1
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Shivatare SS, Shivatare VS, Wong CH. Glycoconjugates: Synthesis, Functional Studies, and Therapeutic Developments. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15603-15671. [PMID: 36174107 PMCID: PMC9674437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates are major constituents of mammalian cells that are formed via covalent conjugation of carbohydrates to other biomolecules like proteins and lipids and often expressed on the cell surfaces. Among the three major classes of glycoconjugates, proteoglycans and glycoproteins contain glycans linked to the protein backbone via amino acid residues such as Asn for N-linked glycans and Ser/Thr for O-linked glycans. In glycolipids, glycans are linked to a lipid component such as glycerol, polyisoprenyl pyrophosphate, fatty acid ester, or sphingolipid. Recently, glycoconjugates have become better structurally defined and biosynthetically understood, especially those associated with human diseases, and are accessible to new drug, diagnostic, and therapeutic developments. This review describes the status and new advances in the biological study and therapeutic applications of natural and synthetic glycoconjugates, including proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The scope, limitations, and novel methodologies in the synthesis and clinical development of glycoconjugates including vaccines, glyco-remodeled antibodies, glycan-based adjuvants, glycan-specific receptor-mediated drug delivery platforms, etc., and their future prospectus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Vidya S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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2
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Amjad AM. DENDRIMERS IN ANTICANCER TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY: ACCOMPLISHMENTS, CHALLENGES AND DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE. PHARMACY & PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.19163/2307-9266-2021-9-1-4-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are nanoparticles with unique features including globular 3D shape and nanometer size. The availability of numerous terminal functional groups and modifiable surface engineering permit modification of dendrimer surface with several therapeutic agents, diagnostic moieties and targeting substances.The aim. To enlighten the readers regarding design, development, limitations, challenges and future directions regarding anticancer bio-dendrimers.Materials and methods. The data base was represented by such systems as Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed. gov, Google-Academy. A search was carried out for the following keywords and combinations: Polypropylene imine (PPI); Poly-L-lysine (PLL); polyamidoamine (PAMAM); cancer; drug delivery; dendrimers.Results. High encapsulation of drug and effective passive targeting are also among their therapeutic uses. Herein, we have described latest developments in chemotherapeutic delivery of drugs by dendrimers. For the most part, the potential and efficacy of dendrimers are anticipated to have considerable progressive effect on drug targeting and delivery.Conclusion. The newest discoveries have shown that the dendritic nanocarriers have many unique features that endorse more research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Amjad
- Northern Border University
Rafha, Saudi Arabia, 76322
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3
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Cao J, Tamura M, Hosaka R, Nakayama A, Hasegawa JY, Nakagawa Y, Tomishige K. Mechanistic Study on Deoxydehydration and Hydrogenation of Methyl Glycosides to Dideoxy Sugars over a ReO x–Pd/CeO 2 Catalyst. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Masazumi Tamura
- Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Ryu Hosaka
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Akira Nakayama
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jun-ya Hasegawa
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Nakagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Keiichi Tomishige
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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4
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Jakas A, Višnjevac A, Jerić I. Multicomponent Approach to Homo- and Hetero-Multivalent Glycomimetics Bearing Rare Monosaccharides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3766-3787. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Jakas
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Višnjevac
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivanka Jerić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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5
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Design and synthesis of trivalent Tn glycoconjugate polymers by nitroxide-mediated polymerization. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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6
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Singh Y, Wang T, Demchenko AV. Direct Glycosidation of 2‐Azido‐2‐deoxyglycosyl Nitrates. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yashapal Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Missouri – St. Louis One University Boulevard 63121 St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - Tinghua Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Missouri – St. Louis One University Boulevard 63121 St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Missouri – St. Louis One University Boulevard 63121 St. Louis Missouri USA
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7
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Wei MM, Wang YS, Ye XS. Carbohydrate-based vaccines for oncotherapy. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1003-1026. [PMID: 29512174 DOI: 10.1002/med.21493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is still one of the most serious threats to human worldwide. Aberrant patterns of glycosylation on the surface of cancer cells, which are correlated with various cancer development stages, can differentiate the abnormal tissues from the healthy ones. Therefore, tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) represent the desired targets for cancer immunotherapy. However, these carbohydrate antigens may not able to evoke powerful immune response to combat with cancer for their poor immunogenicity and immunotolerance. Different approaches have been developed to address these problems. In this review, we want to summarize the latest advances in TACAs based anticancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Man Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Shi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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8
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MacArthur NS, Jakobsche CE. 6-Hydroxynorleucine: Syntheses and Applications of a Versatile Building Block. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2017.1380492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles E. Jakobsche
- Carlson School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610
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9
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Toraskar S, Gade M, Sangabathuni S, Thulasiram HV, Kikkeri R. Exploring the Influence of Shapes and Heterogeneity of Glyco-Gold Nanoparticles on Bacterial Binding for Preventing Infections. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1116-1124. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Toraskar
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road; Pune 411008 India
| | - Madhuri Gade
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road; Pune 411008 India
| | - Sivakoti Sangabathuni
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road; Pune 411008 India
| | - Hirekodathakallu V. Thulasiram
- Chemical Biology Unit, Division of Organic Chemistry; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411008 India
| | - Raghavendra Kikkeri
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road; Pune 411008 India
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10
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Gutiérrez-Jiménez MI, Aydillo C, Navo CD, Avenoza A, Corzana F, Jiménez-Osés G, Zurbano MM, Busto JH, Peregrina JM. Bifunctional Chiral Dehydroalanines for Peptide Coupling and Stereoselective S-Michael Addition. Org Lett 2016; 18:2796-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta I. Gutiérrez-Jiménez
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, E-26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Carlos Aydillo
- CECB,
Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudio D. Navo
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, E-26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Alberto Avenoza
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, E-26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, E-26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, E-26006 Logroño, Spain
- Institute
of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, BIFI-IQFR (CSIC), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María M. Zurbano
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, E-26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Jesús H. Busto
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, E-26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Peregrina
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, E-26006 Logroño, Spain
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11
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Feng D, Shaikh AS, Wang F. Recent Advance in Tumor-associated Carbohydrate Antigens (TACAs)-based Antitumor Vaccines. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:850-63. [PMID: 26895482 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells can be distinguished from normal cells by displaying aberrant levels and types of carbohydrate structures on their surfaces. These carbohydrate structures are known as tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs). TACAs were considered as promising targets for the design of anticancer vaccines. Unfortunately, carbohydrates alone can only evoke poor immunogenicity because they are unable to induce T-cell-dependent immune responses, which is critical for cancer therapy. Moreover, immunotolerance and immunosuppression are easily induced by using natural occurring TACAs as antigens due to their endogenous property. This review summarizes the recent strategies to overcome these obstacles: (1) covalently coupling TACAs to proper carriers to improve immunogenicity, including clustered or multivalent conjugate vaccines, (2) coupling TACAs to T-cell peptide epitopes or the built-in adjuvant to form multicomponent glycoconjugate vaccines, and (3) developing vaccines based on chemically modified TACAs, which is combined with metabolic engineering of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Feng
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of education),
Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National
Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 50012, Shandong, Peoples’ Republic of ChinaChina
| | - Abdul Sami Shaikh
- Institute
of Clinical Pharmacology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of education),
Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National
Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 50012, Shandong, Peoples’ Republic of ChinaChina
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12
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Sun S, Zheng XJ, Huo CX, Song C, Li Q, Ye XS. Synthesis and Evaluation of Glycoconjugates ComprisingN-Acyl-Modified Thomsen-Friedenreich Antigens as Anticancer Vaccines. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1090-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xiu-Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Chang-Xin Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Chengcheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Qin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
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13
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McCarthy BG, MacArthur NS, Jakobsche CE. A simple synthesis of 6-hydroxynorleucine based on the rearrangement of an N-nitrosodichloroacetamide. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Müller C, Despras G, Lindhorst TK. Organizing multivalency in carbohydrate recognition. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:3275-302. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00165c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Zhang S, Xiao Q, Sherman SE, Muncan A, Ramos Vicente ADM, Wang Z, Hammer DA, Williams D, Chen Y, Pochan DJ, Vértesy S, André S, Klein ML, Gabius HJ, Percec V. Glycodendrimersomes from Sequence-Defined Janus Glycodendrimers Reveal High Activity and Sensor Capacity for the Agglutination by Natural Variants of Human Lectins. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:13334-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Zhang
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Qi Xiao
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Samuel E. Sherman
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Adam Muncan
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Andrea D. M. Ramos Vicente
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Zhichun Wang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6391, United States
| | - Daniel A. Hammer
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6391, United States
| | - Dewight Williams
- Electron
Microscopy Resource Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6082, United States
| | - Yingchao Chen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Darrin J. Pochan
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Sabine Vértesy
- Institute
of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine André
- Institute
of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael L. Klein
- Institute
of Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute
of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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16
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Barman PD, Sanyal I, Mandal SB, Banerjee AK. Cu(OTf)2-promoted efficient synthetic route towards glycospiro-pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Gao Y, Sun ZY, Huang ZH, Chen PG, Chen YX, Zhao YF, Li YM. Covalent bond or noncovalent bond: a supramolecular strategy for the construction of chemically synthesized vaccines. Chemistry 2014; 20:13541-6. [PMID: 25155367 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel noncovalent strategy to construct chemically synthesized vaccines has been designed to trigger a robust immune response and to dramatically improve the efficiency of vaccine preparation. Glycosylated MUC1 tripartite vaccines were constructed through host-guest interactions with cucurbit[8]uril. These vaccines elicited high levels of IgG antibodies that were recognized by transformed cells and induced the secretion of cytokines. The antisera also mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. This noncovalent strategy with good suitability, scalability, and feasibility can be applied as a universal strategy for the construction of chemically synthesized vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University (P.R. China)
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18
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Eller CH, Yang G, Ouerfelli O, Raines RT. Affinity of monoclonal antibodies for Globo-series glycans. Carbohydr Res 2014; 397:1-6. [PMID: 25163606 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Globo-series glycans are human cell-surface carbohydrates that include stem-cell marker SSEA-4 and cancer-cell antigen Globo H. These two hexasaccharides differ only in their terminal saccharide: N-acetylneuraminic acid in SSEA-4 and L-fucose in Globo H. Herein, we evaluated the affinity of the monoclonal antibodies α-SSEA-4 and α-GH for the glycans SSEA-4 and Globo H. Using fluorescence polarization, we find that the two monoclonal antibodies have affinity for their cognate glycan in the low nanomolar range, and have negligible affinity for the non-cognate glycan. Using surface plasmon resonance, we find that each cognate affinity is ∼20-fold greater if the glycan is immobilized on a surface rather than free in solution. We conclude that the terminal saccharide plays a dominant role in the ability of monoclonal antibodies to recognize these Globo-series glycans and that the extraordinary specificity of these antibodies supports their use for identifying and sorting stem-cells (α-SSEA-4) and as an agent in cancer immunotherapy (α-GH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelcie H Eller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1544, USA
| | - Guangbin Yang
- Organic Synthesis Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology & Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ouathek Ouerfelli
- Organic Synthesis Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology & Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ronald T Raines
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1544, USA; Department Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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19
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Hurevich M, Seeberger PH. Automated glycopeptide assembly by combined solid-phase peptide and oligosaccharide synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:1851-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48761j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Automated synthesis of glycopeptides was achieved using monosaccharide and amino acid building blocks. Using polystyrene beads equipped with photo-labile linker as solid support, all synthetic manipulations were performed using a single instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattan Hurevich
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Biomolecular Systems
- 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Biomolecular Systems
- 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universitat Berlin
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
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20
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Kuo TY, Chien LA, Chang YC, Liou SY, Chang CC. Synthetic mimics of carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines: preparation of carbohydrate polymers bearing unimolecular trivalent carbohydrate ligands by controlled living radical polymerization. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04907a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Under the conditions of nitroxide-mediated polymerizations, novel carbohydrate polymers bearing unimolecular trivalent carbohydrate ligands could be achieved through a living radical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Yuan Kuo
- Department of Chemistry
- Fu Jen Catholic University
- New Taipei City, Republic of China
| | - Li-An Chien
- Department of Chemistry
- Fu Jen Catholic University
- New Taipei City, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Chi Chang
- Department of Chemistry
- Fu Jen Catholic University
- New Taipei City, Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Yu Liou
- Department of Chemistry
- Fu Jen Catholic University
- New Taipei City, Republic of China
| | - Che-Chien Chang
- Department of Chemistry
- Fu Jen Catholic University
- New Taipei City, Republic of China
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21
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Jiménez Blanco JL, Ortiz Mellet C, García Fernández JM. Multivalency in heterogeneous glycoenvironments: hetero-glycoclusters, -glycopolymers and -glycoassemblies. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4518-31. [PMID: 22911174 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35219b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite efficiently imitating functional ligand presentations in terms of valency and density, most of the reported multivalent carbohydrate prototypes barely reflect the inherent heterogeneity of biological systems, therefore underestimating the potential contribution of synergistic or antagonistic effects to molecular recognition events. To address this question, the design of novel molecular and supramolecular entities displaying different saccharide motifs in a controlled manner is of critical importance. In this review we highlight the current efforts made to synthesize heteromultivalent glycosystems on different platforms (peptides, dendrimers, polymers, oligonucleotides, calixarenes, cyclodextrins, microarrays, vesicles) and to evaluate the influence of heterogeneity in carbohydrate-protein (lectin, antibody) recognition phenomena. Although the number of publications on this topic is limited as compared to the huge volume of reports on homomultivalent sugar displays, the current body of results has already unravelled the existence of new binding mechanisms that operate in heterogeneous environments whose exact biological significance remains to be unveiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Jiménez Blanco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 553, E-41071 Sevilla, Spain.
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Wilson RM, Danishefsky SJ. A vision for vaccines built from fully synthetic tumor-associated antigens: from the laboratory to the clinic. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14462-72. [PMID: 23944352 PMCID: PMC3826082 DOI: 10.1021/ja405932r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells may be distinguished from normal cells by cell surface displays of aberrant levels and types of carbohydrate domains. Accordingly, these tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) represent promising target structures for the design of anticancer vaccines. Over the past 20 years, our laboratory has sought to use the tools of chemical synthesis to develop TACA-based anticancer vaccine candidates. We provide herein a personal accounting of our laboratory's progress toward the long-standing goal of developing clinically viable fully synthetic carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Wilson
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027
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A simple entry to sugar derived bispiropyrrolidines through non-stabilized azomethine ylides. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gou Y, Geng J, Richards SJ, Burns J, Remzi Becer C, Haddleton DM. A Detailed Study on Understanding Glycopolymer Library and Con A Interactions. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE. PART A, POLYMER CHEMISTRY 2013; 51:2588-2597. [PMID: 23761950 PMCID: PMC3677416 DOI: 10.1002/pola.26646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic glycopolymers are important natural oligosaccharides mimics for many biological applications. To develop glycopolymeric drugs and therapeutic agents, factors that control the receptor-ligand interaction need to be investigated. A library of well-defined glycopolymers has been prepared by the combination of copper mediated living radical polymerization and CuAAC click reaction via post-functionalization of alkyne-containing precursor polymers with different sugar azides. Employing Concanavalin A as the model receptor, we explored the influence of the nature and densities of different sugars residues (mannose, galactose, and glucose) on the stoichiometry of the cluster, the rate of the cluster formation, the inhibitory potency of the glycopolymers, and the stability of the turbidity through quantitative precipitation assays, turbidimetry assays, inhibitory potency assays, and reversal aggregation assays. The diversities of binding properties contributed by different clustering parameters will make it possible to define the structures of the multivalent ligands and densities of binding epitopes tailor-made for specific functions in the lectin-ligand interaction. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2588-2597.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzi Gou
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology Changsha, 410073, China
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Marano G, Gronewold C, Frank M, Merling A, Kliem C, Sauer S, Wiessler M, Frei E, Schwartz-Albiez R. An easily accessible sulfated saccharide mimetic inhibits in vitro human tumor cell adhesion and angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cells. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:787-803. [PMID: 23015827 PMCID: PMC3388867 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligosaccharides aberrantly expressed on tumor cells influence processes such as cell adhesion and modulation of the cell’s microenvironment resulting in an increased malignancy. Schmidt’s imidate strategy offers an effective method to synthesize libraries of various oligosaccharide mimetics. With the aim to perturb interactions of tumor cells with extracellular matrix proteins and host cells, molecules with 3,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan as core structure were synthesized and screened in biological assays for their abilities to interfere in cell adhesion and other steps of the metastatic cascade, such as tumor-induced angiogenesis. The most active compound, (4-{[(β-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]methyl}furan-3-yl)methyl hydrogen sulfate (GSF), inhibited the activation of matrix-metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) as well as migration of the human melanoma cells of the lines WM-115 and WM-266-4 in a two-dimensional migration assay. GSF inhibited completely the adhesion of WM-115 cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, fibrinogen and fibronectin. In an in vitro angiogenesis assay with human endothelial cells, GSF very effectively inhibited endothelial tubule formation and sprouting of blood vessels, as well as the adhesion of endothelial cells to ECM proteins. GSF was not cytotoxic at biologically active concentrations; neither were 3,4-bis{[(β-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]methyl}furan (BGF) nor methyl β-D-galactopyranoside nor 3,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan, which were used as controls, eliciting comparable biological activity. In silico modeling experiments, in which binding of GSF to the extracellular domain of the integrin αvβ3 was determined, revealed specific docking of GSF to the same binding site as the natural peptidic ligands of this integrin. The sulfate in the molecule coordinated with one manganese ion in the binding site. These studies show that this chemically easily accessible molecule GSF, synthesized in three steps from 3,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan and benzoylated galactose imidate, is nontoxic and antagonizes cell physiological processes in vitro that are important for the dissemination and growth of tumor cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Marano
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ; Calvatis GmbH, Dr.-Albert-Reimann-Str. 16a, 68526 Ladenburg, Germany
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Carbohydrate-based cancer vaccines: target cancer with sugar bullets. Glycoconj J 2012; 29:259-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-012-9399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Recent advances in developing synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapies. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:545-84. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can often be distinguished from healthy cells by the expression of unique carbohydrate sequences decorating the cell surface as a result of aberrant glycosyltransferase activity occurring within the cell; these unusual carbohydrates can be used as valuable immunological targets in modern vaccine designs to raise carbohydrate-specific antibodies. Many tumor antigens (e.g., GM2, Ley, globo H, sialyl Tn and TF) have been identified to date in a variety of cancers. Unfortunately, carbohydrates alone evoke poor immunogenicity, owing to their lack of ability in inducing T-cell-dependent immune responses. In order to enhance their immunogenicity and promote long-lasting immune responses, carbohydrates are often chemically modified to link to an immunogenic protein or peptide fragment for eliciting T-cell-dependent responses. This review will present a summary of efforts and advancements made to date on creating carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines, and will include novel approaches to overcoming the poor immunogenicity of carbohydrate-based vaccines.
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Uriel C, Gómez AM, López JC, Fraser-Reid B. Ready access to a branched Man5 oligosaccharide based on regioselective glycosylations of a mannose-tetraol with n-pentenyl orthoesters. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:8361-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26432c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Liu X, Liu J, Luo Y. Facile glycosylation of dendrimers for eliciting specific cell–material interactions. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00404b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Morelli L, Poletti L, Lay L. Carbohydrates and Immunology: Synthetic Oligosaccharide Antigens for Vaccine Formulation. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Morelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, CISI and ISTM‐CNR, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Poletti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, CISI and ISTM‐CNR, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Lay
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, CISI and ISTM‐CNR, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Papp I, Dernedde J, Enders S, Riese SB, Shiao TC, Roy R, Haag R. Multivalent Presentation of Mannose on Hyperbranched Polyglycerol and their Interaction with Concanavalin A Lectin. Chembiochem 2011; 12:1075-83. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mazzola EP, Parkinson A, Kennelly EJ, Coxon B, Einbond LS, Freedberg DI. Utility of coupled-HSQC experiments in the intact structural elucidation of three complex saponins from Blighia sapida. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:759-68. [PMID: 21439554 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The structures of three complex saponins from the fruit pods of Blighia sapida have been elucidated and their (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra assigned employing a variety of one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques without degradative chemistry. The saponins have either four or six monosaccharide units linked to a triterpene aglycone. High-resolution, proton-coupled-HSQC spectra were important for determining both the identities of the intact monosaccharide units and coupling constants in strongly coupled proton spin systems. These NMR experiments will prove crucial as the complexity of saponin structures reaches the limit that can be determined solely by NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene P Mazzola
- University of Maryland-FDA Joint Institute, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Prasanna R, Purushothaman S, Raghunathan R. Highly regioselective synthesis of glycospiro heterocycles through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cipolla L, Araújo AC, Bini D, Gabrielli L, Russo L, Shaikh N. Discovery and design of carbohydrate-based therapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2010; 5:721-37. [PMID: 22827796 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2010.497811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Till now, the importance of carbohydrates has been underscored, if compared with the two other major classes of biopolymers such as oligonucleotides and proteins. Recent advances in glycobiology and glycochemistry have imparted a strong interest in the study of this enormous family of biomolecules. Carbohydrates have been shown to be implicated in recognition processes, such as cell-cell adhesion, cell-extracellular matrix adhesion and cell-intruder recognition phenomena. In addition, carbohydrates are recognized as differentiation markers and as antigenic determinants. Due to their relevant biological role, carbohydrates are promising candidates for drug design and disease treatment. However, the growing number of human disorders known as congenital disorders of glycosylation that are being identified as resulting from abnormalities in glycan structures and protein glycosylation strongly indicates that a fast development of glycobiology, glycochemistry and glycomedicine is highly desirable. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW The topics give an overview of different approaches that have been used to date for the design of carbohydrate-based therapeutics; this includes the use of native synthetic carbohydrates, the use of carbohydrate mimics designed on the basis of their native counterpart, the use of carbohydrates as scaffolds and finally the design of glyco-fused therapeutics, one of the most recent approaches. The review covers mainly literature that has appeared since 2000, except for a few papers cited for historical reasons. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN The reader will gain an overview of the current strategies applied to the design of carbohydrate-based therapeutics; in particular, the advantages/disadvantages of different approaches are highlighted. The topic is presented in a general, basic manner and will hopefully be a useful resource for all readers who are not familiar with it. In addition, in order to stress the potentialities of carbohydrates, several examples of carbohydrate-based marketed therapeutics are given. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Carbohydrates are a rich class of natural compounds, possessing an intriguing and still not fully understood biological role. This richness offers several strategies for the design of carbohydrate-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cipolla
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy.
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Riley JG, Xu C, Brockhausen I. Synthesis of acceptor substrate analogs for the study of glycosyltransferases involved in the second step of the biosynthesis of O-antigen repeating units. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:586-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Woodyer RD, Christ TN, Deweese KA. Single-step bioconversion for the preparation of l-gulose and l-galactose. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:363-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zhu J, Warren JD, Danishefsky SJ. Synthetic carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines: the Memorial Sloan-Kettering experience. Expert Rev Vaccines 2009; 8:1399-413. [PMID: 19803761 DOI: 10.1586/erv.09.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Malignantly transformed cells can express aberrant cell surface glycosylation patterns, which serve to distinguish them from normal cells. This phenotype provides an opportunity for the development of carbohydrate-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. Synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines, properly introduced through vaccination of a subject with a suitable construct, should be recognized by the immune system. Antibodies induced against these carbohydrate antigens could then participate in the eradication of carbohydrate-displaying tumor cells. Advances in carbohydrate synthetic capabilities have allowed us to efficiently prepare a range of complex, synthetic anticancer vaccine candidates. We describe herein the progression of our longstanding carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccine program, which is now at the threshold of clinical evaluation in several contexts. Our carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccine program has evolved through a number of stages: monomeric vaccines, monomeric clustered vaccines, unimolecular multi-antigenic vaccines and dual-acting vaccines. This account will focus on our recently developed unimolecular multi-antigenic constructs and potential dual-acting constructs, which contain clusters of both carbohydrate and peptide epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglong Zhu
- Research Fellow, Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Jeon I, Lee D, Krauss IJ, Danishefsky SJ. A new model for the presentation of tumor-associated antigens and the quest for an anticancer vaccine: a solution to the synthesis challenge via ring-closing metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:14337-44. [PMID: 19746915 DOI: 10.1021/ja9052625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fully synthetic, carbohydrate-based antitumor vaccine candidates have been synthesized in highly clustered modes. Multiple copies of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens, Tn and STn, were assembled on a single cyclic peptide scaffold in a highly convergent manner. Ring-closing metathesis-mediated incorporation of an internal cross-linker was also demonstrated. In particular, this rigidified cross-linked construct would enhance a cluster-recognizing antibody response by retaining an appropriate distance between glycans attached to the peptide platform. Details of the design and synthesis of highly clustered antigens are described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insik Jeon
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
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40
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Reaction of N-Fmoc aspartic anhydride with glycosylamines: a simple entry to N-glycosyl asparagines. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.08.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Buskas T, Thompson P, Boons GJ. Immunotherapy for cancer: synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:5335-49. [PMID: 19724783 PMCID: PMC2787243 DOI: 10.1039/b908664c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation of glycoproteins and glycolipids of cancer cells, which correlates with poor survival rates, is being exploited for the development of immunotherapies for cancer. In particular, advances in the knowledge of cooperation between the innate and adaptive system combined with the implementation of efficient synthetic methods for assembly of oligosaccharides and glycopeptides is providing avenues for the rationale design of vaccine candidates. In this respect, fully synthetic vaccine candidates show great promise because they incorporate only those elements requires for relevant immune responses, and hence do not suffer from immune suppression observed with classical carbohydrate-protein conjugate vaccines. Such vaccines are chemically well-defined and it is to be expected that they can be produced in a reproducible fashion. In this feature article, recent advances in the development of fully synthetic sub-unit carbohydrate-based cancer vaccines will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Buskas
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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42
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Guo Z, Wang Q. Recent development in carbohydrate-based cancer vaccines. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2009; 13:608-17. [PMID: 19766052 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are important molecular markers on the cancer cell surface, useful for the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines or cancer immunotherapies. However, because of their poor immunogenicity and/or immunotolerance, most TACAs fail to induce T cell-mediated immunity that is critical for cancer therapy. This review summarizes the recent effort to overcome this problem via constructing TACA conjugates with improved immunogenicity, such as by covalently coupling TACAs to proper carrier molecules to form clustered or multi-epitopic conjugate vaccines, coupling TACAs to a T cell peptide epitope and/or an immunostimulant epitope to form fully synthetic multi-component glycoconjugate vaccines, and developing vaccines based on chemically modified TACAs, which is combined with metabolic engineering of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Stallforth P, Lepenies B, Adibekian A, Seeberger PH. Carbohydrates: A Frontier in Medicinal Chemistry. J Med Chem 2009; 52:5561-77. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900819p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Stallforth
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Zhu J, Wan Q, Ragupathi G, George CM, Livingston PO, Danishefsky SJ. Biologics through chemistry: total synthesis of a proposed dual-acting vaccine targeting ovarian cancer by orchestration of oligosaccharide and polypeptide domains. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:4151-8. [PMID: 19253940 DOI: 10.1021/ja810147j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate and peptide-based antitumor vaccine constructs featuring clusters of both tumor associated carbohydrate antigens and mucin-like peptide epitopes have been designed, synthesized, and studied. The mucin-based epitopes are included to act, potentially, as T-cell epitopes in order to provoke a strong immune response. Hopefully the vaccine will simulate cell surface architecture, thereby provoking levels of immunity against cancer cell types displaying such characteristics. With this central idea in mind, we designed a new vaccine type against ovarian cancer. Following advances in glycohistology, our design is based on clusters of Gb(3) antigen and also incorporates a MUC5AC peptide epitope. The vaccine is among the most complex targeted constructs to be assembled by chemical synthesis to date. The strategy for the synthesis employed a Gb(3)-MUC5AC thioester cassette as a key building block. Syntheses of both nonconjugate and KLH-conjugated vaccines constructs have been accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglong Zhu
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 YorkAVenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Lee D, Danishefsky SJ. "Biologic" level structures through chemistry: A total synthesis of a unimolecular pentavalent MUCI glycopeptide construct. Tetrahedron Lett 2009; 50:2167-2170. [PMID: 21423786 PMCID: PMC3059311 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.02.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A convergent synthesis of a unimolecular pentavalent-MUC1 glycopeptide has been accomplished. A tandem repeat of unglycosylated human tumor-associated MUC1, a potential target for cancer immunotherapy, was incorporated into the known unimolecular pentavalent carbohydrate construct (5). This is an important step towards the development of a new fully synthetic anti-cancer vaccine candidate (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjoo Lee
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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46
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Jalsa NK, Singh G. A unique approach to the synthesis of a dengue vaccine and the novel tetrasaccharide that results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhu J, Wan Q, Yang G, Ouerfelli O, Danishefsky SJ. Synthesis of Human Cancer Associated Globo-H (MBr1) Glycosylamino Acid: Some Mechanistic and Conformational Reinvestigations. HETEROCYCLES 2009; 79:441-449. [PMID: 21423783 PMCID: PMC3059307 DOI: 10.3987/com-08-s(d)82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of an extended globo-H (MBr1 antigen) in the form of a glycosylamino acid is reported. By careful NMR analysis, we found an interesting conformational "flip" on the E ring of some synthetic intermediates. An explanation offered for the successful [3+3] coupling of ABC acceptor 11 and DEF donor 10 possessing a C4 free hydroxyl to produce β-galactoside in azaglycosidations is reinforced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglong Zhu
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY 10065
| | - Qian Wan
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY 10065
| | - Guangbin Yang
- Organic Synthesis Core Laboratory, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY 10065
| | - Ouathek Ouerfelli
- Organic Synthesis Core Laboratory, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY 10065
| | - Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY 10065
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027 (USA)
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Niederhafner P, Reinis M, Sebestík J, Jezek J. Glycopeptide dendrimers, part III: a review. Use of glycopeptide dendrimers in immunotherapy and diagnosis of cancer and viral diseases. J Pept Sci 2008; 14:556-87. [PMID: 18275089 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycopeptide dendrimers containing different types of tumor associated-carbohydrate antigens (T(N), TF, sialyl-T(N), sialyl-TF, sialyl-Le(x), sialyl-Le(a) etc.) were used in diagnosis and therapy of different sorts of cancer. These dendrimeric structures with incorporated T-cell epitopes and adjuvants can be used as antitumor vaccines. Best results were obtained with multiantigenic vaccines, containing, e.g. five or six different TAAs. The topic of TAAs and their dendrimeric forms at molecular level are reviewed, including structure, syntheses, and biological activities. Use of glycopeptide dendrimers as antiviral vaccines against HIV and influenza is also described. Their syntheses, physico-chemical properties, and biological activities are given with many examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Niederhafner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Efficient production of L-ribose with a recombinant Escherichia coli biocatalyst. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:2967-75. [PMID: 18344327 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02768-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A new synthetic platform with potential for the production of several rare sugars, with l-ribose as the model target, is described. The gene encoding the unique NAD-dependent mannitol-1-dehydrogenase (MDH) from Apium graveolens (garden celery) was synthetically constructed for optimal expression in Escherichia coli. This MDH enzyme catalyzes the interconversion of several polyols and their l-sugar counterparts, including the conversion of ribitol to l-ribose. Expression of recombinant MDH in the active form was successfully achieved, and one-step purification was demonstrated. Using the created recombinant E. coli strain as a whole-cell catalyst, the synthetic utility was demonstrated for production of l-ribose, and the system was improved using shaken flask experiments. It was determined that addition of 50 to 500 microM ZnCl(2) and addition of 5 g/liter glycerol both improved production. The final levels of conversion achieved were >70% at a concentration of 40 g/liter and >50% at a concentration of 100 g/liter. The best conditions determined were then scaled up to a 1-liter fermentation that resulted in 55% conversion of 100 g/liter ribitol in 72 h, for a volumetric productivity of 17.4 g liter(-1) day(-1). This system represents a significantly improved method for the large-scale production of l-ribose.
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Kaltgrad E, Sen Gupta S, Punna S, Huang CY, Chang A, Wong CH, Finn MG, Blixt O. Anti-Carbohydrate Antibodies Elicited by Polyvalent Display on a Viral Scaffold. Chembiochem 2007; 8:1455-62. [PMID: 17676704 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tetra- and hexasaccharides were arrayed on the exterior surface of cowpea mosaic virus by using a copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. Inoculation of chickens with these virus conjugates gave rise to large quantities of polyclonal anti-glycan IgY antibodies that displayed excellent avidity and specificity on analysis with printed glycan microarrays. Avian IgY antibodies are produced in significantly higher yield than is possible for mouse or rabbit IgG, and exhibit reduced cross reactivity with native mammalian proteins. For a tri-LacNAc antigen, affinity purification against immobilized mono-LacNAc was necessary to provide a set of antibodies with specific binding properties. Comparable performance was observed for the virus-based polyclonal versus a commercial monoclonal antibody raised against the globo-H tetrasaccharide; this highlights the utility of the glycan microarray for both quality control and rapid in-depth analysis. Virus-carbohydrate conjugates are promising candidates for development in diagnostic and immunotherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiton Kaltgrad
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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