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Fittolani G, Tyrikos-Ergas T, Poveda A, Yu Y, Yadav N, Seeberger PH, Jiménez-Barbero J, Delbianco M. Synthesis of a glycan hairpin. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1461-1469. [PMID: 37400598 PMCID: PMC10533408 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The primary sequence of a biopolymer encodes the essential information for folding, permitting to carry out sophisticated functions. Inspired by natural biopolymers, peptide and nucleic acid sequences have been designed to adopt particular three-dimensional (3D) shapes and programmed to exert specific functions. In contrast, synthetic glycans capable of autonomously folding into defined 3D conformations have so far not been explored owing to their structural complexity and lack of design rules. Here we generate a glycan that adopts a stable secondary structure not present in nature, a glycan hairpin, by combining natural glycan motifs, stabilized by a non-conventional hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions. Automated glycan assembly enabled rapid access to synthetic analogues, including site-specific 13C-labelled ones, for nuclear magnetic resonance conformational analysis. Long-range inter-residue nuclear Overhauser effects unequivocally confirmed the folded conformation of the synthetic glycan hairpin. The capacity to control the 3D shape across the pool of available monosaccharides has the potential to afford more foldamer scaffolds with programmable properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Fittolani
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Theodore Tyrikos-Ergas
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ana Poveda
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Nishu Yadav
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
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2
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To J, Zhang X, Tam JP. Design of Potent and Salt-Insensitive Antimicrobial Branched Peptides. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3594. [PMID: 37688220 PMCID: PMC10489980 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrimeric and branched peptides are polypeptides formed by diverse types of scaffolds to give them different forms. Previously, we reported a cascade-type, Lys-scaffolded antimicrobial peptide dendrimer D4R tethered with four RLYR tetrapeptides. Antimicrobial D4R is broad-spectrum, salt insensitive, and as potent as the natural-occurring tachyplesins, displaying minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) < 1 μM. However, the relationships between scaffolds and antimicrobial potency remain undefined. Here, we report the design of four novel types of peptide antimicrobials whose scaffolded backbones are lysine (Lys), iso-Lys, ornithine (Orn), or iso-Orn tethered with RLYR on their α- or sidechain-amines to give ε-, δ-, and their α-branched peptides. When assayed against ten microorganisms, the Lys-scaffolded α- and ε-branched peptides are broadly active, salt insensitive, and as potent as D4R and tachyplesins, whereas the corresponding Orn-scaffolded α- and δ-branched peptides are salt sensitive and much less potent, displaying MICs ranging from 1 to >500 μM. Structure-activity relationship studies suggested that Lys-scaffolds, but not Orn-scaffolds, can support a reverse turn to organize RLYR tetrapeptides as parallel β-strands to form an amphipathic structure with Leu-Tyr as a hydrophobic core. Together, these results provide a structural approach for designing potent and salt-insensitive dendrimeric or branched peptide antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James P. Tam
- Synzymes and Natural Products Center (SYNC), School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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3
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Lawler JT, Harrilal CP, DeBlase AF, Sibert EL, McLuckey SA, Zwier TS. Single-conformation spectroscopy of cold, protonated DPG-containing peptides: switching β-turn types and formation of a sequential type II/II' double β-turn. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2095-2109. [PMID: 35019911 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04852j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
D-Proline (DPro, DP) is widely utilized to form β-hairpin loops in engineered peptides that would otherwise be unstructured, most often as part of a DPG sub-unit that forms a β-turn. To observe whether DPG facilitated this effect in short protonated peptides, conformation specific IR-UV double resonance photofragment spectra of the cold (∼10 K) protonated DP and LP diastereomers of the pentapeptide YAPGA was carried out in the hydride stretch (2800-3700 cm-1) and amide I/II (1400-1800 cm-1) regions. A model localized Hamiltonian was developed to better describe the 1600-1800 cm-1 region commonly associated with the amide I vibrations. The CO stretch fundamentals experience extensive mixing with the N-H bending fundamentals of the NH3+ group in these protonated peptides. The model Hamiltonian accounts for experiment in quantitative detail. In the DP diastereomer, all the population is funneled into a single conformer which presented as a type II β-turn with A and DP in the i + 1 and i + 2 positions, respectively. This structure was not the anticipated type II' β-turn across DPG that we had hypothesized based on solution-phase propensities. Analysis of the conformational energy landscape shows that both steric and charge-induced effects play a role in the preferred formation of the type II β-turn. In contrast, the LP isomer forms three conformations with very different structures, none of which were type II/II' β-turns, confirming that LPG is not a β-turn former. Finally, single-conformation spectroscopy was also carried out on the extended peptide [YAADPGAAA + H]+ to determine whether moving the protonated N-terminus further from DPG would lead to β-hairpin formation. Despite funneling its entire population into a single peptide backbone structure, the assigned structure is not a β-hairpin, but a concatenated type II/type II' double β-turn that displaces the peptide backbone laterally by about 7.5 Å, but leaves the backbone oriented in its original direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Lawler
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA.
| | | | - Andrew F DeBlase
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA.
| | - Edwin L Sibert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Scott A McLuckey
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA.
| | - Timothy S Zwier
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA. .,Gas Phase Chemical Physics, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
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4
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Reddy SS, Pal S, Ghosh S, Prabhakaran EN. Hydrogen Bond Surrogate-Constrained Dynamic Antiparallel β-Sheets. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2111-2115. [PMID: 33751754 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Antiparallel β-sheets are important secondary structures within proteins that equilibrate with random-coil states; however, little is known about the exact dynamics of this process. Here, the first dynamic β-sheet models that mimic this equilibrium have been designed by using an H-bond surrogate that introduces constraint and torque into a tertiary amide bond. 2D NMR data sufficiently reveal the structure, kinetics, and thermodynamics of the folding process, thereby leading the way to similar analysis in isolated biologically relevant β-sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravanthi S Reddy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institution of Science, 560 012, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunit Pal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institution of Science, 560 012, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudip Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institution of Science, 560 012, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Erode N Prabhakaran
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institution of Science, 560 012, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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5
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Ricardo MG, Moya CG, Pérez CS, Porzel A, Wessjohann LA, Rivera DG. Improved Stability and Tunable Functionalization of Parallel β-Sheets via Multicomponent N-Alkylation of the Turn Moiety. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:259-263. [PMID: 31797518 PMCID: PMC6973259 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the myriad of methods available to produce α-helices and antiparallel β-sheets in synthetic peptides, just a few are known for the construction of stable, non-cyclic parallel β-sheets. Herein, we report an efficient on-resin approach for the assembly of parallel β-sheet peptides in which the N-alkylated turn moiety enhances the stability and gives access to a variety of functionalizations without modifying the parallel strands. The key synthetic step of this strategy is the multicomponent construction of an N-alkylated turn using the Ugi reaction on varied isocyano-resins. This four-component process assembles the orthogonally protected turn fragment and incorporates handles serving for labeling/conjugation purposes or for reducing peptide aggregation. NMR and circular dichroism analyses confirm the better-structured and more stable parallel β-sheets in the N-alkylated peptides compared to the non-functionalized variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel G. Ricardo
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryLeibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryWeinberg 306120Halle/SaaleGermany
- Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Havana10400HavanaCuba
| | - Celia G. Moya
- Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Havana10400HavanaCuba
| | | | - Andrea Porzel
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryLeibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryWeinberg 306120Halle/SaaleGermany
| | - Ludger A. Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryLeibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryWeinberg 306120Halle/SaaleGermany
| | - Daniel G. Rivera
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryLeibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryWeinberg 306120Halle/SaaleGermany
- Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Havana10400HavanaCuba
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6
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Ricardo MG, Moya CG, Pérez CS, Porzel A, Wessjohann LA, Rivera DG. Improved Stability and Tunable Functionalization of Parallel β‐Sheets via Multicomponent N‐Alkylation of the Turn Moiety. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel G. Ricardo
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry Weinberg 3 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Havana 10400 Havana Cuba
| | - Celia G. Moya
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Havana 10400 Havana Cuba
| | | | - Andrea Porzel
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry Weinberg 3 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Ludger A. Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry Weinberg 3 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Daniel G. Rivera
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry Weinberg 3 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Havana 10400 Havana Cuba
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7
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Reddy DN, Singh S, Ho CMW, Patel J, Schlesinger P, Rodgers S, Doctor A, Marshall GR. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of stable β 6.3-Helices: Discovery of non-hemolytic antibacterial peptides. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 149:193-210. [PMID: 29501941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gramicidin A, a topical antibiotic made from alternating L and D amino acids, is characterized by its wide central pore; upon insertion into membranes, it forms channels that disrupts ion gradients. We present helical peptidomimetics with this characteristic wide central pore that have been designed to mimic gramicidin A channels. Mimetics were designed using molecular modeling focused on oligomers of heterochiral dipeptides of proline analogs, in particular azaproline (AzPro). Molecular Dynamics simulations in water confirmed the stability of the designed helices. A sixteen-residue Formyl-(AzPro-Pro)8-NHCH2CH2OH helix was synthesized as well as a full thirty-two residue Cbz-(AzPro-Pro)16-OtBu channels. No liposomal lysis activity was observed suggesting lack of channel formation, possibly due to inappropriate hydrogen-bonding interactions in the membrane. These peptidomimetics also did not hemolyze red blood cells, unlike gramicidin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damodara N Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Sukrit Singh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chris M W Ho
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Janki Patel
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Paul Schlesinger
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stephen Rodgers
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Allan Doctor
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Garland R Marshall
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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8
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Thomas NC, Bartlett GJ, Woolfson DN, Gellman SH. Toward a Soluble Model System for the Amyloid State. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16434-16437. [PMID: 29116774 PMCID: PMC5939379 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The formation and deposition of amyloids is associated with many diseases. β-Sheet secondary structure is a common feature of amyloids, but the packing of sheets against one another is distinctive relative to soluble proteins. Standard methods that rely on perturbing a polypeptide's sequence and evaluating impact on folding can be problematic for amyloid aggregates because a single sequence can adopt multiple conformations and diverse packing arrangements. We describe initial steps toward a minimum-sized, soluble model system for the amyloid state that supports comparisons among sequence variants. Critical to this goal is development of a new linking strategy to enable intersheet association mediated by side chain interactions, which is characteristic of the amyloid state. The linker design we identified should ultimately support exploration of relationships between sequence and amyloid state stability for specific strand-association modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Gail J. Bartlett
- School of Chemistry, Cantock’s Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK; School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1 TD, UK; BrisSynBio, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Derek N. Woolfson
- School of Chemistry, Cantock’s Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK; School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1 TD, UK; BrisSynBio, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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9
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Kung VM, Cornilescu G, Gellman SH. Impact of Strand Number on Parallel β-Sheet Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Kung VM, Cornilescu G, Gellman SH. Impact of Strand Number on Parallel β-Sheet Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14336-9. [PMID: 26457984 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We have examined whether parallel β-sheet secondary structure becomes more stable as the number of β-strands increases, via comparisons among peptides designed to adopt two- or three-stranded parallel β-sheet conformations in aqueous solution. Our three-strand design is the first experimental model of a triple-stranded parallel β-sheet. Analysis of the designed peptides by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy supports the hypothesis that increasing the number of β-strands, from two to three, increases the stability of the parallel β-sheet. We present the first experimental evidence for cooperativity in the folding of a triple-stranded parallel β-sheet, and we show how minimal model systems may enable experimental documentation of characteristic properties, such as CD spectra, of parallel β-sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M Kung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706 (USA)
| | - Gabriel Cornilescu
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Dr., Madison, WI 53706 (USA)
| | - Samuel H Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706 (USA).
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11
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Fu L, Wang Z, Psciuk BT, Xiao D, Batista VS, Yan EC. Characterization of Parallel β-Sheets at Interfaces by Chiral Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:1310-5. [PMID: 26263128 PMCID: PMC6022735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of protein secondary structures at interfaces is still challenging due to the limitations of surface-selective optical techniques. Here, we address the challenge of characterizing parallel β-sheets by combining chiral sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy and computational modeling. We focus on human islet amyloid polypeptide aggregates and a de novo designed short polypeptide at lipid/water and air/glass interfaces. We find that parallel β-sheets adopt distinct orientations at various interfaces and exhibit characteristic chiroptical responses in the amide I and N-H stretch regions. Theoretical analysis indicates that the characteristic chiroptical responses provide valuable information on the symmetry, orientation, and vibrational couplings of parallel β-sheet at interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- Corresponding Authors: Tel: (203) 436-2509. Fax: (203) 432-6144. , Tel: (509) 371-6755.
| | | | | | | | | | - Elsa C.Y. Yan
- Corresponding Authors: Tel: (203) 436-2509. Fax: (203) 432-6144. , Tel: (509) 371-6755.
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12
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Mangold S, O’Leary DJ, Grubbs RH. Z-Selective olefin metathesis on peptides: investigation of side-chain influence, preorganization, and guidelines in substrate selection. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:12469-78. [PMID: 25102124 PMCID: PMC4156862 DOI: 10.1021/ja507166g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Olefin metathesis has emerged as a promising strategy for modulating the stability and activity of biologically relevant compounds; however, the ability to control olefin geometry in the product remains a challenge. Recent advances in the design of cyclometalated ruthenium catalysts has led to new strategies for achieving such control with high fidelity and Z selectivity, but the scope and limitations of these catalysts on substrates bearing multiple functionalities, including peptides, remained unexplored. Herein, we report an assessment of various factors that contribute to both productive and nonproductive Z-selective metathesis on peptides. The influence of sterics, side-chain identity, and preorganization through peptide secondary structure are explored by homodimerization, cross metathesis, and ring-closing metathesis. Our results indicate that the amino acid side chain and identity of the olefin profoundly influence the activity of cyclometalated ruthenium catalysts in Z-selective metathesis. The criteria set forth for achieving high conversion and Z selectivity are highlighted by cross metathesis and ring-closing metathesis on diverse peptide substrates. The principles outlined in this report are important not only for expanding the scope of Z-selective olefin metathesis to peptides but also for applying stereoselective olefin metathesis in general synthetic endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane
L. Mangold
- Arnold
and Mabel Beckman Laboratories for Chemical Synthesis, Division of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Daniel J. O’Leary
- Department
of Chemistry, Pomona College, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Arnold
and Mabel Beckman Laboratories for Chemical Synthesis, Division of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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13
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Rabong C, Schuster C, Liptaj T, Prónayová N, Delchev VB, Jordis U, Phopase J. NXO beta structure mimicry: an ultrashort turn/hairpin mimic that folds in water. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01210k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An NXO building block derived tetrapeptide mimic emulates a natural proline-glycine β-turn/hairpin in polar media, including water at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Rabong
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Vienna University of Technology
- A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Schuster
- Department of Environmental Geosciences
- University of Vienna
- A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tibor Liptaj
- Department of NMR and Mass Spectrometry
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology
- Slovak University of Technology
- 81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Nadežda Prónayová
- Department of NMR and Mass Spectrometry
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology
- Slovak University of Technology
- 81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Vassil B. Delchev
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Plovdiv
- 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ulrich Jordis
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Vienna University of Technology
- A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jaywant Phopase
- Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre (IGEN) & Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
- 58183 Linköping, Sweden
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14
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Yin H. Constrained peptides as miniature protein structures. ISRN BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:692190. [PMID: 25969758 PMCID: PMC4392992 DOI: 10.5402/2012/692190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper discusses the recent developments of protein engineering using both covalent and noncovalent bonds to constrain peptides, forcing them into designed protein secondary structures. These constrained peptides subsequently can be used as peptidomimetics for biological functions such as regulations of protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, 596 University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, USA
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15
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Almeida AM, Li R, Gellman SH. Parallel β-sheet secondary structure is stabilized and terminated by interstrand disulfide cross-linking. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:75-8. [PMID: 22148521 PMCID: PMC3266109 DOI: 10.1021/ja208856c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Disulfide bonds between Cys residues in adjacent strands of parallel β-sheets are rare among proteins, which suggests that parallel β-sheet structure is not stabilized by such disulfide cross-links. We report experimental results that show, surprisingly, that an interstrand disulfide bond can stabilize parallel β-sheets formed by an autonomously folding peptide in aqueous solution. NMR analysis reveals that parallel β-sheet structure is terminated beyond the disulfide bond, which causes deviation from the extended backbone conformation at one of the Cys residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Almeida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wi, 53706 (USA)
| | - Rebecca Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wi, 53706 (USA)
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wi, 53706 (USA)
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16
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Freire F, Almeida AM, Fisk JD, Steinkruger JD, Gellman SH. Impact of strand length on the stability of parallel-β-sheet secondary structure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:8735-8. [PMID: 21812082 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201102986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Freire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Av., Madison, WI 53726, USA
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17
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Freire F, Almeida AM, Fisk JD, Steinkruger JD, Gellman SH. Impact of Strand Length on the Stability of Parallel-β-Sheet Secondary Structure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201102986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Kim JM, Joshi BP, Lee KH. Design and Synthesis of Metallopeptide Sensors: Tuning Selectivity with Ligand Variation. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.9.2537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Freire F, Gellman SH. Macrocyclic design strategies for small, stable parallel beta-sheet scaffolds. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:7970-2. [PMID: 19456161 DOI: 10.1021/ja902210f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pairs of short peptide strands can be induced to adopt an antiparallel beta-sheet secondary structure in aqueous solution via a macrocyclic constraint, as illustrated by many natural and designed peptides. We show that an analogous strategy is successful for creation of small units of parallel beta-sheet secondary structure in aqueous solution. Cyclization in this case requires nonpeptide segments for N-to-N and C-to-C interstrand linkage. Surprisingly, we find that only one of these segments needs to be preorganized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Freire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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20
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Khakshoor O, Nowick JS. Artificial beta-sheets: chemical models of beta-sheets. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2008; 12:722-9. [PMID: 18775794 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Chemical models provide tools with which to simplify and study complicated biological systems. Forces and chemical processes that govern the structure, function, and interactions of a biomacromolecule can be explored with a simple, easy-to-study synthetic molecule. Chemical models of beta-sheet structures have helped to elucidate the factors influencing protein structures and functions. Chemical models that mimic beta-sheet quaternary structure and interactions are emerging as valuable tools with which to better understand and control protein recognition and protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Khakshoor
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA
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21
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Chatterjee B, Saha I, Raghothama S, Aravinda S, Rai R, Shamala N, Balaram P. Designed peptides with homochiral and heterochiral diproline templates as conformational constraints. Chemistry 2008; 14:6192-204. [PMID: 18491347 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200702029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Diproline segments have been advanced as templates for nucleation of folded structure in designed peptides. The conformational space available to homochiral and heterochiral diproline segments has been probed by crystallographic and NMR studies on model peptides containing L-Pro-L-Pro and D-Pro-L-Pro units. Four distinct classes of model peptides have been investigated: a) isolated D-Pro-L-Pro segments which form type II' beta-turn; b) D-Pro-L-Pro-L-Xxx sequences which form type II'-I (betaII'-I, consecutive beta-turns) turns; c) D-Pro-L-Pro-D-Xxx sequences; d) L-Pro-L-Pro-L-Xxx sequences. A total of 17 peptide crystal structures containing diproline segments are reported. Peptides of the type Piv-D-Pro-L-Pro-L-Xxx-NHMe are conformationally homogeneous, adopting consecutive beta-turn conformations. Peptides in the series Piv-D-Pro-L-Pro-D-Xxx-NHMe and Piv-L-Pro-L-Pro-L-Xxx-NHMe, display a heterogeneity of structures in crystals. A type VIa beta-turn conformation is characterized in Piv-L-Pro-L-Pro-L-Phe-OMe (18), while an example of a 5-->1 hydrogen bonded alpha-turn is observed in crystals of Piv-D-Pro-L-Pro-D-Ala-NHMe (11). An analysis of pyrrolidine conformations suggests a preferred proline puckering geometry is favored only in the case of heterochiral diproline segments. Solution NMR studies, reveal a strong conformational influence of the C-terminal Xxx residues on the structures of diproline segments. In L-Pro-L-Pro-L-Xxx sequences, the Xxx residues strongly determine the population of Pro-Pro cis conformers, with an overwhelming population of the trans form in L-Xxx=L-Ala (19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Chatterjee
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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22
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Joshi BP, Lee KH. Synthesis of highly selective fluorescent peptide probes for metal ions: tuning selective metal monitoring with secondary structure. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:8501-9. [PMID: 18723358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Revised: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Metal selective fluorescent peptide probes (dansyl-Cys-X-Gly-His-X-Gly-Glu-NH2, X = Pro or Gly) were developed by synthesizing peptides containing His, Cys, and Glu residues with Pro-Gly sequence to stabilize a turn structure and Gly-Gly sequence to adopt a random coil. The probe containing two Gly-Gly sequences exhibited marked selectivity only for Cu2+ over 13 metal ions including competitive transition and Group I and II metal ions under physiological buffer condition. In contrast, the probe containing double Pro-Gly sequences showed high selectivity for Zn2+. The peptide probe containing one Pro-Gly sequence exhibited selectivity for Zn2+ and Cu2+. CD spectra indicated that the secondary structure of the probes played an important role in the selective metal monitoring and a pre-organized secondary structure is not required for the selective detection of Cu2+ ion, but is required for the detection of Zn2+. We investigated and characterized the binding affinity, binding stoichiometry, reversibility, and pH sensitivity of the peptide probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Prasad Joshi
- Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253 Younghyun-Dong, Nam-Gu, Inchon-City 402-751, Republic of Korea
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23
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Laungani AC, Slattery JM, Krossing I, Breit B. Supramolecular bidentate ligands by metal-directed in situ formation of antiparallel beta-sheet structures and application in asymmetric catalysis. Chemistry 2008; 14:4488-502. [PMID: 18449870 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The principles of protein structure design, molecular recognition, and supramolecular and combinatorial chemistry have been applied to develop a convergent metal-ion-assisted self-assembly approach that is a very simple and effective method for the de novo design and the construction of topologically predetermined antiparallel beta-sheet structures and self-assembled catalysts. A new concept of in situ generation of bidentate P-ligands for transition-metal catalysis, in which two complementary, monodentate, peptide-based ligands are brought together by employing peptide secondary structure motif as constructing tool to direct the self-assembly process, is achieved through formation of stable beta-sheet motifs and subsequent control of selectivity. The supramolecular structures were studied by (1)H, (31)P, and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, ESI mass spectrometry, X-ray structure analysis, and theoretical calculations. Our initial catalysis results confirm the close relationship between the self-assembled sheet conformations and the catalytic activity of these metallopeptides in the asymmetric rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation. Good catalyst activity and moderate enantioselectivity were observed for the selected combination of catalyst and substrate, but most importantly the concept of this new methodology was successfully proven. This work presents a perspective interface between protein design and supramolecular catalysis for the design of beta-sheet mimetics and screening of libraries of self-organizing supramolecular catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy C Laungani
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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24
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Baldauf C, Pisabarro MT. Stable Hairpins with β-Peptides: Route to Tackle Protein−Protein Interactions. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:7581-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jp076838r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Baldauf
- Structural Bioinformatics, Biotechnologiezentrum der TU Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - M. Teresa Pisabarro
- Structural Bioinformatics, Biotechnologiezentrum der TU Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
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25
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Freire F, Fisk JD, Peoples AJ, Ivancic M, Guzei IA, Gellman SH. Diacid linkers that promote parallel beta-sheet secondary structure in water. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:7839-41. [PMID: 18507461 DOI: 10.1021/ja802042c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the development of diacid units that promote formation of a two-stranded parallel beta-sheet secondary structure between peptide segments attached via their N-termini. These linker units are formed by attaching glycine to one carboxyl group of cis-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (CHDA). Parallel sheet formation in water is observed when l-residue strands are attached to the CHDA-Gly unit with either of the two absolute configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Freire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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26
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Levin S, Nowick JS. An artificial beta-sheet that dimerizes through parallel beta-sheet interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:13043-8. [PMID: 17918935 DOI: 10.1021/ja073391r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This Article introduces a simple chemical model of a beta-sheet (artificial beta-sheet) that dimerizes by parallel beta-sheet formation in chloroform solution. The artificial beta-sheet consists of two N-terminally linked peptide strands that are linked with succinic or fumaric acid and blocked along one edge with a hydrogen-bonding template composed of 5-aminoanisic acid hydrazide. The template is connected to one of the peptide strands by a turn unit composed of (S)-2-aminoadipic acid (Aaa). 1H NMR spectroscopic studies show that these artificial beta-sheets fold in CDCl3 solution to form well-defined beta-sheet structures that dimerize through parallel beta-sheet interactions. Most notably, all of these compounds show a rich network of NOEs associated with folding and dimerization. The compounds also exhibit chemical shifts and coupling constants consistent with the formation of folded dimeric beta-sheet structures. The aminoadipic acid unit shows patterns of NOEs and coupling constants consistent with a well-defined turn conformation. The present system represents a significant step toward modeling the type of parallel beta-sheet interactions that occur in protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy Levin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
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27
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Fisk JD, Schmitt MA, Gellman SH. Thermodynamic analysis of autonomous parallel beta-sheet formation in water. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:7148-9. [PMID: 16734453 PMCID: PMC2723805 DOI: 10.1021/ja060942p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the first thermodynamic analysis of parallel beta-sheet formation in a model system that folds in aqueous solution. NMR chemical shifts were used to determine beta-sheet population, and van't Hoff anaysis provided thermodynamic parameters. Our approach relies upon the d-prolyl-1,1-dimethyl-1,2-diaminoethane unit to promote parallel beta-sheet formation between attached peptide strands. The development of a macrocyclic reference molecule to provide chemical shift data for the fully folded state was crucial to the quantitative anaylsis.
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28
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Dutt A, Drew MGB, Pramanik A. beta-Sheet mediated self-assembly of dipeptides of omega-amino acids and remarkable fibrillation in the solid state. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:2250-4. [PMID: 16010358 DOI: 10.1039/b504112k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies show that the extended structure of dipeptide Boc-beta-Ala-m-ABA-OMe (m-ABA: meta-aminobenzoic acid) self-assembles in the solid state by intermolecular hydrogen bonding to create an infinite parallel beta-sheet structure. In dipeptide Boc-gamma-Abu-m-ABA-OMe (gamma-Abu: gamma-aminobutyric acid), two such parallel beta-sheets are further cross-linked by intermolecular hydrogen bonding through m-aminobenzoic acid moieties. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) studies reveal that both the peptides and form amyloid-like fibrils in the solid state. The fibrils are also found to be stained readily by Congo red, a characteristic feature of the amyloid fiber whose accumulation causes several fatal diseases such as Alzheimer's, prion-protein etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Dutt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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29
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Prasad KK, Purohit CS, Jain A, Sankararamakrishnan R, Verma S. Enforcing solution phase nanoscopic aggregation in a palindromic tripeptide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:2564-6. [PMID: 15900327 DOI: 10.1039/b500654f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
C-terminal dimerization of a tripeptide palindrome afforded fibrillation in solution through an assembly probably driven by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic contributions; such an approach provides an expeditious entry into fabrication of fibrillating peptides from non-fibrillating peptide sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Krishna Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Kanpur-208016 (UP), India
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30
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Chakraborty TK, Srinivasu P, Rao RV, Kumar SK, Kunwar AC. Conformational studies of peptides containing cis-3-hydroxy-D-proline. J Org Chem 2004; 69:7399-402. [PMID: 15471504 DOI: 10.1021/jo048893r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Conformational analysis of peptides containing cis-3-hydroxy-d-proline (d-cis-3-Hyp) by NMR studies revealed that the 3-hydroxyl group in this amino acid plays a significant role in the overall three-dimensional structures of the peptides. When the d-cis-3-Hyp had its 3-hydroxyl group protected as the benzyl (Bn) ether, the peptide displayed a beta-hairpin structure in both CDCl(3) and DMSO-d(6). Even after the removal of the Bn group, the resulting deprotected compound retained the same structure as in the protected version in CDCl(3). However, in polar solvent DMSO-d(6), the C-terminal strand of the hydroxyl-deprotected peptide flipped to the side of the hydroxyl group, breaking the hairpin to form a pseudo beta-turn-like nine-membered ring structure involving an intramolecular hydrogen bond between LeuNH --> HypC3-OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Chakraborty
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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31
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Hackenberger CPR, Schiffers I, Runsink J, Bolm C. General synthesis of unsymmetrical norbornane scaffolds as inducers for hydrogen bond interactions in peptides. J Org Chem 2004; 69:739-43. [PMID: 14750799 DOI: 10.1021/jo030295+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Starting from readily accessible endo-cis-(2S,3R)-norbornene dicarboxylic acid benzyl monoester, a general and efficient synthetic approach toward unsymmetrical two-stranded peptidic structures was developed. In these structures the peptide strands are oriented in a parallel geometry. Their synthesis is easily applicable to a variety of amino acids and peptides. Specifically, a norbornane template as molecular scaffold induces hydrogen bonding between the adjacent peptide strands. The specific hydrogen bonding patterns between these strands were revealed by detailed NMR analysis including TOCSY/NOE experiments.
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32
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Santiveri CM, Rico M, Jiménez MA, Pastor MT, Pérez-Payá E. Insights into the determinants of beta-sheet stability: 1H and 13C NMR conformational investigation of three-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet-forming peptides. THE JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEPTIDE SOCIETY 2003; 61:177-88. [PMID: 12605603 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3011.2003.00045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study we designed a 20-residue peptide able to adopt a significant population of a three-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet in aqueous solution (de Alba et al. [1999]Protein Sci.8, 854-865). In order to better understand the factors contributing to beta-sheet folding and stability we designed and prepared nine variants of the parent peptide by substituting residues at selected positions in its strands. The ability of these peptides to form the target motif was assessed on the basis of NMR parameters, in particular NOE data and 13Calpha conformational shifts. The populations of the target beta-sheet motif were lower in the variants than in the parent peptide. Comparative analysis of the conformational behavior of the peptides showed that, as expected, strand residues with low intrinsic beta-sheet propensities greatly disfavor beta-sheet folding and that, as already found in other beta-sheet models, specific cross-strand side chain-side chain interactions contribute to beta-sheet stability. More interestingly, the performed analysis indicated that the destabilization effect of the unfavorable strand residues depends on their location at inner or edge strands, being larger at the latter. Moreover, in all the cases examined, favorable cross-strand side chain-side chain interactions were not strong enough to counterbalance the disfavoring effect of a poor beta-sheet-forming residue, such as Gly.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Santiveri
- Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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33
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Luppi G, Lanci D, Trigari V, Garavelli M, Garelli A, Tomasini C. Development and conformational analysis of a pseudoproline-containing turn mimic. J Org Chem 2003; 68:1982-93. [PMID: 12608820 DOI: 10.1021/jo026233l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The liquid-phase synthesis and the conformational analysis of a small library of fully protected tetramers containing L-pyroglutamic acid (L-pGlu), (4S,5R)-4-methyl-5-carboxybenzyloxazolidin-2-one (L-Oxd), or (4R,5S)-4-methyl-5-carboxybenzyloxazolidin-2-one (D-Oxd) as residue i + 1 are reported to test the tendency of these oligomers to assume a -hairpin conformation. The most promising molecule is Boc-L-Val-D-Oxd-Gly-L-Ala-OBn, which assumes a preferential -turn conformation in CDCl3, as shown by IR and 1H NMR analysis. These findings have been confirmed by DFT calculations, which provide an interpretation for the available experimental data and agree with the reported observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Luppi
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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34
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Espinosa JF, Syud FA, Gellman SH. Analysis of the factors that stabilize a designed two-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet. Protein Sci 2002; 11:1492-505. [PMID: 12021448 PMCID: PMC2373626 DOI: 10.1110/ps.4140102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2001] [Revised: 03/11/2002] [Accepted: 03/13/2002] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Autonomously folding beta-hairpins (two-strand antiparallel beta-sheets) have become increasingly valuable tools for probing the forces that control peptide and protein conformational preferences. We examine the effects of variations in sequence and solvent on the stability of a previously designed 12-residue peptide (1). This peptide adopts a beta-hairpin conformation containing a two-residue loop (D-Pro-Gly) and a four-residue interstrand sidechain cluster that is observed in the natural protein GB1. We show that the conformational propensity of the loop segment plays an important role in beta-hairpin stability by comparing 1 with (D)P--> N mutant 2. In addition, we show that the sidechain cluster contributes both to conformational stability and to folding cooperativity by comparing 1 with mutant 3, in which two of the four cluster residues have been changed to serine. Thermodynamic analysis suggests that the high loop-forming propensity of the (D)PG segment decreases the entropic cost of beta-hairpin formation relative to the more flexible NG segment, but that the conformational rigidity of (D)PG may prevent optimal contacts between the sidechains of the GB1-derived cluster. The enthalpic favorability of folding in these designed beta-hairpins suggests that they are excellent scaffolds for studying the fundamental mechanisms by which amino acid sidechains interact with one another in folded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Espinosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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35
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Kundu SK, Mazumdar PA, Das AK, Bertolasi V, Pramanik A. Parallel β-sheet assemblage in a model dipeptide: an X-ray diffraction study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b203164g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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37
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Abstract
Folding, an attribute common to biological macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, enables the formation of complex three-dimensional structure and thus enables the function of these exquisite molecular machines. Chemists are exploring the folding of natural and artificial systems with increasing enthusiasm and boldness of molecular design. The most recent achievements in the area of artificial folding molecules are described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Cubberley
- Department of Chemistry, Alma College, Alma, MI 48801, USA.
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38
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Woll MG, Lai JR, Guzei IA, Taylor SJ, Smith ME, Gellman SH. Parallel sheet secondary structure in gamma-peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:11077-8. [PMID: 11686719 DOI: 10.1021/ja011719p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M G Woll
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate Program in Biophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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39
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Maji SK, Halder D, Velmurugan D, Rajakannan V, Banerjee A. A unique example of a pseudo-peptide containing noncoded amino acids self-assembling into a supramolecular β-sheet-like structure in crystals. Int J Pept Res Ther 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02443606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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