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Li X, Kutta RJ, Jandl C, Bauer A, Nuernberger P, Bach T. Photochemically Induced Ring Opening of Spirocyclopropyl Oxindoles: Evidence for a Triplet 1,3‐Diradical Intermediate and Deracemization by a Chiral Sensitizer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Li
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Roger J. Kutta
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Andreas Bauer
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Patrick Nuernberger
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Germany
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Li X, Kutta RJ, Jandl C, Bauer A, Nuernberger P, Bach T. Photochemically Induced Ring Opening of Spirocyclopropyl Oxindoles: Evidence for a Triplet 1,3-Diradical Intermediate and Deracemization by a Chiral Sensitizer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21640-21647. [PMID: 32757341 PMCID: PMC7756555 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The photochemical deracemization of spiro[cyclopropane‐1,3′‐indolin]‐2′‐ones (spirocyclopropyl oxindoles) was studied. The corresponding 2,2‐dichloro compound is configurationally labile upon direct irradiation at λ=350 nm and upon irradiation at λ=405 nm in the presence of achiral thioxanthen‐9‐one as the sensitizer. The triplet 1,3‐diradical intermediate generated in the latter reaction was detected by transient absorption spectroscopy and its lifetime determined (τ=22 μs). Using a chiral thioxanthone or xanthone, with a lactam hydrogen bonding site as a photosensitizer, allowed the deracemization of differently substituted chiral spirocyclopropyl oxindoles with yields of 65–98 % and in 50–85 % ee (17 examples). Three mechanistic contributions were identified to co‐act favorably for high enantioselectivity: the difference in binding constants to the chiral thioxanthone, the smaller molecular distance in the complex of the minor enantiomer, and the lifetime of the intermediate 1,3‐diradical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Li
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Roger J Kutta
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Bauer
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Patrick Nuernberger
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
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Chagarovskiy AO, Ivanova OA, Rakhmankulov ER, Budynina EM, Trushkov IV, Melnikov MY. Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Isomerization of 2-Arylcyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylates: A New Efficient Route to 2-Styrylmalonates. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Kuwatani Y, Yamamoto G, Oda M, Iyoda M. Nickel-Catalyzed Dimerization of [5]Cumulenes (Hexapentaenes). BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.78.2188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Miranda MA, Pérez-Prieto J, Font-Sanchis E, Scaiano JC. One- vs two-photon processes in the photochemistry of 1,n-dihaloalkanes. Acc Chem Res 2001; 34:717-26. [PMID: 11560471 DOI: 10.1021/ar000107r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1,n-Dihaloalkanes can be photochemical precursors of n-haloalkyl and -allyl radicals and cations, which are generated via one-photon processes. Time-resolved techniques have provided considerable information on the structures and reactivity of these intermediates. Low-temperature matrix isolation, two-laser two-color, laser-drop, and laser-jet photolysis techniques are powerful tools to photolyze haloalkyl radicals and to generate carbenes or biradicals via two-photon processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Miranda
- Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC//Departamento de Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46071 Valencia, Spain.
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Sajimon MC, Ramaiah D, Thomas KG, George MV. Biradical intermediates in the photoisomerization of dibenzodihydropentalenofurans to dibenzosemibullvalenes. J Org Chem 2001; 66:3182-7. [PMID: 11325286 DOI: 10.1021/jo0101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The photoisomerization of a few substituted dibenzodihydropentalenofurans to the corresponding dibenzosemibullvalenes is reported. Steady-state photolysis of the dibenzodihydropentalenofurans 3a--d gave the corresponding dibenzosemibullvalenes 2a--d in nearly quantitative yields. The quantum yields of this photoisomerization were found to be in the range 0.17--0.26. Laser flash photolysis studies of the dibenzodihydropentalenofurans 3a-e showed transients, with absorption maxima around 410 nm and decaying by first-order kinetics. The lifetimes were in the range 14--30 micros in degassed benzene at 25 degrees C. These transients were readily quenched (trapped) by molecular oxygen, and the Stern-Völmer quenching constants were found to be in the range (2.45--3.17) x 10(9) M(-1) s(-1). As a representative example, the 1,3-biradical intermediate from 3e was trapped by molecular oxygen to give the corresponding endoperoxide 11e. The transients were weakly quenched by triplet/radical quenchers such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperinyl-1-oxy (TEMPO) and 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperinyl-1-oxy (HTEMPO), and the quenching constants are found to be in the range (1.09--3.19) x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1). The decay rates of the transients were found to be temperature dependent and obeyed the Arrhenius equation. For example, the activation energy of the transient from 3a was approximately 4.5 kcal mol(-1) and the Arrhenius preexponential factor log(A/s(-1)) for the decay of the transients was approximately 7.5. On the basis of our studies, these transients were assigned as the ground-state triplet biradicals, generated by the cleavage of the C--O bond of the starting dibenzodihydropentalenofurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Sajimon
- Photochemistry Research Unit, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Trivandrum 695 019, India
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Mizuno K, Ichinose N, Yoshimi Y. Photochemistry of cyclopropanes, methylenecyclopropanes, and vinylidenecyclopropanes. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-5567(00)00011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mizuno K, Sugita H, Hirai T, Maeda H. A NovelCis–TransPhotoisomerization of Vinylidenecyclopropanes via Excited Singlet and Triplet States. CHEM LETT 2000. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2000.1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kita F, Adam W, Jordan P, Nau WM, Wirz J. 1,3-Cyclopentanediyl Diradicals: Substituent and Temperature Dependence of Triplet−Singlet Intersystem Crossing. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja991362d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Siskos MG, Zarkadis AK, Steenken S, Karakostas N, Garas SK. Photodissociation of N-(Triphenylmethyl)anilines: A Laser Flash Photolysis, ESR, and Product Analysis Study1. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9719261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Siskos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece, and Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Mülheim, FRG
| | - A. K. Zarkadis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece, and Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Mülheim, FRG
| | - S. Steenken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece, and Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Mülheim, FRG
| | - N. Karakostas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece, and Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Mülheim, FRG
| | - S. K. Garas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece, and Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Mülheim, FRG
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Ichinose N, Mizuno K, Otsuji Y, Caldwell RA, Helms AM. Photochemical C−C Bond Cleavage of 1,2-Diarylcyclopropanes Bearing an Acetylphenyl Group. Generation and Observation of Triplet 1,3-Biradicals. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo971111s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wu F, Chen X, Weiner BR. Photodissociation Dynamics of Trimethylene Sulfoxide. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp973080a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- Department of Chemistry and the Chemical Physics Program, University of Puerto Rico, Box 23346 UPR Station, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931
| | - Xirong Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the Chemical Physics Program, University of Puerto Rico, Box 23346 UPR Station, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931
| | - Brad R. Weiner
- Department of Chemistry and the Chemical Physics Program, University of Puerto Rico, Box 23346 UPR Station, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931
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Miranda MA, Pérez-Prieto J, Font-Sanchis E, Kónya K, Scaiano JC. Laser Flash, Laser-Drop, and Lamp Photolysis of 1,3-Dichloro-1,3-diphenylpropane. One- versus Two-Photon Reaction Pathways. J Org Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9704772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Miranda
- Instituto de Tecnología Química/Departamento de Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, 46071 Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Vicént Andrés Estelles s/n, Burjasot, 46100 Valencia, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Julia Pérez-Prieto
- Instituto de Tecnología Química/Departamento de Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, 46071 Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Vicént Andrés Estelles s/n, Burjasot, 46100 Valencia, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Enrique Font-Sanchis
- Instituto de Tecnología Química/Departamento de Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, 46071 Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Vicént Andrés Estelles s/n, Burjasot, 46100 Valencia, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Klára Kónya
- Instituto de Tecnología Química/Departamento de Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, 46071 Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Vicént Andrés Estelles s/n, Burjasot, 46100 Valencia, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - J. C. Scaiano
- Instituto de Tecnología Química/Departamento de Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, 46071 Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Vicént Andrés Estelles s/n, Burjasot, 46100 Valencia, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
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Karki SB, Dinnocenzo JP, Farid S, Goodman JL, Gould IR, Zona TA. Bond-Coupled Electron Transfer Processes: A New Strategy for High-Efficiency Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja962291a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. B. Karki
- Center for Photoinduced Charge Transfer University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0219 Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester Rochester, New York 14627-0216 Research Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Company Rochester, New York 14650-2109
| | - J. P. Dinnocenzo
- Center for Photoinduced Charge Transfer University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0219 Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester Rochester, New York 14627-0216 Research Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Company Rochester, New York 14650-2109
| | - S. Farid
- Center for Photoinduced Charge Transfer University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0219 Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester Rochester, New York 14627-0216 Research Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Company Rochester, New York 14650-2109
| | - J. L. Goodman
- Center for Photoinduced Charge Transfer University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0219 Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester Rochester, New York 14627-0216 Research Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Company Rochester, New York 14650-2109
| | - I. R. Gould
- Center for Photoinduced Charge Transfer University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0219 Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester Rochester, New York 14627-0216 Research Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Company Rochester, New York 14650-2109
| | - T. A. Zona
- Center for Photoinduced Charge Transfer University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0219 Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester Rochester, New York 14627-0216 Research Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Company Rochester, New York 14650-2109
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Pérez-Prieto J, Miranda MA, Font-Sanchis E, Kónya K, Scaiano J. Lamp versus laser photolysis of 1,3-dichloro-1,3-diphenylpropane in cyclohexane. Direct observation of 1,3-diphenylpropenyl radical. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)00987-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Unett DJ, Caldwell RA. The triplet state of alkenes: Structure, dynamics, energetics and chemistry. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 1995. [DOI: 10.1163/156856795x00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ichinose N, Mizuno K, Otsuji Y, Tachikawa H. Theoretical study on the photochemical CC bond cleavage reaction via acetophenone-type excited triplet state. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)75845-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Ichinose N, Mizuno K, Otsuji Y. Photocleavage of C-C Single Bond of 1,2-Bis(4-acetylphenyl)ethane Derivatives. CHEM LETT 1993. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1993.1803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Toki S, Komitsu S, Tojo S, Takamuku S, Ichinose N, Mizuno K, Otsuji Y. cis–trans Isomerization of 1,2-Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropanes via a Cationic Chain Mechanism. CHEM LETT 1988. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1988.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Zimmt MB, Doubleday C, Turro NJ. Substituent and solvent effects on the lifetimes of hydrocarbon-based biradicals. Chem Phys Lett 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(87)87191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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