparticles (LPNs) for the simultaneous delivery of different molecular cargoes including nucleic acids and small-molecules. The LPN library was screened for transgene expression efficacy following delivery of plasmid DNA, and lead LPNs that showed high transgene expression efficacies were characterized using hydrodynamic size, zeta potential, 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. LPNs demonstrated significantly higher efficacies for transgene expression than 25 kDa polyethyleneamine (PEI) and lipofectamine, including in presence of serum. Self-assembly of these cationic lipopolymers into nanoparticles also facilitated the delivery of small molecule drugs (e.g. doxorubicin) to cancer cells. LPNs were also employed for the simultaneous delivery of the small-molecule histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor AR-42 together with plasmid DNA to cancer cells as a combination treatment approach for enhancing transgene expression. Taken together, our results indicate that aminoglycoside-derived LPNs are attractive vehicles for simultaneous delivery of imaging agents or chemotherapeutic drugs together with nucleic acids for different applications in medicine and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Godeshala
- Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, 501 E. Tyler Mall, ECG 303, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA.
| | - Bhavani Miryala
- Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, 501 E. Tyler Mall, ECG 303, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA.
| | - Subhadeep Dutta
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA
| | - Matthew D Christensen
- Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, 501 E. Tyler Mall, ECG 303, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA.
| | - Purbasha Nandi
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA
| | - Po-Lin Chiu
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA
| | - Kaushal Rege
- Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, 501 E. Tyler Mall, ECG 303, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA.
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7
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Bellucci MC, Volonterio A. Aminoglycosides: From Antibiotics to Building Blocks for the Synthesis and Development of Gene Delivery Vehicles. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E504. [PMID: 32796727 PMCID: PMC7459817 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycosides are a class of naturally occurring and semi synthetic antibiotics that have been used for a long time in fighting bacterial infections. Due to acquired antibiotic resistance and inherent toxicity, aminoglycosides have experienced a decrease in interest over time. However, in the last decade, we are seeing a renaissance of aminoglycosides thanks to a better understanding of their chemistry and mode of action, which had led to new trends of application. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to highlight one of these new fields of application: the use of aminoglycosides as building blocks for the development of liposomal and polymeric vectors for gene delivery. The design, synthetic strategies, ability to condensate the genetic material, the efficiency in transfection, and cytotoxicity as well as when available, the antibacterial activity of aminoglycoside-based cationic lipids and polymers are covered and critically analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Bellucci
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Volonterio
- Department of Chemistry, Material and Chemical Engineer “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
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8
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Aradi K, Di Giorgio A, Duca M. Aminoglycoside Conjugation for RNA Targeting: Antimicrobials and Beyond. Chemistry 2020; 26:12273-12309. [PMID: 32539167 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural aminoglycosides are therapeutically useful antibiotics and very efficient RNA ligands. They are oligosaccharides that contain several ammonium groups able to interfere with the translation process in prokaryotes upon binding to bacterial ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and thus, impairing protein synthesis. Even if aminoglycosides are commonly used in therapy, these RNA binders lack selectivity and are able to bind to a wide number of RNA sequences/structures. This is one of the reasons for their toxicity and limited applications in therapy. At the same time, the ability of aminoglycosides to bind to various RNAs renders them a great source of inspiration for the synthesis of new binders with improved affinity and specificity toward several therapeutically relevant RNA targets. Thus, a number of studies have been performed on these complex and highly functionalized compounds, leading to the development of various synthetic methodologies toward the synthesis of conjugated aminoglycosides. The aim of this review is to highlight recent progress in the field of aminoglycoside conjugation, paying particular attention to modifications performed toward the improvement of affinity and especially to the selectivity of the resulting compounds. This will help readers to understand how to introduce a desired chemical modification for future developments of RNA ligands as antibiotics, antiviral, and anticancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Aradi
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry of Nice (ICN), 06100, Nice, France
| | - Audrey Di Giorgio
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry of Nice (ICN), 06100, Nice, France
| | - Maria Duca
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry of Nice (ICN), 06100, Nice, France
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9
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Padroni G, Eubanks CS, Hargrove AE. Differentiation and classification of RNA motifs using small molecule-based pattern recognition. Methods Enzymol 2019; 623:101-130. [PMID: 31239043 PMCID: PMC6891821 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how to design small molecules that target coding and non-coding RNA has the potential to exponentially increase the number of therapeutically-relevant druggable targets, which are currently mostly proteins. However, there is limited information on the principles at the basis of RNA recognition. In this chapter, we describe a pattern-based technique that can be used for the simultaneous elucidation of RNA motifs and small molecule features for RNA selective recognition, termed Pattern Recognition of RNA by Small Molecules (PRRSM). We provide protocols for the computational design and synthetic preparation of an RNA training set as well as how to perform the assay in plate reader format. Furthermore, we provide details on how to perform and interpret the statistical analysis and indicate possible future extensions of the technique. By combining insights into characteristics of the small molecules and of the RNA that leads to differentiation, PRRSM promises to accelerate the elucidation of the determinants at the basis of RNA recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Padroni
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Amanda E Hargrove
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
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10
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Evaluation of neomycin analogues for HIV-1 RRE RNA recognition identifies enhanced activity simplified neamine analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:339-341. [PMID: 30477891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic neamine mimetics have been evaluated for binding to the HIV-1 Rev response element. Modified neamine derivatives, obtained from reductive amination of neamine, led to identification of new 6-amino modified neamine-type ligands with HIV-1 RRE binding affinity up to 20× that of neamine and up to 6× that of the more complex neomycin itself. This provides a noteworthy structure-activity increase and a useful lead to simplified, chemically accessible mimetics.
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11
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Abstract
Heteroduplex oligonucleotides (HDOs), composed of a DNA/LNA gapmer and its complementary RNA, are a novel, promising candidates for antisense drugs. We previously reported oligodiaminogalactoses (ODAGals), designed to bind to A-type nucleic acid duplexes such as DNA/RNA and RNA/RNA duplexes. In this paper, we report oligodiguanidinogalactoses (ODGGals) as novel A-type duplex binding molecules. We aimed to study in detail applicability of ODAGals and ODGGals for additives to HDOs as an antisense drug. The effect of ODAGal4 (ODAGal 4mer) and ODGGal3 (ODGGal 3mer) on an HDO were evaluated by UV melting analyses, RNA degradation study by ribonuclease A (RNase A), and ribonuclease H (RNase H). Cleavage of a 13mer HDO by RNase A, which is considered to be the main cause of RNA degradation in serum, was effectively inhibited by the addition of only one equivalent of ODAGal4 and ODGGal3. In contrast, RNase H activity, which involves the cleavage of target RNAs by an antisense mechanism, was only slightly affected by the presence of the cationic oligosaccharides. These results suggest that ODAGal4 and ODGGal3 are useful because they could both stabilize the HDO and maintain RNase H activity of the gapmer.
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12
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Meanwell NA. Drug-target interactions that involve the replacement or displacement of magnesium ions. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:5355-5372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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13
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Hadidi K, Wexselblatt E, Esko JD, Tor Y. Cellular uptake of modified aminoglycosides. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2017; 71:ja2017131. [PMID: 29089598 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2017.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The uptake of modified amino- and guanidino-glycosides derived from kanamycin, tobramycin and neomycin in native and mutant CHO cells is examined using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, illustrating the significance of multivalency for mammalian cell internalization of carriers that specifically interact with cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans.The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, 1 November 2017; doi:10.1038/ja.2017.131.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaivin Hadidi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ezequiel Wexselblatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yitzhak Tor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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14
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John T, Voo ZX, Kubeil C, Abel B, Graham B, Spiccia L, Martin LL. Effects of guanidino modified aminoglycosides on mammalian membranes studied using a quartz crystal microbalance. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1112-1120. [PMID: 30108822 PMCID: PMC6072410 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00054e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The increase in bacterial and viral resistance to current therapeutics has led to intensive research for new antibacterial and antiviral agents. Among these, aminoglycosides and their guanidino derivatives are potent candidates targeting specific RNA sequences. It is necessary that these substances can pass across mammalian membranes in order to reach their intracellular targets. This study investigated the effects of the aminoglycosides kanamycin A and neomycin B and their guanidino derivatives on mammalian mimetic membranes using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). Lipid bilayers as membrane models were deposited onto gold coated quartz crystals and aminoglycosides added afterwards. Notably, the guanidino derivatives exhibited an initial stiffening of the membrane layer indicating a quick insertion of the planar guanidino groups into the membrane. The guanidino derivatives also reached their maximum binding to the membrane at lower concentrations than the native compounds. Therefore, these modified aminoglycosides are promising agents for the development of new antimicrobial treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten John
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , Wellington Rd , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia .
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Modification, and Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , Leipzig University , Permoserstrasse 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Zhi Xiang Voo
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , Wellington Rd , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia .
| | - Clemens Kubeil
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , Wellington Rd , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia .
| | - Bernd Abel
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Modification, and Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , Leipzig University , Permoserstrasse 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Bim Graham
- Medicinal Chemistry , Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , 381 Royal Parade , Parkville , VIC 3052 , Australia
| | - Leone Spiccia
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , Wellington Rd , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia .
| | - Lisandra L Martin
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , Wellington Rd , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia .
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15
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Wang A, Zhou R, Zhou L, Sun K, Jiang J, Wei S. Positively charged phthalocyanine-arginine conjugates as efficient photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1643-1651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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16
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Eubanks CS, Forte JE, Kapral GJ, Hargrove AE. Small Molecule-Based Pattern Recognition To Classify RNA Structure. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:409-416. [PMID: 28004925 PMCID: PMC5465965 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional RNA structures are notoriously difficult to determine, and the link between secondary structure and RNA conformation is only beginning to be understood. These challenges have hindered the identification of guiding principles for small molecule:RNA recognition. We herein demonstrate that the strong and differential binding ability of aminoglycosides to RNA structures can be used to classify five canonical RNA secondary structure motifs through principal component analysis (PCA). In these analyses, the aminoglycosides act as receptors, while RNA structures labeled with a benzofuranyluridine fluorophore act as analytes. Complete (100%) predictive ability for this RNA training set was achieved by incorporating two exhaustively guanidinylated aminoglycosides into the receptor library. The PCA was then externally validated using biologically relevant RNA constructs. In bulge-stem-loop constructs of HIV-1 transactivation response element (TAR) RNA, we achieved nucleotide-specific classification of two independent secondary structure motifs. Furthermore, examination of cheminformatic parameters and PCA loading factors revealed trends in aminoglycoside:RNA recognition, including the importance of shape-based discrimination, and suggested the potential for size and sequence discrimination within RNA structural motifs. These studies present a new approach to classifying RNA structure and provide direct evidence that RNA topology, in addition to sequence, is critical for the molecular recognition of RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Eubanks
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jordan E Forte
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Gary J Kapral
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Amanda E Hargrove
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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17
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Hayashi M. Progress of Chiral Schiff Bases withC1Symmetry in Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Reactions. CHEM REC 2016; 16:2708-2735. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science; Kobe University; Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
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18
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Godeshala S, Nitiyanandan R, Thompson B, Goklany S, Nielsen DR, Rege K. Folate receptor-targeted aminoglycoside-derived polymers for transgene expression in cancer cells. Bioeng Transl Med 2016; 1:220-231. [PMID: 29313013 PMCID: PMC5675079 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics can potentially overcome the limitations associated with current chemotherapeutic regimens. Folate receptors are overexpressed in several cancers, including ovarian, triple-negative breast and bladder cancers, making them attractive for targeted delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics to these tumors. This work describes the synthesis, characterization and evaluation of folic acid-conjugated, aminoglycoside-derived polymers for targeted delivery of transgenes to breast and bladder cancer cell lines. Transgene expression was significantly higher with FA-conjugated aminoglycoside-derived polymers than with Lipofectamine, and these polymers demonstrated minimal cytotoxicty. Competitive inhibition using free folic acid significantly reduced transgene expression efficacy of folate-targeted polymers, suggesting a role for folate receptor-mediated uptake. High efficacy FA-targeted polymers were employed to deliver a plasmid expressing the TRAIL protein, which induced death in cancer cells. These results indicate that FA-conjugated aminoglycoside-derived polymers are promising for targeted delivery of nucleic acids to cancer cells that overexpress folate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian Thompson
- Chemical EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287
| | - Sheba Goklany
- Chemical EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287
| | | | - Kaushal Rege
- Chemical EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287
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19
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Cunningham R, Forero-Martinez NC, Hardacre C, Youngs TGA, Migaud ME. Solubility study of tobramycin in room temperature ionic liquids: an experimental and computational based study. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23078d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we present a computational and experimental study assessing the solubility of tobramycin1in a series of hydrophilic room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher Hardacre
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University Belfast
- Belfast BT9 5AG
- UK
- School of Chemical Engineering & Analytical Science
| | | | - Marie E. Migaud
- School of Pharmacy
- Queen's University Belfast
- Belfast BT9 7BL
- UK
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20
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Shaili E, Fernández-Giménez M, Rodríguez-Astor S, Gandioso A, Sandín L, García-Vélez C, Massaguer A, Clarkson GJ, Woods JA, Sadler PJ, Marchán V. A Photoactivatable Platinum(IV) Anticancer Complex Conjugated to the RNA Ligand Guanidinoneomycin. Chemistry 2015; 21:18474-86. [PMID: 26662220 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A photoactivatable platinum(IV) complex, trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N3 )2 (OH)(succ)(py)2 ] (succ=succinylate, py=pyridine), has been conjugated to guanidinoneomycin to study the effect of this guanidinum-rich compound on the photoactivation, intracellular accumulation and phototoxicity of the pro-drug. Surprisingly, trifluoroacetic acid treatment causes the replacement of an azido ligand and the axial hydroxide ligand by trifluoroacetate, as shown by NMR spectroscopy, MS and X-ray crystallography. Photoactivation of the platinum-guanidinoneomycin conjugate in the presence of 5'-guanosine monophosphate (5'-GMP) led to the formation of trans-[Pt(N3 )(py)2 (5'-GMP)](+) , as does the parent platinum(IV) complex. Binding of the platinum(II) photoproduct {PtN3 (py)2 }(+) to guanine nucleobases in a short single-stranded oligonucleotide was also observed. Finally, cellular uptake studies showed that guanidinoneomycin conjugation improved the intracellular accumulation of the platinum(IV) pro-drug in two cancer cell lines, particularly in SK-MEL-28 cells. Notably, the higher phototoxicity of the conjugate in SK-MEL-28 cells than in DU-145 cells suggests a degree of selectivity towards the malignant melanoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evyenia Shaili
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry (UK)
| | - Marta Fernández-Giménez
- Departament de Química Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Savina Rodríguez-Astor
- Departament de Química Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Albert Gandioso
- Departament de Química Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Lluís Sandín
- Departament de Química Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Carlos García-Vélez
- Departament de Química Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Anna Massaguer
- Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071, Girona (Spain)
| | - Guy J Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry (UK)
| | - Julie A Woods
- Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY (UK)
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry (UK).
| | - Vicente Marchán
- Departament de Química Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona (Spain).
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21
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Kudo S, Nagasaki Y. Facile and Quantitative Synthesis of a Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-Poly(l-arginine) Block Copolymer and Its Use for the Preparation of Polyion Complex Micelles with Polyanions for Biomedical Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinpei Kudo
- Institute of Materials Science; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; Tennoudai 1-1-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
| | - Yukio Nagasaki
- Institute of Materials Science; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; Tennoudai 1-1-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
- Master's School of Medical Sciences; Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences; University of Tsukuba; Tennoudai 1-1-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
- Satellite Laboratory; International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA); National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS); University of Tsukuba; Tennoudai 1-1-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
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22
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deRonde BM, Tew GN. Development of protein mimics for intracellular delivery. Biopolymers 2015; 104:265-80. [PMID: 25858701 PMCID: PMC4516575 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Designing delivery agents for therapeutics is an ongoing challenge. As treatments and desired cargoes become more complex, the need for improved delivery vehicles becomes critical. Excellent delivery vehicles must ensure the stability of the cargo, maintain the cargo's solubility, and promote efficient delivery and release. In order to address these issues, many research groups have looked to nature for design inspiration. Proteins, such as HIV-1 trans-activator of transcription (TAT) and Antennapedia homeodomain protein, are capable of crossing cellular membranes. However, due to the complexities of their structures, they are synthetically challenging to reproduce in the laboratory setting. Being able to incorporate the key features of these proteins that enable cell entry into simpler scaffolds opens up a wide range of opportunities for the development of new delivery reagents with improved performance. This review charts the development of protein mimics based on cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and how structure-activity relationships (SARs) with these molecules and their protein counterparts ultimately led to the use of polymeric scaffolds. These scaffolds deviate from the normal peptide backbone, allowing for simpler, synthetic procedures to make carriers and tune chemical compositions for application specific needs. Successful design of polymeric protein mimics would allow researchers to further understand the key features in proteins and peptides necessary for efficient delivery and to design the next generation of more efficient delivery reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M deRonde
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003
| | - Gregory N Tew
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003
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23
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Wynn JE, Santos WL. HIV-1 drug discovery: targeting folded RNA structures with branched peptides. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:5848-58. [PMID: 25958855 PMCID: PMC4511164 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00589b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is an RNA virus that is prone to high rates of mutation. While the disease is managed with current antiretroviral therapies, drugs with a new mode of action are needed. A strategy towards this goal is aimed at targeting the native three-dimensional fold of conserved RNA structures. This perspective highlights medium-sized peptides and peptidomimetics used to target two conserved RNA structures of HIV-1. In particular, branched peptides have the capacity to bind in a multivalent fashion, utilizing a large surface area to achieve the necessary affinity and selectivity toward the target RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Wynn
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
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24
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Artigas G, Marchán V. Synthesis and tau RNA binding evaluation of ametantrone-containing ligands. J Org Chem 2015; 80:2155-64. [PMID: 25602935 DOI: 10.1021/jo502661j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and characterization of ametantrone-containing RNA ligands based on the derivatization of this intercalator with two neamine moieties (Amt-Nea,Nea) or with one azaquinolone heterocycle and one neamine (Amt-Nea,Azq) as well as its combination with guanidinoneamine (Amt-NeaG4). Biophysical studies revealed that guanidinylation of the parent ligand (Amt-Nea) had a positive effect on the binding of the resulting compound for Tau pre-mRNA target as well as on the stabilization upon complexation of some of the mutated RNA sequences associated with the development of tauopathies. Further studies by NMR revealed the existence of a preferred binding site in the stem-loop structure, in which ametantrone intercalates in the characteristic bulged region. Regarding doubly-functionalized ligands, binding affinity and stabilizing ability of Amt-Nea,Nea were similar to those of the guanidinylated ligand, but the two aminoglycoside fragments seem to interfere with its accommodation in a single binding site. However, Amt-Nea,Azq binds at the bulged region in a similar way than Amt-NeaG4. Overall, these results provide new insights on fine-tuning RNA binding properties of ametantrone by single or double derivatization with other RNA recognition motifs, which could help in the future design of new ligands with improved selectivity for disease-causing RNA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Artigas
- Departament de Química Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Abstract
Guanidinium-rich scaffolds facilitate cellular translocation and delivery of bioactive cargos through biological barriers. Although impressive uptake has been demonstrated for nonoligomeric and nonpept(o)idic guanidinylated scaffolds in cell cultures and animal models, the fundamental understanding of these processes is lacking. Charge pairing and hydrogen bonding with cell surface counterparts have been proposed, but their exact role remains putative. The impact of the number and spatial relationships of the guanidinium groups on delivery and organelle/organ localization is yet to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Wexselblatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Cellular and Molecular
Medicine, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jeffrey
D. Esko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Cellular and Molecular
Medicine, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yitzhak Tor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Cellular and Molecular
Medicine, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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26
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Ghilardi A, Pezzoli D, Bellucci MC, Malloggi C, Negri A, Sganappa A, Tedeschi G, Candiani G, Volonterio A. Synthesis of Multifunctional PAMAM–Aminoglycoside Conjugates with Enhanced Transfection Efficiency. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1928-36. [DOI: 10.1021/bc4003635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ghilardi
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Pezzoli
- Politecnico
di Milano Research Unit, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology - INSTM, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Bellucci
- Department
of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Malloggi
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Armando Negri
- Department
of Veterinary Science and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Aurora Sganappa
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- Department
of Veterinary Science and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Candiani
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
- Politecnico
di Milano Research Unit, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology - INSTM, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Volonterio
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
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27
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Artigas G, Marchán V. Synthesis of Janus compounds for the recognition of G-U mismatched nucleobase pairs. J Org Chem 2013; 78:10666-77. [PMID: 24087986 DOI: 10.1021/jo401684j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of two Janus-type heterocycles with the capacity to simultaneously recognize guanine and uracyl in G-U mismatched pairs through complementary hydrogen bond pairing is described. Both compounds were conveniently functionalized with a carboxylic function and efficiently attached to a tripeptide sequence by using solid-phase methodologies. Ligands based on the derivatization of such Janus compounds with a small aminoglycoside, neamine, and its guanidinylated analogue have been synthesized, and their interaction with Tau RNA has been investigated by using several biophysical techniques, including UV-monitored melting curves, fluorescence titration experiments, and (1)H NMR. The overall results indicated that Janus-neamine/guanidinoneamine showed some preference for the +3 mutated RNA sequence associated with the development of some tauopathies, although preliminary NMR studies have not confirmed binding to G-U pairs. Moreover, a good correlation has been found between the RNA binding affinity of such Janus-containing ligands and their ability to stabilize this secondary structure upon complexation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Artigas
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Grau-Campistany A, Massaguer A, Carrion-Salip D, Barragán F, Artigas G, López-Senín P, Moreno V, Marchán V. Conjugation of a Ru(II) Arene Complex to Neomycin or to Guanidinoneomycin Leads to Compounds with Differential Cytotoxicities and Accumulation between Cancer and Normal Cells. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:1964-76. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300723b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Grau-Campistany
- Departament de Química
Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain
| | - Anna Massaguer
- Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Girona, E-17071, Spain
| | | | - Flavia Barragán
- Departament de Química
Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain
| | - Gerard Artigas
- Departament de Química
Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain
| | - Paula López-Senín
- Departament de Química
Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain
| | - Virtudes Moreno
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain
| | - Vicente Marchán
- Departament de Química
Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain
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29
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Vummidi BR, Alzeer J, Luedtke NW. Fluorescent Probes for G-Quadruplex Structures. Chembiochem 2013; 14:540-58. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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30
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Wender PA, Cooley CB, Geihe EI. Beyond Cell Penetrating Peptides: Designed Molecular Transporters. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2012; 9:e1-e70. [PMID: 22712022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Inspired originally by peptides that traverse biological barriers, research on molecular transporters has since identified the key structural requirements that govern cellular entry, leading to new, significantly more effective and more readily available agents. These new drug delivery systems enable or enhance cellular and tissue uptake, can be targeted, and provide numerous additional advantages of significance in imaging, diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Wender
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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31
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Balakrishnan S, Scheuermann MJ, Zondlo NJ. Arginine mimetics using α-guanidino acids: introduction of functional groups and stereochemistry adjacent to recognition guanidiniums in peptides. Chembiochem 2012; 13:259-70. [PMID: 22213184 PMCID: PMC3712784 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Arginine residues are broadly employed for specific biomolecular recognition, including in protein-protein, protein-DNA, and protein-RNA interactions. Arginine recognition commonly exploits the potential for bidentate electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions. However, in arginine residues, the guanidinium functional group is located at the terminus of a flexible hydrocarbon side chain, which lacks the functionality to contribute to specific arginine-mediated recognition and may entropically disfavor binding. In order to enhance the potential for specificity and affinity in arginine-mediated molecular recognition, we have developed an approach to the synthesis of peptides that incorporates an α-guanidino acid as a novel arginine mimetic. α-Guanidino acids, derived from α-amino acids, with guanidinylation of the amino group, were incorporated stereospecifically into peptides on solid phase via coupling of an Fmoc amino acid to diaminopropionic acid (Dap), Fmoc deprotection, guanidinylation of the amine on solid phase, and deprotection, generating a peptide containing an α-functionalized arginine mimetic. This approach was examined by incorporating arginine mimetics into ligands for the Src, Grb, and Crk SH3 domains at the site of the key recognition arginine. Protein binding was examined for peptides containing guanidino acids derived from Gly, L-Val, L-Phe, L-Trp, D-Val, D-Phe, and D-Trp. We demonstrate that paralogue specificity and target site affinity may be modulated with the use of α-guanidino acid-derived arginine mimetics, generating peptides that exhibit enhanced Src specificity by selection against Grb and peptides that reverse the specificity of the native peptide ligand, with enhancements in Src target specificity of up to 15-fold (1.6 kcal mol(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware Newark, Delaware 19716 (USA)
| | - Michael J. Scheuermann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware Newark, Delaware 19716 (USA)
| | - Neal J. Zondlo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware Newark, Delaware 19716 (USA)
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32
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López-Senín P, Artigas G, Marchán V. Exploring the effect of aminoglycoside guanidinylation on ligands for Tau exon 10 splicing regulatory element RNA. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:9243-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26623g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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33
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Lee MM, French JM, Disney MD. Influencing uptake and localization of aminoglycoside-functionalized peptoids. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 7:2441-51. [PMID: 21611644 DOI: 10.1039/c1mb05074e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of small-molecule therapeutics that target RNA remains a promising field but one hampered with considerable challenges that include programming high affinity, specificity, cell permeability, and favorable pharmacokinetic profiles. Previously, we employed the use of peptoids to modularly display RNA-binding modules to enhance binding affinity and specificity by altering valency and the distance between ligand modules. Herein, factors that affect uptake, localization, and toxicity of peptoids that display a kanamycin derivative into a variety of mammalian cells lines are reported. A series of peptoids that display various spacing modules was synthesized to determine if the spacing module affects permeability and localization. The spacing module does affect cellular permeability into C2C12, A549, HeLa, and MCF7 cell lines but not into Jurkat cells. Moreover, the modularly assembled peptoids carrying the kanamycin cargo localize in the cytoplasm and perinuclear region of C2C12 and A549 cells and throughout HeLa cells, including the nucleus. These studies could contribute to the development of general strategies to afford cell permeable, modularly assembled small molecules that specifically target RNAs present in a variety of cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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34
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Dix AV, Fischer L, Sarrazin S, Redgate CPH, Esko JD, Tor Y. Cooperative, heparan sulfate-dependent cellular uptake of dimeric guanidinoglycosides. Chembiochem 2011; 11:2302-10. [PMID: 20931643 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oligoarginine and guanidinium-rich molecular transporters have been shown to facilitate the intracellular delivery of a diverse range of biologically relevant cargos. Several such transporters have been suggested to interact with cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans as part of their cell-entry pathway. Unlike for other guanidinium-rich transporters, the cellular uptake of guanidinoglycosides at nanomolar concentrations is exclusively heparan sulfate dependent. As distinct cells differ in their expression levels and/or the composition of cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans, one might be able to exploit such differences to selectively target certain cell types. To systematically investigate the nature of their cell-surface interactions, monomeric and dimeric guanidinoglycosides were synthesized by using neomycin, paromomycin, and tobramycin as scaffolds. These transporters differ in the number and 3D arrangement of their guanidinium groups. Their cellular uptake was measured by flow cytometry in wild-type and mutant Chinese hamster ovary cells after the corresponding fluorescent streptavidin-phycoerythrin-Cy5 conjugates had been generated. All derivatives showed negligible uptake in mutant cells lacking heparan sulfate. Decreasing the number of guanidinium groups diminished uptake, but the three dimensional arrangement of these groups was less important for cellular delivery. Whereas conjugates prepared with the monomeric carriers showed significantly reduced uptake in mutant cells expressing heparan sulfate chains with altered patterns of sulfation, conjugates prepared with the dimeric guanidinoglycosides could overcome this deficiency and maintain high levels of uptake in such deficient cells. This finding suggests that cellular uptake depends on the valency of the transporter and both the content and arrangement of the sulfate groups on the cell-surface receptors. Competition studies with chemically desulfated or carboxy-reduced heparin derivatives corroborated these observations. Taken together, these findings show that increasing the valency of the transporters retains heparan sulfate specificity and provides reagents that could distinguish different cell types based on the specific composition of their cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V Dix
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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35
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Vacas T, Corzana F, Jiménez-Osés G, González C, Gómez AM, Bastida A, Revuelta J, Asensio JL. Role of Aromatic Rings in the Molecular Recognition of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics: Implications for Drug Design. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:12074-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1046439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Vacas
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, UA-CSIC, Logroño, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Física. Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain, and Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, UA-CSIC, Logroño, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Física. Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain, and Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, UA-CSIC, Logroño, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Física. Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain, and Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos González
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, UA-CSIC, Logroño, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Física. Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain, and Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. Gómez
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, UA-CSIC, Logroño, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Física. Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain, and Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Agatha Bastida
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, UA-CSIC, Logroño, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Física. Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain, and Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Revuelta
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, UA-CSIC, Logroño, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Física. Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain, and Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Asensio
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, UA-CSIC, Logroño, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Física. Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain, and Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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36
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Guanidinylated neomycin mediates heparan sulfate-dependent transport of active enzymes to lysosomes. Mol Ther 2010; 18:1268-74. [PMID: 20442709 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2010.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanidinylated neomycin (GNeo) can transport bioactive, high molecular weight cargo into the interior of cells in a process that depends on cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans. In this report, we show that GNeo-modified quantum dots bind to cell surface heparan sulfate, undergo endocytosis and eventually reach the lysosomal compartment. An N-hydroxysuccinimide activated ester of GNeo (GNeo-NHS) was prepared and conjugated to two lysosomal enzymes, beta-D-glucuronidase (GUS) and alpha-L-iduronidase. Conjugation did not interfere with enzyme activity and enabled binding of the enzymes to heparin-Sepharose and heparan sulfate on primary human fibroblasts. Cells lacking the corresponding lysosomal enzyme took up sufficient amounts of the conjugated enzymes to restore normal turnover of glycosaminoglycans. The high capacity of proteoglycan-mediated uptake suggests that this method of delivery might be used for enzyme replacement or introduction of foreign enzymes into cells.
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37
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Alzeer J, Vummidi B, Roth P, Luedtke N. Guanidinium-modifizierte Phthalocyanine als Fluoreszenzsonden mit hoher G-Quadruplex-Affinität und als Transkriptionsregulatoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200903685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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38
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Alzeer J, Vummidi B, Roth P, Luedtke N. Guanidinium-Modified Phthalocyanines as High-Affinity G-Quadruplex Fluorescent Probes and Transcriptional Regulators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:9362-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200903685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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39
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Wang D, Iera J, Baker H, Hogan P, Ptak R, Yang L, Hartman T, Buckheit RW, Desjardins A, Yang A, Legault P, Yedavalli V, Jeang KT, Appella DH. Multivalent binding oligomers inhibit HIV Tat-TAR interaction critical for viral replication. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6893-7. [PMID: 19896372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We describe the development of a new type of scaffold to target RNA structures. Multivalent binding oligomers (MBOs) are molecules in which multiple sidechains extend from a polyamine backbone such that favorable RNA binding occurs. We have used this strategy to develop MBO-based inhibitors to prevent the association of a protein-RNA complex, Tat-TAR, that is essential for HIV replication. In vitro binding assays combined with model cell-based assays demonstrate that the optimal MBOs inhibit Tat-TAR binding at low micromolar concentrations. Antiviral studies are also consistent with the in vitro and cell-based assays. MBOs provide a framework for the development of future RNA-targeting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyun Wang
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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40
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Paul DJ, Seedhouse SJ, Disney MD. Two-dimensional combinatorial screening and the RNA Privileged Space Predictor program efficiently identify aminoglycoside-RNA hairpin loop interactions. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 37:5894-907. [PMID: 19726586 PMCID: PMC2761267 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the identification of RNA hairpin loops that bind derivatives of kanamycin A, tobramycin, neamine, and neomycin B via two-dimensional combinatorial screening, a method that screens chemical and RNA spaces simultaneously. An arrayed aminoglycoside library was probed for binding to a 6-nucleotide RNA hairpin loop library (4096 members). Members of the loop library that bound each aminoglycoside were excised from the array, amplified and sequenced. Sequences were analyzed with our newly developed RNA Privileged Space Predictor (RNA-PSP) program, which analyzes selected sequences to identify statistically significant trends. RNA-PSP identified the following unique trends: 5'UNNNC3' loops for the kanamycin A derivative (where N is any nucleotide); 5'UNNC3' loops for the tobramycin derivative; 5'UNC3' loops for the neamine derivative; and 5'UNNG3' loops for the neomycin B derivative. The affinities and selectivities of a subset of the ligand-hairpin loop interactions were determined. The selected interactions have K(d) values ranging from 10 nM to 605 nM. Selectivities ranged from 0.4 to >200-fold. Interestingly, the results from RNA-PSP are able to qualitatively predict specificity based on overlap between the RNA sequences selected for the ligands. These studies expand the information available on small molecule-RNA motif interactions, which could be useful to design ligands targeting RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin J Paul
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 657 Natural Sciences Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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41
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Tan Q, Hayashi M. Asymmetric desymmetrization of 4,5-epoxycyclohex-1-ene by enantioselective allylic oxidation. Org Lett 2009; 11:3314-7. [PMID: 19580258 DOI: 10.1021/ol901284v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric desymmetrization of allylic oxidation of 4,5-epoxycyclohex-1-ene (1) took place in the presence of 2.5 mol % of Cu(CH(3)CN)(4)PF(6) and 3 mol % of chiral N,N-bidentate ligand (S)-2 to afford (3S,4S,5S)-3-benzoyloxy-4,5-epoxycyclohex-1-ene (3) in 84% ee, which was increased up to >99% ee after recrystallization of 3-4'-nitrobenzoyloxy derivative 6. Optically pure 6 proved to be a key intermediate for enantioselective synthesis of O-protected 2-deoxystreptamine (2-DOS) precursor 12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitao Tan
- Department of Frontier Research and Technology, Headquarters for Innovative Cooperation and Development, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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42
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Alzeer J, Roth PJC, Luedtke NW. An efficient two-step synthesis of metal-free phthalocyanines using a Zn(ii) template. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:1970-1. [PMID: 19333460 DOI: 10.1039/b822985f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new family of cationic phthalocyanines containing four guanidinium groups was synthesized in pyridine-HCl at 120 degrees C; under these conditions zinc was removed from both the starting materials and products to reveal a new synthetic route to metal-free phthalocyanines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Alzeer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
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43
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Lapidot A, Berchanski A, Borkow G. Insight into the mechanisms of aminoglycoside derivatives interaction with HIV-1 entry steps and viral gene transcription. FEBS J 2008; 275:5236-57. [PMID: 18803669 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06657.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, based on peptide models of HIV-1 RNA binding, NMR structures of Tat-responsive element-ligand complexes and aminoglycoside-RNA interactions, and HIV-1 Tat structure, we have designed and synthesized aminoglycoside-arginine conjugates (AACs) and aminoglycoside poly-arginine conjugates (APACs), to serve as Tat mimetics. These novel molecules inhibit HIV-1 infectivity with 50% effective concentration values in the low micromolar range, the most potent compounds being the hexa-arginine-neomycin B and nona-D-arginine-neomycin conjugates. Importantly, these compounds, in addition to acting as Tat antagonists, inhibit HIV-1 infectivity by blocking several steps in HIV-1 cell entry. The AACs and APACs inhibit HIV-1 cell entry by interacting with gp120 at the CD4-binding site, by interacting with CXCR4 at the binding site of the CXCR4 mAb 12G5, and apparently by interacting with transient structures of the ectodomain of gp41. In the current review, we discuss the mechanisms of anti-HIV-1 activities of these AACs, APACs and other aminoglycoside derivatives in detail. Targeting several key processes in the viral life cycle by the same compound not only may increase its antiviral efficacy, but more importantly, may reduce the capacity of the virus to develop resistance to the compound. AACs and APACs may thus serve as leading compounds for the development of multitargeting novel HIV-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva Lapidot
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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44
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Liu YH, Cao LH. An expedient one-step synthesis of polysubstituted guanidinoglucosides using HgO–4 Å molecular sieves as catalyst. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:2376-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61822, USA
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46
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Wender PA, Galliher WC, Goun EA, Jones LR, Pillow TH. The design of guanidinium-rich transporters and their internalization mechanisms. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:452-72. [PMID: 18164781 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a drug or probe to cross a biological barrier has historically been viewed to be a function of its intrinsic physical properties. This view has largely restricted drug design and selection to agents within a narrow log P range. Molecular transporters offer a strategy to circumvent these restrictions. In the case of guanidinium-rich transporters (GRTs), a typically highly water-soluble conjugate is found to readily pass through the non-polar membrane of a cell and for some across tissue barriers. This activity opens a field of opportunities for the use of GRTs to enable delivery of polar and non-polar drugs or probes as well as to enhance uptake of those of intermediate polarity. The field of transporter enabled or enhanced uptake has grown dramatically in the last decade. Some GRT drug conjugates have been advanced into clinical trials. This review will provide an overview of recent work pertinent to the design and mechanism of uptake of GRTs.
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47
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Samantaray S, Marathe U, Dasgupta S, Nandicoori VK, Roy RP. Peptide−Sugar Ligation Catalyzed by Transpeptidase Sortase: A Facile Approach to Neoglycoconjugate Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:2132-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja077358g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Kawamoto SA, Sudhahar CG, Hatfield CL, Sun J, Behrman EJ, Gopalan V. Studies on the mechanism of inhibition of bacterial ribonuclease P by aminoglycoside derivatives. Nucleic Acids Res 2008; 36:697-704. [PMID: 18084035 PMCID: PMC2241863 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is a Mg2+-dependent endoribonuclease responsible for the 5'-maturation of transfer RNAs. It is a ribonucleoprotein complex containing an essential RNA and a varying number of protein subunits depending on the source: at least one, four and nine in Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya, respectively. Since bacterial RNase P is required for viability and differs in structure/subunit composition from its eukaryal counterpart, it is a potential antibacterial target. To elucidate the basis for our previous finding that the hexa-arginine derivative of neomycin B is 500-fold more potent than neomycin B in inhibiting bacterial RNase P, we synthesized hexa-guanidinium and -lysyl conjugates of neomycin B and compared their inhibitory potential. Our studies indicate that side-chain length, flexibility and composition cumulatively account for the inhibitory potency of the aminoglycoside-arginine conjugates (AACs). We also demonstrate that AACs interfere with RNase P function by displacing Mg2+ ions. Moreover, our finding that an AAC can discriminate between a bacterial and archaeal (an experimental surrogate for eukaryal) RNase P holoenzyme lends promise to the design of aminoglycoside conjugates as selective inhibitors of bacterial RNase P, especially once the structural differences in RNase P from the three domains of life have been established.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Venkat Gopalan
- Department of Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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49
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Staple DW, Venditti V, Niccolai N, Elson-Schwab L, Tor Y, Butcher SE. Guanidinoneomycin B recognition of an HIV-1 RNA helix. Chembiochem 2008; 9:93-102. [PMID: 18058789 PMCID: PMC2782590 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Aminoglycoside antibiotics are small-molecule drugs that bind RNA. The affinity and specificity of aminoglycoside binding to RNA can be increased through chemical modification, such as guanidinylation. Here, we report the binding of guanidinoneomycin B (GNB) to an RNA helix from the HIV-1 frameshift site. The binding of GNB increases the melting temperature (T(m)) of the frameshift-site RNA by at least 10 degrees C, to a point at which a melting transition is not even observed in 2 M urea. A structure of the complex was obtained by using multidimensional heteronuclear NMR spectroscopic methods. We also used a novel paramagnetic-probe assay to identify the site of GNB binding to the surface of the RNA. GNB makes major-groove contacts to two sets of Watson-Crick bases and is in van der Waals contact with a highly structured ACAA tetraloop. Rings I and II of GNB fit into the major groove and form the binding interface with the RNA, whereas rings III and IV are exposed to the solvent and disordered. The binding of GNB causes a broadening of the major groove across the binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Staple
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706 (USA)
| | - Vincenzo Venditti
- Biomolecular Structure Research Center and Dipartimento di Biologia Molecolare, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena (Italy)
| | - Neri Niccolai
- Biomolecular Structure Research Center and Dipartimento di Biologia Molecolare, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena (Italy)
| | - Lev Elson-Schwab
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA)
| | - Yitzhak Tor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA)
| | - Samuel E. Butcher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706 (USA)
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50
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Balakrishnan S, Zhao C, Zondlo NJ. Convergent and Stereospecific Synthesis of Molecules Containing α-Functionalized Guanidiniums via α-Guanidino Acids. J Org Chem 2007; 72:9834-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo701766c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Neal J. Zondlo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
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